System (10, 11) for a heat pump cycle including: - an evaporator (70) in which the working fluid evaporates with a predetermined evaporation pressure by absorbing heat from a cold source, - a first low-pressure compressor (20) or compression stage and at least a second high pressure_compressor (30) or compression stage, for compressing a working fluid to the vapor state, each first and second compressor being equipped with a plurality of compression stages, - a condenser (50) to condense the working fluid which releases heat to a hot source, - at least one lamination valve (60), in which the working fluid in the liquid state is reduced in pressure, - an auxiliary condenser (80), downstream of an intermediate compression stage between the first (20) and at least a second compressor (30), configured to process a partial or total flow rate of working fluid.
Device (20) for the continuous oil separation suitable for an organic Rankine cycle plant, equipped with: - a first line (2) in which a mixture of vapor from the organic working fluid and lubrication oil is present, - an oil separator (3), downstream of the first line (2) and in fluid communication with it, which separates the lubrication oil from the organic working fluid vapor, and - a discharge line (4) downstream of the oil separator (3), in which a first flow of vapor of the organic working fluid is present, which is deprived of the lubrication oil, - a second bleed line (6), in which there is a second flow of vapor of the organic working fluid, - an ejector (5) downstream and in fluid communication with the discharge line (4) and with the second bleed line (6), wherein the first vapor flow of the organic working fluid is the flow that the ejector (5) draws and the second vapor flow of the organic working fluid is the driving flow of the ejector (5), - a third line (7), downstream and in fluid communication with the ejector (5), in which there is a third vapor flow of the organic working fluid, the sum of the first and second vapor flows.
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
F01K 21/00 - Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
F01K 25/04 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid being in different phases, e.g. foamed
F01K 25/06 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
3.
Speed regulation system of a turbine and relevant control method
A regulation system (20) of an expansion turbine (3) speed, the system having an organic Rankine cycle system (10) in turn having at least one expansion turbine (3), a control unit (21) which manages all the control processes of the regulation system (20), and regulates the frequency of the electrical energy produced by a generator (4) operating according to a predetermined management logic on one or more of the following components: at least one inlet valve (AV), at least one by-pass valve (BV), an electrical accumulation system (22), a dissipative electrical brake (24), a control of interruptible electrical loads (25) or a system for modulating heat generation or recovery, the predetermined management logic includes a primary regulation that takes place within 10 s and a secondary regulation that takes place in a time between 30 seconds and 30 minutes.
F01K 13/02 - Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
F01D 15/10 - Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
A multi-stage turbomachine (100) for processing a working fluid, provided with at least one lateral flow (30) of working fluid, and having a casing (14), a shaft (16) supported by bearings (15), an inlet (12) of a main flow (20) of the working fluid, an exhaust nozzle (17) of the main flow (20), a first impeller (7) and a second impeller (8) mounted cantilevered with respect to the bearings (15); the turbomachine having also a nozzle (1) for introducing the lateral flow (30), a spiral scroll (5) for imposing a degree of vorticity on the working fluid of the lateral flow (30) and contained within the casing (14), an annular channel (13) for transporting the lateral flow (30), a mixing section (10) in which the main flow (20) and the side lateral (30) join and mix.
Compressor (100) for a working fluid provided with an integrated speed multiplier (110), the speed multiplier (110) having: - a first shaft (111), connected to a motor, carrying a gear (112), supported by first bearings (112'), - at least one second shaft (113) carrying a pinion (114), arranged circumferentially around the gear (112) and connected to one or more impellers of the compressor (100), the second shaft being supported by second bearings (114'), wherein the pinion (114) and the gear wheel (112) mesh directly or indirectly with each other, - a mechanical seal (115), oil lubricated and placed on one end of the first shaft (111), and - a casing (116) in turn provided with: - a frame (118) which supports the first shaft (111), the gear (112), the related bearings (112'), the at least one second shaft (113) with related pinion (114) and bearings (114') and is connected via an interface element (117) to the compressor casing (116), - a shell (119) for containing the pressure of the working fluid and inside which the frame (118) is located, and - a flexible element (120) interposed between the interface element (117) and the pressure containment shell (119), - at least one labyrinth seal (121).
Recuperator (20, 30) for an organic Rankine cycle plant operated by an organic working fluid comprising: - at least one finned battery (20th, 30th) - a casing (21, 31), delimited by a shell (22, 32) inside which at least one finned battery (20a, 30a) is housed, so that a vapor phase of the organic working fluid flows to the outside of at least one finned battery (20a, 30a) and inside the casing (21, 31), - a plurality of tubes (24, 34) inside which a liquid phase of the organic working fluid flows and which are partially located inside the at least one finned battery (20a, 30a), so that between the vapor phase of the organic working fluid and the liquid phase of the organic working fluid a heat exchange takes place, - a first terminal portion (24i, 34i) of tubes of the plurality of tubes (24, 34), abutting a first manifold (25i, 35i) and external to at least one finned battery (20a, 30a) with adduction function of the liquid phase of the organic working fluid, - a second terminal portion (24o, 34o) of tubes of the plurality of tubes (24, 34), abutting on a second manifold (25o, 35o) and external to at least one finned battery (20a, 30a) with delivery function of the liquid phase of the organic working fluid, the recuperator (20, 30) being characterized by the fact that: - first manifold (25i, 35i) and second manifold (25o, 35o) are external to the casing (21, 31) and are provided with corresponding first tube plate (26i, 36i) and second tube plate (26o, 36o), respectively integral with the first end portion (24i, 34i) of tubes and with the second end portion (24o, 34o) of tubes, - the shell (22, 32) of the casing (21, 32) is provided with a first opening (23i, 33i) and a second opening (23o, 33o), - the shape of the tube plates (26i, 36i, 26o, 36o) reproduces the shape of the openings (23i, 33i, 23o, 33o), so that the tube plates (26i, 36i, 26o, 36o) close the corresponding openings (23i, 33i, 23o, 33o), so restoring, after welding, the integrity of the shell (22, 32).
F28D 1/053 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
F28D 7/08 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
F28F 9/00 - CasingsHeader boxesAuxiliary supports for elementsAuxiliary members within casings
F28F 9/22 - Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
F28B 1/02 - Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separated from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
Air condenser (100) suitable for an organic Rankine cycle plant operated by a working fluid, having a two-pitch tube bundle (80), a support structure (110) which allows the inclined positioning of the tube bundle (80), an air duct (120) that passes through the tube bundle (80) and at least one fan (130) that sucks in the air to perform out the heat exchange with the working fluid to be condensed, in which - a first pitch (10) of the tube bundle (80), provided with a first plurality of tubes, condenses the working fluid up to a vapor content greater than zero, and - a second pitch (14) of the tube bundle (80), provided with a second plurality of tubes, condenses only the residual vapor flow of the working fluid not condensed in the first pitch (10), and is inclined upwards and allows the extraction through its second end (14") of incondensable gases present in the working fluid.
F28B 1/06 - Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separated from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
F28B 9/08 - Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
F28B 9/10 - Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for extracting, cooling, and removing non-condensable gases
F28D 1/053 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
8.
TURBO MACHINE WITH INTEGRATED SPEED REDUCER / MULTIPLIER
Integrated system (20) including a turbomachine (1) connected to a speed reducer or multiplier (2) in which: - a shaft (3) of the turbomachine (1) is separated from an input shaft (2') of the speed reducer or multiplier (2) and connected to it by means of a coupling device (7), - between a process zone of a working fluid of the turbomachine (1) and a casing (5) of the shaft (3) of the turbomachine (1) a labyrinth sealing device (6) is allocated which separates the organic fluid from work from the lubricating oil of the casing (5) and of the reducer or multiplier (2), where the working organic fluid pressure is greater than the pressure of the lubricating oil of the casing (5) of the shaft (3) of the turbomachine (1) and of the speed reducer or multiplier (2), - an output shaft (2") of the speed reducer or multiplier (2) is provided with a mechanical seal (9); - a separator (15) is provided, to separate the lubricating oil from the working fluid.
F01D 1/04 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
F01D 1/06 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D 15/10 - Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
F01D 11/02 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
F01D 11/00 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages
An organic Rankine cycle system with cascade cycles provided with a first organic Rankine cycle which operates at high temperature, in which a first organic working fluid carries out a heat exchange with a hot source fluid and a second organic Rankine cycle which operates at a temperature lower than the temperature of the first organic Rankine cycle and in which a second organic working fluid carries out a heat exchange with the same hot source. The evaporator of the first organic Rankine cycle is fed by the entire flow rate of the hot source fluid, while the evaporator and the preheater of the second organic Rankine cycle are fed by a first partial flow of the hot source fluid, the remaining second partial flow of the hot source fluid being used to partially carry out the preheating of the organic working fluid of the first organic Rankine cycle.
F01K 25/10 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
F01K 7/18 - Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of enginePlants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processesControl means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processesUse of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbine being of multiple-inlet-pressure type
F01K 23/02 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
10.
SPEED REGULATION SYSTEM OF A TURBINE AND RELEVANT CONTROL METHOD
Regulation system (20) of an expansion turbine (3) speed, having the following components and / or subsystems: • - an organic Rankine cycle system (10) in turn having at least one expansion turbine (3), provided with at least one inlet valve (AV) and at least one by-pass valve (BV) and mechanically connected to a generator (4) of electricity, • - a control unit (21) which manages all the control processes of the regulation system (20), • - an electric accumulation system (22) • - a dissipative electric brake (24), • - a control for interruptible electrical loads (25) • - a system for modulating the heat generation or recovery, in which the control unit (21) regulates the speed of the expansion turbine (3), i.e. the frequency of the electrical energy produced by the generator (4), operating according to a predetermined management logic on one or more of the following components: the at least one inlet valve (AV), the at least one by-pass valve (BV), the electrical accumulation system (22) or the dissipative electrical brake (24), the control of interruptible electrical loads (25) or the modulation system of heat generation or recovery, and in which the predetermined management logic has a primary regulation that takes place within 10s and is suitable for guaranteeing the stability of regulation of the grid frequencies and a secondary regulation that takes place in a time between 30 s and 30 min and is suitable for optimizing the energy management in the isolated grid.
Volumetric motive machine (10, 20, 30, 40) working according to an operating sequence substantially equivalent to the Diesel cycle engines, comprising: • - at least one casing (8, 23) for containing a fuel element and an oxidizing element, wherein oxidizing element is oxygen compressed in the liquid phase by one or more pumps (6) before being introduced into the casing (8, 23), • - at least one piston (9) operating with periodic motion inside the casing (8, 23), so as to generate a chamber inside the casing of variable volume periodically between a minimum volume VI and a maximum volume V2, • - inlet openings (3, 21) for the intake of the fuel and exhaust openings (4, 22, 31) for the exhaust of combustion gases produced by the combustion of the fuel with the oxidizing element, • - an injection system (5a, 200) for injecting the oxidizing element into the casing (8, 23), • - at least one inlet duct (1) for the fuel element and at least one exhaust duct (12) for combustion gases, • - a system for collecting and transferring the mechanical power collected by the piston (9) to a rotating shaft by means of the alternation of the pressures acting on it in the various phases of the thermodynamic cycle carried out in the machine itself, whereby the volumetric motive machine (10, 20, 30, 40) is provided with a turbine expander (41) located on the exhaust duct (12) to produce mechanical power and pre-cool the exhaust gases.
F02B 43/10 - Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
F02B 47/10 - Circulation of exhaust gas in closed or semi-closed circuits, e.g. with simultaneous addition of oxygen
F01N 5/04 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
F02B 43/00 - Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuelsPlants including such engines
F02B 47/06 - Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only the substances including non-airborne oxygen
A cascade organic Rankine cycle plant comprising a hot source, at least a first high temperature organic Rankine cycle and a second low temperature organic Rankine cycle, said cycles comprising at least one preheater, at least one vaporizer, at least one turbine, at least one condenser, wherein the hot source first supplies a vaporizer of the high temperature cycle, then the vaporizer of the low temperature cycle and finally it is divided into two flows which supply a first preheater of the high temperature cycle and a preheater of the low temperature cycle. The first high-temperature organic Rankine cycle comprises a further vaporizer operating at an intermediate pressure between the vaporizer pressure of the high temperature cycle and the vaporizer pressure of the low temperature cycle.
A heat exchange circuit for a geothermal plant comprising a well excavated in the rock, a casing arranged inside the well, integral with it and comprising at least a first perforated section extending along a first portion of the well and at least a second perforated section extending along a second portion of the well, the perforated sections allowing the exit and the entry of a flow of geothermal fluid contained in an aquifer, an internal duct, located inside the casing in which a heat transfer fluid flows, wherein the well, the casing and the internal duct being arranged as a substantially closed ring, except for at least one surface interruption, at least one heat-exchange section at the bottom of the well between the first portion and the second portion of the well within which the geothermal fluid transfers heat to the heat transfer fluid.
F24T 10/15 - Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using bent tubesGeothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using tubes assembled with connectors or with return headers
F24T 10/30 - Geothermal collectors using underground reservoirs for accumulating working fluids or intermediate fluids
F24T 10/20 - Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluidGeothermal collectors using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
F24T 10/13 - Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
An axial turbine (100) with two supply levels for the expansion phase of a working fluid in a thermodynamic vapor cycle or in an organic Rankine cycle comprising a shaft (2), a plurality of rotor blade arrays (R1-Rn) and corresponding support disks (21, 22), a plurality of stator blade arrays (S1-Sn), further comprising a first inlet opening (5) and a second inlet opening (7′). The second volute (4) is positioned inside the first volute (3), the working fluid of the second supply level reaching upstream of a stator blade (S2,Sn) that is are immediately upstream of one of the rotor blade arrays that extends radially into both of the first and second supply levels.
F01D 1/12 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor with repeated action on same blade ring
F01D 1/02 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor
F01D 9/06 - Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
F01D 25/26 - Double casingsMeasures against temperature strain in casings
Organic Rankine cycle system (10, 110, 210) with cascade cycles comprising a first organic Rankine cycle (20, 120, 220) which operates at high temperature, in which a first organic working fluid carries out a heat exchange with a hot source fluid and at least a second organic Rankine cycle (30, 130, 230, 250) which operates at a temperature lower than the temperature of the first organic Rankine cycle (20, 120, 220) and in which a second organic working fluid carries out a heat exchange with the same hot source, each organic Rankine cycle (20, 120, 220, 30, 130, 230, 250) comprising: - at least a feed pump (24, 124, 224, 34, 134, 234, 254) to feed the organic working fluid in the liquid phase, - at least a first preheater (25, 125, 35, 135, 255) for preheating the organic working fluid, - at least an evaporator (21, 121, 221, 31, 131, 231, 251) to vaporize the organic working fluid, - at least an expansion turbine (22, 122, 222, 32, 132, 232, 252) which expands the vapor of the organic working fluid, - at least a condenser (23, 123, 223, 33, 133, 233, 253) which brings the organic working fluid back into the liquid phase, said organic Rankine cycle system (10, 110, 210) being characterized in that the evaporator (21, 121, 221) of the first organic Rankine cycle (20, 120, 220) is fed by the entire flow rate (40, 140, 240) of the hot source fluid, while the evaporator (31, 131, 231) and the preheater (35, 135, 235) of said at least one second organic Rankine cycle (30, 130, 230) are fed by a first partial flow (43, 143, 243) of the hot source fluid, the remaining second partial flow (42, 142, 242) of the hot source fluid being used to at least partially carry out the preheating of the organic working fluid of the first organic Rankine cycle (20, 120, 220).
F01K 23/02 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
An organic Rankine cycle system (100, 110, 120) with direct exchange and in cascade comprising a high temperature organic Rankine cycle (10) which carries out the direct heat exchange with a hot source (H) and a low temperature organic Rankine cycle (10′) in thermal communication with the high temperature cycle (10). The organic Rankine cycle system (100, 110, 120) is configured in a way that the thermal communication between the cycles (10, 10′) takes place through at least one heat exchanger (3) configured to use at least the condensation heat of the high temperature cycle to vaporize and/or preheat the working fluid of the low temperature organic Rankine cycle fluid and through a heat exchanger (4) configured to operate as working fluid sub-cooler for the high temperature organic Rankine cycle (10) and as a working fluid preheater for the low temperature organic Rankine cycle (10′).
F01K 23/04 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
F01K 3/18 - Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
A binary geothermal system comprising: —an organic Rankine cycle having at least one supply pump for feeding an organic working fluid, in liquid phase, of at least one heat exchanger for heating the organic working fluid until its transformation vapor phase and to its eventual overheating, an expansion turbine to expand the organic working fluid vapor, a condenser bringing in a liquid phase the organic working fluid, —a geothermal source comprising a geothermal liquid and a geothermal vapor, the organic working fluid is vaporized directly or indirectly through a flow of geothermal vapor in the heat exchanger and is preheated by a flow of geothermal liquid in a first pre-heater, and the organic working fluid is preheated also in a second pre-heater which exploits the thermal energy contained in a flow rate formed by the gas mixture and by the geothermal vapor fraction which is not condensed.
F01K 23/02 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
F03G 7/04 - Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
F03G 4/00 - Devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy
A rotating turbomachine provided with a fluid sealing device, comprising an extensible/dilatable bellows piston to make a sealing surface abut against a rotor disc, or against the head of the shaft, therefore confining the working fluid in the turbomachine stopped during the respective maintenance operations, is described. A coolant is supplied inside the bellows piston during the normal operations of the machine.
F01D 11/00 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages
F16J 15/34 - Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
F16J 15/36 - Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member connected by a diaphragm to the other member
Heat exchange circuit for a geothermal plant comprising a well (10) excavated in the rock, a casing (11) arranged inside the well (10), integral with it and comprising at least a first perforated section extending along a first portion (A) of the well (10) and at least a second perforated section extending along a second portion (B) of the well (10), the perforated sections allowing the exit and the entry of a flow of geothermal fluid contained in an aquifer (4), an internal duct (E), located inside the casing (11) in which a heat transfer fluid flows, wherein the well (10), the casing (11) and the internal duct (E) being arranged as a substantially closed ring, except for at least one surface interruption, at least one heat-exchange section (12) at the bottom of the well between the first portion (A) and the second portion (B) of the well (10) within which the geothermal fluid transfers heat to the heat transfer fluid, at least a user (Q) located at the surface and to which the internal duct (E) is removably connected. The internal duct (E) is translatable inside the casing (11) so that a first portion (50) of the internal duct (E) assumes any position inside the casing (11) including a position at the bottom of the well or a position on the surface.
F24T 10/15 - Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using bent tubesGeothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using tubes assembled with connectors or with return headers
F24T 10/30 - Geothermal collectors using underground reservoirs for accumulating working fluids or intermediate fluids
F24T 10/20 - Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluidGeothermal collectors using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
Cascade organic Rankine cycle plant (100) comprising a hot source (10), at least a first high temperature organic Rankine cycle (110) and a second low temperature organic Rankine cycle (120), said cycles comprising at least one preheater (2, 4, 14), at least one vaporizer (1, 11), at least one turbine (5, 15), at least one condenser (6, 16), wherein the hot source (10) first supplies a vaporizer (1) of the high temperature cycle (110), then the vaporizer (11) of the low temperature cycle (120) and finally it is divided into two flows which supply a first preheater (4) of the high temperature cycle (110) and a preheater (14) of the low temperature cycle (120). The first high-temperature organic Rankine cycle (110) comprises a further vaporizer (7) operating at an intermediate pressure between the vaporizer pressure (1) of the high temperature cycle (110) and the vaporizer pressure (11) of the low temperature cycle (120), said further vaporizer (7) being supplied by a partial flow of the hot source (10) extracted downstream of the first vaporizer (1) and upstream of a second preheater (2) of the same high temperature cycle (110) and said further vaporizer (7) being used to produce vapor of organic fluid at the intermediate pressure to be used in the turbine (5) of the high temperature cycle (110).
F01K 23/02 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
Axial turbine (100) with two supply levels for the expansion phase of a working fluid in a thermodynamic vapor cycle or in an organic Rankine cycle comprising a shaft (2), a plurality of rotor blade arrays (R1-Rn) and corresponding support disks (21, 22), a plurality of stator blade arrays (S1-Sn), further comprising a first inlet opening (5) and a second inlet opening (7'). The second volute (4) is positioned inside the first volute (3), the working fluid of the second supply level reaching upstream of a stator blade (S2, S3... Sn) any subsequent to the first stage, and the vapor flow of the first supply level and that of the second supply level are conveyed so as to be substantially parallel to each other according to an axial direction upstream of a stator blade (S2, S3... Sn).
F01D 1/02 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor
F01D 1/12 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor with repeated action on same blade ring
A control method of a centrifugal compressor (C) mechanically coupled to an expansion turbine (TorC), the centrifugal compressor (C) being provided with at least a control system (20) of the absorbed power. The control method of the rotation speed of the turbine-centrifugal compressor group performs the following steps: —acting on the centrifugal compressor control system (20) of the absorbed power by means of a first controller (PID-f), in order to keep constant the rotational speed of the compressor mechanically coupled to the expansion turbine; —ensuring that the centrifugal compressor (C) remains in a stable operating condition by means of an admission valve (Vi) of the expansion turbine (TorC).
F04D 17/18 - Centrifugal pumps characterised by use of centrifugal force of liquids entrained in pumps
F04D 29/58 - CoolingHeatingDiminishing heat transfer
F04D 25/04 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
F02C 1/00 - Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
F01D 15/08 - Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
F04D 29/46 - Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
F01D 17/16 - Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
F04D 27/00 - Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
F01K 25/10 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
A rotating turbomachine provided with a fluid sealing device, comprising an extensible/dilatable bellows piston to make a sealing surface abut against a rotor disc, or against the head of the shaft, therefore confining the working fluid in the turbomachine stopped during the respective maintenance operations, is described. A coolant is supplied inside the bellows piston during the normal operations of the machine.
A mixed flow turbine (1) for the expansion phase of steam thermodynamic cycles of an organic Rankine cycle provided with a first section (A) in which a first expansion of a main flow of working fluid takes place, in a substantially radial direction having at least one stator stage (S1, S2, . . . Sn) and at least one rotor stage (R1, R2, . . . Rn) of a second section (B) in which a second expansion of the main flow of the working fluid takes place in a substantially axial direction having at least one stator stage and at least one rotor stage and, between the first and the second section, with at least one angular stator stage (S4) comprising an array of angular blades which deflect the main flow of working fluid from the initial radial direction to a substantially axial direction. The turbine (1) is provided with means for injection (60) and/or means for extraction (70) of a second flow of working fluid, placed in proximity of the stator stage (S4).
F01D 9/06 - Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
F01D 5/04 - Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
F02C 9/18 - Control of working fluid flow by bleeding, by-passing or acting on variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or their stages
F01D 9/04 - NozzlesNozzle boxesStator bladesGuide conduits forming ring or sector
1. Apparatus (1) for gas compression comprising: - a container (2) containing the gas to be compressed; - a first heat exchanger (3) exchanging heat between a high temperature thermal source and the gas, to introduce heat into the gas; - a second heat exchanger (4) exchanging heat between a low temperature thermal source and the gas, to extract heat from the gas; - supply means (5) of the gas at a supply pressure (Pin) and delivery means (6) of the gas at a delivery pressure (Pout) greater than the supply pressure (Pin); - gas permeable means (7, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7e' 7e") configured to accumulate and transfer heat to the gas, and - gas permeable (7) or gas impermeable (8) movable means (7, 8) dividing the container (2) into a first section (2a) in thermal communication with the first heat exchanger (3) and in a second section (2b) in thermal communication with the second heat exchanger (4) and in fluid communication with said supply means (5) and said gas delivery means (6); the apparatus (1) being characterized in that said first heat exchanger (3) and second heat exchanger (4), said gas permeable means (7, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7e ', 7e") and said movable means (7, 8) cooperate to heat and cool the gas, causing it to cyclically flow between the first section (2a) and the second section (2b), to obtain the compression effect of the gas, introduced into the container from a value equal to the supply pressure (Pin), up to a value equal to the discharge pressure (Pout) of the container (2) from a value equal to the supply pressure (Pin) to a value equal to the delivery pressure (Pout) and vice versa.
F01K 3/06 - Use of accumulators and specific engine typesControl thereof the engine being of extraction or non-condensing type
F01K 7/36 - Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of enginePlants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processesControl means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processesUse of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing typeUse of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of positive-displacement type
F01B 11/00 - Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
26.
Method and device for reducing leakage losses in a turbine
A method for reducing the leakage of an organic working fluid operating within a turbine (10) of an Organic Rankine Cycle system, the method comprising the injection of a fluid flow rate (Q) into a volume (I) at a static pressure lower than the total pressure (P1) upstream of the turbine and located near of at least one labyrinth seal (L1, L11) of at least one stage of the turbine (10), said fluid flow rate (Q) having an initial exergetic content lower than the initial exergetic content of the organic working fluid located inside the turbine and flowing through said labyrinth seal (L1, L11).
F01D 11/10 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
F01D 11/04 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
F01D 11/02 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
F01D 11/00 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages
F01D 11/08 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
Apparatus, motors and engines for generating electricity; Generators of electricity, in particular generators of electricity powered by wind, solar energy, gas, geothermal energy, biomass combustion and the organic Rankine cycle; Turbines, other than for land vehicles; Turbogenerators; Heat exchangers [parts of machines]. Steam generating installations; Apparatus for vapour producing installations; Heat regenerators; Heat accumulators; Heat generating apparatus.
Apparatus, motors and engines for generating electricity; Generators of electricity, in particular generators of electricity powered by wind, solar energy, gas, geothermal energy, biomass combustion and the organic Rankine cycle; Turbines, other than for land vehicles; Turbogenerators; Heat exchangers [parts of machines]. Steam generating installations; Apparatus for vapour producing installations; Heat regenerators; Heat accumulators; Heat generating apparatus.
29.
Multistage turbine preferably for organic rankine cycle ORC plants
A turbine of an organic Ranking cycle (ORC) is described. The turbine includes a shaft supported by at least two bearings and a plurality of axial stages of expansion, defined by arrays of stator blades alternated with arrays or rotor blades. The rotor blades are sustained by corresponding supporting disks. A main supporting disk is directly coupled to the shaft in an outer position with respect to the bearings, and the remaining supporting disks are constrained to the main supporting disk, and one to the other in succession, but not directly to the shaft. Some of the remaining supporting disks are constrained to the main supporting disk and cantileverly extend from the same side of the bearings that support the shaft, so that the center of gravity of the rotor part of the turbine is shifted more towards the bearings.
F01D 5/06 - Rotors for more than one axial stage, e.g. of drum or multiple-disc typeDetails thereof, e.g. shafts, shaft connections
F01D 25/24 - CasingsCasing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
F01K 23/10 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
F01K 25/10 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
30.
VARIABLE PASSES HEAT EXCHANGER FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE SYSTEMS
A heat exchanger (100, 110, 110', 120, 130, 140) comprising: - a tube bundle (80, 80') inside which a first fluid of the couple of fluids flows, said first fluid passing through the tube bundle or through its portions according to a variable number of passes, - a shell (13) inside which the tube bundle (80, 80') and the second fluid of the couple of fluids are contained, the second fluid flowing outside of the tube bundle (80, 80'), said shell provided with at least an inlet nozzle and at least one outlet nozzle of said second fluid, - at least a head (70, 70', 70") comprising a variable number of separating baffles, fixed or movable, and at least one inlet nozzle and at least one outlet nozzle of said first fluid, the heat exchanger (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) being configured so as to be able to vary the number of passes of the first fluid without having to open one of the two heads and/or remove one of the two fluids from the heat exchanger.
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
31.
Method for the calculation of the working fluid loss in an Organic Rankine cycle plant
Method for the calculation of the working fluid loss in an organic Rankine cycle plant, comprising at least one evaporator (1), a preheater (5), a turbine (2), a condenser (3), a pump (4), a collecting well (7) and a process piping (8), wherein said working fluid, when the plant is stopped, is in part present in known volumes inside the plant and partly drained in at least a storage tank (6) comprising at least three rooms or volumes: —a first volume (Vck) for storing the fluid to be measured, —a second volume (Vc) having a restricted section for measuring the volume of fluid stored in said first volume (Vck), —a third volume (Vckd) containing the portion of the fluid already measured, wherein, in said method, the working fluid loss of the plant is calculated as the difference between the fluid amount measured in two different instants of time.
F01D 21/00 - Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergencyRegulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
F01K 13/00 - General layout or general methods of operation, of complete steam engine plants
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
32.
Seal arrangement in a turbine and method for confining the operating fluid
A turbine of an organic Ranking cycle ORC is described, the turbine comprising a shaft supported by bearings and a plurality of seals arranged round the shaft for confining the operating fluid expanding in the turbine. The seals define at least four axially consecutive chambers. The operating fluid, with function of barrier fluid, is fed into one of the chambers adjacent to turbine stages; a gas, preferably inert, is fed into one of the chambers adjacent to the bearings, and the corresponding seals are gas seals. This configuration prevents the operating fluid from any kind of contamination by the lubricant used for the bearings, and avoids polluting the environment.
F01D 11/04 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
F01D 25/32 - Collecting of condensation waterDrainage
F01K 25/00 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
33.
CONTROL METHOD OF A COMPRESSOR MECHANICALLY COUPLED TO A TURBINE
A control method of a centrifugal compressor (C) mechanically coupled to an expansion turbine (TorC), the centrifugal compressor (C) being provided with at least a control system (20) of the absorbed power. The control method of the rotation speed of the turbine - centrifugal compressor group performs the following steps: - acting on the centrifugal compressor control system (20) of the absorbed power by means of a first controller (PID-f), in order to keep constant the rotational speed of the compressor mechanically coupled to the expansion turbine; - ensuring that the centrifugal compressor (C) remains in a stable operating condition by means of an admission valve (Vi) of the expansion turbine (TorC).
An organic Rankine cycle system (100, 110, 120) with direct exchange and in cascade comprising a high temperature organic Rankine cycle (10) which carries out the direct heat exchange with a hot source (H) and a low temperature organic Rankine cycle (10') in thermal communication with the high temperature cycle (10). The organic Rankine cycle system (100, 110, 120) is configured in a way that the thermal communication between the cycles (10, 10') takes place through at least one heat exchanger (3) configured to use at least the condensation heat of the high temperature cycle to vaporize and/or preheat the working fluid of the low temperature organic Rankine cycle fluid and through a heat exchanger (4) configured to operate as working fluid sub-cooler for the high temperature organic Rankine cycle (10) and as a working fluid preheater for the low temperature organic Rankine cycle (10').
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
F01K 25/10 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
F01K 23/04 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
F01K 23/02 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
A binary geothermal system (100) comprising: - at least one organic Rankine cycle (10) having at least one supply pump (PUMP) for feeding an organic working fluid, in liquid phase, of at least one heat exchanger (EV1) for heating the organic working fluid until its transformation vapor phase and to its eventual overheating, an expansion turbine to expand the organic working fluid vapor, a condenser (CON) bringing in a liquid phase the organic working fluid, - a geothermal source (20) comprising a geothermal liquid and a geothermal vapor, wherein the organic working fluid is vaporized directly or indirectly through a flow (S1) of geothermal vapor in the heat exchanger (EV1) and is preheated by a flow of geothermal liquid (B1) in a first pre-heater (PRE1), and the organic working fluid is preheated also in a second pre-heater (PRE2) which exploits the thermal energy contained in a flow rate (S4) formed by the gas mixture and by the geothermal vapor fraction (S2) which is not condensed, and exit from the heat exchanger (EV1) or by a exchanger (DC).
F01K 23/02 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
An organic Rankine cycle system (10,100, 110, 120) which uses an organic working fluid utilizing an organic working fluid and provided with a feed pump (1) of the organic working fluid in a liquid phase, a heat exchanger (2), which exchanges heat between a hot source and the organic working fluid exiting from the working exchanger in the vapor phase, an expansion turbine (3), which expands the vapor of the organic working fluid, a condenser (5), the condensation heat of which is used for cogeneration purposes for temperatures higher than 120°C. The organic working fluid comprises, in combination or alternatively, toluene, diphenyl, diphenyl oxide, terphenyl, quadriphenyl, linear hydrocarbons, siloxanes, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, phenilcycloexane, bicyclohexyl and perfluoropolyethers.
F01K 23/10 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
F01K 25/06 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
A mixed flow turbine (1) for the expansion phase of steam thermodynamic cycles of an organic Rankine cycle provided with a first section (A) in which a first expansion of a main flow of working fluid takes place, in a substantially radial direction having at least one stator stage (S1, S2, … Sn) and at least one rotor stage (R1, R2, … Rn) of a second section (B) in which a second expansion of the main flow of the working fluid takes place in a substantially axial direction having at least one stator stage and at least one rotor stage and, between the first and the second section, with at least one angular stator stage (S4) comprising an array of angular blades which deflect the main flow of working fluid from the initial radial direction to a substantially axial direction. The turbine (1) is provided with means for injection (60) and/or means for extraction (70) of a second flow of working fluid, placed in proximity of the stator stage (S4).
F01D 5/04 - Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
F02C 9/18 - Control of working fluid flow by bleeding, by-passing or acting on variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or their stages
F02C 3/30 - Adding water, steam or other fluids to the combustible ingredients or to the working fluid before discharge from the turbine
38.
DIRECT HEAT EXCHANGER FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE SYSTEMS
Heat exchanger (100) to direct exchange between hot gases of a hot source and a working fluid of an Organic Rankine Cycle system, comprising at least two tube bundles (200, 201) having a plurality of tubes (106) inside them the working fluid flows, an inlet manifold (103) from which the working fluid enters and an outlet manifold (105) from which the working fluid in a vapor phase comes out, said heat exchanger (100) also comprising: a first portion (102) crossed downward along the vertical direction of the heat exchanger (100) by the hot gases a second portion (101) crossed upward along he vertical direction of the heat exchanger (100) by the hot gases coming from the portion (102), an intermediate manifold (104) positioned between a last row of tubes (110) of the second portion (101) and a first row of tubes (111) of the first portion (102).
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
F22B 15/00 - Water-tube boilers of horizontal type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged horizontally
F22B 21/02 - Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially-straight water tubes
F22B 21/40 - Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes arranged in a comparatively long vertical shaft, i.e. tower boilers
39.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REDUCING LEAKAGE LOSSES IN A TURBINE
A method for reducing the leakage of an organic working fluid operating within a turbine (10) of an Organic Rankine Cycle system, the method comprising the injection of a fluid flow rate (Q) into a volume (I) at a static pressure lower than the total pressure (PI) upstream of the turbine and located near of at least one labyrinth seal (LI, Ll l) of at least one stage of the turbine (10), said fluid flow rate (Q) having an initial exergetic content lower than the initial exergetic content of the organic working fluid located inside the turbine and flowing through said labyrinth seal (LI, Ll l).
F01D 11/02 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
F01D 11/04 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
F01D 11/10 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
40.
METHOD FOR THE CALCULATION OF THE WORKING FLUID LOSS IN AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE PLANT
Method for the calculation of the working fluid loss in an organic Rankine cycle plant, comprising at least one evaporator (1), a preheater (5), a turbine (2), a condenser (3), a pump (4), a collecting well (7) and a process piping (8), wherein said working fluid, when the plant is stopped, is in part present in known volumes inside the plant and partly drained in at least a storage tank (6) comprising at least three rooms or volumes: - a first volume (Vck) for storing the fluid to be measured, - a second volume (Vc) having a restricted section for measuring the volume of fluid stored in said first volume (Vck), - a third volume (Vckd) containing the portion of the fluid already measured, wherein, in said method, the working fluid loss of the plant is calculated as the difference between the fluid amount measured in two different instants of time.
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
41.
SEAL ARRANGEMENT IN A TURBINE AND METHOD FOR CONFINING THE OPERATING FLUID
A turbine of an organic Ranking cycle ORC is described, the turbine comprising a shaft supported by bearings and a plurality of seals arranged round the shaft for confining the operating fluid expanding in the turbine. The seals define at least four axially consecutive chambers. The operating fluid, with function of barrier fluid, is fed into one of the chambers adjacent to turbine stages; a gas, preferably inert, is fed into one of the chambers adjacent to the bearings, and the corresponding seals are gas seals. This configuration prevents the operating fluid from any kind of contamination by the lubricant used for the bearings, and avoids polluting the environment.
F01D 11/04 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
F16J 15/40 - Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
42.
TURBINE FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES HAVING IMPROVED CENTERING BETWEEN CASING AND SHAFT TUBE MEMBER
A turbine (100) for expanding a working fluid in an organic Rankine cycle, comprising a casing (10), inside of which at least a statoric group is accommodated, a turbine shaft (15) contained inside a tube member (20) and carrying at least a rotoric group, contained within the casing (10), wherein said tube member (20) and said casing (10) are each other axially pushed and radially centered. The centering between the tube member (20) and the casing (10) is made by means of a plurality of centering tabs (40, 50") housed in corresponding centering bushings (50, 50'), in turn accommodated in corresponding seats (60, 60') formed in the casing (10) and in the tube member (20), wherein said tabs allow a relative displacement in the radial direction but not in the tangential direction of the tube member (20) with respect to the casing (10).
A combined control method of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) plant, wherein the plant comprises at least a feed pump (1), a heat exchanger (2), an expansion turbine (3) and a condenser (5); the heat exchanger (2) and the turbine (3) being in fluid dynamic connection by means of at least one admission line (7) which is provided with an admission valve (AV); and the heat exchanger (2) and the condenser (5) being in fluid connection by means of at least one by-pass line (8) which is provided with a by-pass valve (BV). The Organic Rankine Cycle includes a step of feeding an organic working fluid, a step of heating and / or vaporization of the same working fluid, an expansion phase and a step of condensation of the same working fluid. The proposed method regulates the power supplied from plant determining an opening degree (%AV) of the admission valve (AV) as a function of a set point value of the required power and determining an opening degree of the by-pass valve (% BV) as a function of the opening degree (% AV) of the admission valve (AV), so that the total flow rate of the organic working fluid remains substantially constant during changing of the power supply output.
F01K 13/02 - Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
44.
MULTISTAGE TURBINE PREFERABLY FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE ORC PLANTS
A turbine of an organic Ranking cycle ORC is described. The turbine comprises a shaft supported by at least two bearings and a plurality of axial stages of expansion, defined by arrays of stator blades alternated with arrays or rotor blades. The rotor blades are sustained by corresponding supporting disks. A main supporting disk is directly coupled to the shaft in an outer position with respect to the bearings, and the remaining supporting disks are constrained to the main supporting disk, and one to the other in succession, but not directly to the shaft. The proposed solution allows a cantilevered configuration of the turbine to be obtained while still having a plurality of stages, even more than three if desired. The turbine allows to expand the working fluid with high enthalpy jump similar to that obtainable by the conventional multistage axial turbines, which are not cantilevered, or by two coupled axial turbines, other conditions being unchanged. Some of the remaining supporting disks are constrained to the main supporting disk and cantileverly extend from the same side of the bearings that support the shaft, so that the center of gravity of the rotor part of the turbine is more shifted towards the bearings.
An embodiment of the present invention is a method of controlling an Organic Rankine Cycle system, the system comprising at least one feed pump (2), at least one heat exchanger (3), an expansion turbine (5) and a condenser (6), the organic Rankine Cycle comprising a feeding phase of an organic working fluid, a heating and vaporization phase of the same working fluid, an expansion and condensation phase of the same working fluid, wherein said method controls an adjusted variable (X), which is a function of an overheating of the organic fluid, by means of a controller (20) that acts by varying a control variable (Y), which is a parameter of the organic fluid in its liquid phase, and wherein the adjusted variable (X) is a temperature difference (ΔT) between a current temperature of the organic fluid in vapor phase at the turbine inlet and a temperature threshold (Tlim), under which the expansion phase involves the formation of a liquid phase of the organic fluid.
F01K 13/02 - Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
F01K 11/02 - Steam engine plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
46.
TURBINE FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES WITH AXIAL INPUT AND OUTPUT
Expansion turbine (100) for a working fluid in an organic Rankine cycle, comprising a housing (21), at least one inlet duct (10) for working fluid feeding and an outlet duct (20) for working fluid discharge, at least one statoric group (22) comprising a statoric blades array (23), at least a rotoric group (24), comprising corresponding rotoric blades array (25), respectively upstream and downstream of the working fluid direction, and a turbine shaft (26) which supports the rotoric group and being said turbine (100), characterized in that at least one end portion (10 ", 14) of the inlet duct (10), in fluid connection with an inlet opening (101) of the turbine (100), is oriented in an axial direction and at least an initial portion (20 ') of the outlet duct (20) in fluid connection with an outlet opening (102) of the turbine (100), is oriented in the axial direction and that said end portions (10 ", 14) of the inlet duct (10) and said initial portion (20 ') of the outlet duct (20) are both arranged on one end of the housing (21).
F01D 1/04 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
F01D 9/04 - NozzlesNozzle boxesStator bladesGuide conduits forming ring or sector
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Engines and motors for the generation of electricity;
generators of electricity, namely, wind-powered electricity
generators, solar-powered electricity generators, gas
operated power generators, geothermic powered electricity
generators, biomass combustion powered electricity
generators and organic rankine cycle powered electricity
generators; turbines other than for land vehicles; turbo
generators. Apparatus and instruments for conveying, distributing,
transforming, storing, regulating or controlling electric
current. Engineering services, namely, engineering for the field of
electricity generation; technology consultation and research
in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of
electricity; design and development of computer hardware and
software in the field of engines and apparatus for the
generation of electricity.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Engines and motors for the generation of electricity;
generators of electricity, namely wind-powered electricity
generators, solar-powered electricity generators, gas
operated power generators, geothermic powered electricity
generators, biomass combustion powered electricity
generators and organic rankine cycle powered electricity
generators; turbines other than for land vehicles; turbo
generators. Apparatus and instruments for conveying, distributing,
transforming, storing, regulating or controlling electric
current. Engineering services, namely, engineering for the field of
electricity generation; technology consultation and research
in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of
electricity; design and development of computer hardware and
software in the field of engines and apparatus for the
generation of electricity.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Engines and motors for the generation of electricity; generators of electricity, namely, wind-powered electricity generators, solar-powered electricity generators, gas operated power generators, geothermic powered electricity generators, biomass combustion powered electricity generators and organic rankine cycle powered electricity generators; turbines other than for land vehicles; turbo generators Apparatus and instruments for conveying, distributing, transforming, storing, regulating or controlling electric current Engineering services, namely, engineering for the field of electricity generation; technology consultation and research in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of electricity; design and development of computer hardware and software in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of electricity
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Engines and motors for the generation of electricity; generators of electricity, namely, wind-powered electricity generators, solar-powered electricity generators, gas operated power generators, geothermic powered electricity generators, biomass combustion powered electricity generators and organic rankine cycle powered electricity generators; turbines other than for land vehicles; turbo generators Apparatus and instruments for conveying, distributing, transforming, storing, regulating or controlling electric current Engineering services, namely, engineering for the field of electricity generation; technology consultation and research in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of electricity; design and development of computer hardware and software in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of electricity
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Engines and motors for the generation of electricity; generators of electricity, namely, wind-powered electricity generators, solar-powered electricity generators, gas operated power generators, geothermic powered electricity generators, biomass combustion powered electricity generators and organic Rankine cycle powered electricity generators; turbines other than for land vehicles; turbogenerators. Apparatus and instruments for conveying, distributing, transforming, storing, regulating or controlling electric current. Engineering services, namely, engineering for the field of electricity generation; technology consultation and research in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of electricity; design and development of computer hardware and software in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of electricity.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Engines and motors for the generation of electricity; generators of electricity, namely, wind-powered electricity generators, solar-powered electricity generators, gas operated power generators, geothermic powered electricity generators, biomass combustion powered electricity generators and organic Rankine cycle powered electricity generators; turbines other than for land vehicles; turbogenerators. Apparatus and instruments for conveying, distributing, transforming, storing, regulating or controlling electric current. Engineering services, namely, engineering for the field of electricity generation; technology consultation and research in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of electricity; design and development of computer hardware and software in the field of engines and apparatus for the generation of electricity.
53.
MULTISTAGE TURBINE PREFERABLY FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE ORC PLANTS
A turbine of an organic Ranking cycle (ORC) including a shaft supported by at least two bearings and a plurality of axial stages of expansion, defined by arrays of stator blades altemated with arrays or rotor blades. The rotor blades are sustained by corresponding supporting disks. A main supporting disk is directly coupled to the shaft in an outer position with respect to the bearings, and the remaining supporting disks are constrained to the main supporting disk, and one to the other in succession, but not directly to the shaft. Some of the rernaining supporting disks are constrained to the main supporting disk and cantileverly extend from the sarne side of the bearings that support the shaft, so that the center of gravity of the rotor part of the turbine is shifted rnore towards the bearings.
A turbine of an organic Ranking cycle ORC is described, the turbine comprising a shaft supported by bearings and a plurality of seals arranged round the shaft for confining the operating fluid expanding in the turbine. The seals define at least four axially consecutive chambers. The operating fluid, with function of barrier fluid, is fed into one of the chambers adjacent to turbine stages; a gas, preferably inert, is fed into one of the chambers adjacent to the bearings, and the corresponding seals are gas seals. This configuration prevents the operating fluid from any kind of contamination by the lubricant used for the bearings, and avoids polluting the environment.
F01D 11/04 - Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
It is described a method for expanding an organic operating fluid in a Rankine cycle, comprising the step of feeding the operating fluid to a turbine provided with a plurality of arrays of stator blades alternating with a plurality of arrays of rotor blades, to define corresponding turbine stages, constrained to a shaft which rotates on the respective rotation axis. Advantageously the method comprises the further steps of: a) causing a first expansion of the operating fluid in one or more radial stages of the turbine, b) diverting the operating fluid exiting from the radial stages in a direction axial and tangential with respect to the rotation axis, and c) causing a second fluid expansion in one or more axial stages of the turbine. Step b) corresponds to an enthalpy change of the operating fluid equal to at least 50% of the average enthalpy change provided for completing the fluid expansion in the turbine. It is further described a turbine for expanding an organic operating fluid in a Rankine cycle, which allows to carry out the method above.
F01D 1/04 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
F01D 1/06 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D 1/12 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor with repeated action on same blade ring
F01D 9/04 - NozzlesNozzle boxesStator bladesGuide conduits forming ring or sector
F01K 25/10 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
F28B 1/06 - Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separated from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
F28B 9/08 - Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
F28B 9/10 - Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for extracting, cooling, and removing non-condensable gases
F28D 1/053 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
57.
TURBINE WITH CENTRIPETAL AND CENTRIFUGAL EXPANSION STAGES AND RELATED METHOD
A turbine (1), at least partially centrifugal, for the expansion of a compressible operating fluid, for example gas or steam. At least one group of stages (5), named centrifugal stages, extends in a radial direction with respect to the axis X-X to carry out the centrifugal expansion of the operating fluid. Advantageously, the turbine comprises a group of stages, named centripetal stages (4), extending in a radial direction to carry out a first expansion of the operating fluid centripetally in the radial direction. Moreover, all the arrays of rotor blades are constrained to the shaft (2) at an end thereof, anyway not in the area between the bearings (9), i.e. according to a so-called "cantilevered" configuration and particularly advantageous to carry out maintenance operations. The proposed solution allows high efficiencies to be achieved by a compact turbine. A corresponding method for expanding the operating fluid is further described.
F01D 1/08 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially having inward flow
F01D 1/14 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor with repeated action on same blade ring traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
F01D 5/04 - Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
F01D 9/04 - NozzlesNozzle boxesStator bladesGuide conduits forming ring or sector
A rotating turbomachine provided with a fluid sealing device, comprising an extensible/dilatable bellows piston to make a sealing surface abut against a rotor disc, or against the head of the shaft, therefore confining the working fluid in the turbomachine stopped during the respective maintenance operations, is described. A coolant is supplied inside the bellows piston during the normal operations of the machine.
Axial turbine (100) with two supply levels for the expansion phase of a working fluid in a thermodynamic vapor cycle or in an organic Rankine cycle comprising a shaft (2), a plurality of rotor blade arrays (R1-Rn) and corresponding support disks (21, 22), a plurality of stator blade arrays (S1-Sn), further comprising a first inlet opening (5) and a second inlet opening (7'). The second volute (4) is positioned inside the first volute (3), the working fluid of the second supply level reaching upstream of a stator blade (S2, S3... Sn) any subsequent to the first stage, and the vapor flow of the first supply level and that of the second supply level are conveyed so as to be substantially parallel to each other according to an axial direction upstream of a stator blade (S2, S3... Sn).
F01D 1/02 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor
F01D 1/12 - Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor with repeated action on same blade ring
