Abstract

A method (300), a device onboarding system (103), a computer program product, and a parent charger (102A-102N) for bulk onboarding onto a cloud-based system (107), devices (101A-101N, 102A-102N), having at least one parent device (102A-102N)) capable of communicating with the cloud-based system (107) and/or child device(s) (101A-101N) connected to the parent device (102A-102N), are provided, and include obtaining, from the parent device (102A-102N) onboarding parameters associated with each of the devices (101A-101N, 102A-102N), dynamically obtaining device verification data, having at least a certificate associated with each of the devices (101A-101N, 102A-102N), based on the onboarding parameters from a device verification system (105), validating the onboarding parameters based on the device verification data, and establishing a connection between the parent device (102A-102N) and the cloud-based system (107) for onboarding the devices (101A-101N, 102A-102N), upon validation.

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 53/50 - Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
• B60L 53/60 - Monitoring or controlling charging stations
• B60L 53/66 - Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
• G06F 15/16 - Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
• G06F 21/44 - Program or device authentication
• H04L 9/40 - Network security protocols
• H04W 4/44 - Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
• H04W 76/11 - Allocation or use of connection identifiers

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (PRC) for monitoring the operation of a machine (MCH), in particular of a motor (ENG) or electrically driven motor (EEG). To improve the monitoring, the method proposes a method of this type comprising the following steps: c) training phase (TPH): i. providing training data (TDT) comprising state variables (PHC) of multiple operating points (OPP) of the machine (MCH), ii. recognizing and combining operating points (OPP) in the training data (TDT) through clustering (CLS) to form operating-point clusters (OCL), iii. training a classifier (CLF), which assigns operating points (OPP) to the recognized operating-point clusters (OCL), iv. training an anomaly recognition model (ARM) for recognizing operating anomalies, d) application phase: i. recording operating data (OPD) comprising state variables (PHC) of operating points (OPP) of the machine (MCH) in an operating state, ii. assigning the operating data (OPD) to the operating-point clusters (OCL) using the classifier (CLF), recognizing operating anomalies using the anomaly recognition model (ARM).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/08 - Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
• G05B 23/02 - Electric testing or monitoring
• G06N 3/02 - Neural networks

Abstract

The current disclosure describes a network device for connecting a plurality of industrial devices to a wireless communication network, The network device comprises a frontend radio interface capable of connecting to the plurality of industrial devices over one or more wireless communication channels for transmitting data to and receiving data from the plurality of industrial devices, a backend network interface connected to a central network core associated with the wireless communication network over a communication channel, and one or more secondary network functions for managing a plurality of connections with the industrial devices. The central network core comprises one or more network functions for managing the wireless communication network. The one or more secondary network functions are configured based on the one or more network functions of the central network core.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 67/00 - Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
• H04L 67/125 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
• H04L 67/561 - Adding application-functional data or data for application control, e.g. adding metadata
• H04W 4/50 - Service provisioning or reconfiguring

Abstract

The current disclosure describes a method of communicating between a first radio unit and a first distributed unit of an operational wireless network in an industrial facility. The method comprises providing a dedicated wireless subnetwork associated with the first radio unit, receiving at least one data packet from a user device, wherein the at least one data packet is associated with one of a first user plane and a first control plane with the operational wireless network and transmitting the at least one data packet to the first distributed unit via a second user plane of the dedicated wireless subnetwork. The dedicated wireless subnetwork comprises a dedicated user device connected to the first radio unit and a dedicated base station including a dedicated radio unit connected to the dedicated user device. The configuration of the second user plane is distinct from the configuration of the first user plane.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
• H04W 84/04 - Large scale networksDeep hierarchical networks
• H04W 88/08 - Access point devices

Abstract

The invention relates to an antimicrobial protective layer for protecting a substrate surface of a substrate, the protective layer having at least one antimicrobial reagent having a reagent coloring and at least one inert inorganic color pigment having a color-pigment coloring different from the reagent coloring, and the reagent concentration of the reagent in the protective layer and the color-pigment concentration of the inorganic color pigment in the protective layer being selected in such a way that a protective-layer coloring of the protective layer differs from the reagent coloring. The invention also relates to a substrate having the protective layer for protecting a substrate surface of the substrate. The object is, for example, an object of a public means of transportation or an object of an infrastructure installation used by multiple persons. In addition, the invention also relates to a method for producing the substrate having the protective layer, comprising the following method steps: a) providing a starting substrate having a starting-substrate surface and b) arranging the protective layer on the starting-substrate surface. By means of the invention, surfaces to be protected can be designed in any color. A spraying method is preferably used for the application. For flexible substrates (e.g. made of a nonwoven material), a roll-to-roll method can be used.

IPC Classes  ?

• A01N 59/16 - Heavy metalsCompounds thereof
• C09D 5/14 - Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
• C09D 7/61 - Additives non-macromolecular inorganic

Abstract

The present invention provides a determining method and apparatus for a work-ing voltage of an isolated neutral system. A power system includes three phase wires and three capacitor banks. One terminal of each capacitor bank is connected to one phase wire, and the respective other terminals of the capacitor banks areconnected to one another to form a neutral point. Each capacitor bank includes a plurality of capacitors. The method includes: periodically sampling a phase volt-age of each phase wire, to obtain a plurality of groups of sampling values of re-al-time phase voltages, where each group of sampling values of real-time phase voltages includes a sampling value of a phase voltage of each phase wire that is obtained by simultaneously measuring each phase wire; determining unbalance rates between the capacitor banks based on the plurality of groups of sampling values of real-time phase voltages, where the unbalance rate is a ratio between capacitance values of every two phase wires; and determining a working voltage of the isolated neutral system based on the unbalance rates. The unbalance rates between the capacitor banks are obtained based on the sampling values of the phase voltages measured in real time, and the working voltage is accurately de-termined based on the unbalance rates, so that subsequent operations can be ac-curately performed.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 27/26 - Measuring inductance or capacitanceMeasuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance methodMeasuring loss factorMeasuring dielectric constants
• G01R 31/42 - AC power supplies
• G01R 31/64 - Testing of capacitors
• H02H 3/353 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to difference between voltages or between currentsEmergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system involving comparison of phase voltages
• H02H 7/16 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for capacitors

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a planar structure (2), comprising the following steps: - printing a green body (6) of the structure (2) onto a surface (8) of a carrier substrate (10) by means of a screen printing method (4); - removing the green body (6) from the carrier substrate (10); and - thermally treating the green body in order to convert the green body into the planar structure; characterized in that temperature control of the carrier substrate (10) is carried out in such a way that a temperature gradient (14) is produced on the carrier substrate surface (8) below the green body (6), which gradient is at least 0.5 K/mm along a surface plane (16) and has an extent (17) in the surface plane (16) of at least 10 mm.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01F 41/02 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils or magnets
• H01F 41/16 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates the magnetic material being applied in the form of particles, e.g. by serigraphy

Abstract

The invention relates to a method, a device and a computer program product for determining the average capacity loss of a battery storage device. First, the determination of a capacity loss over at least two loading cycles is carried out. A loading cycle comprises the discharging, the charging and again the discharging of a battery storage device between a lower and an upper voltage. According to the invention, the voltage is determined by means of a high-precision coulometry device. A first charge displacement and a second charge displacement are determined based on the measurements. A capacity loss is determined based on the charge displacements. These steps are carried out until the capacity loss in at least two loading cycles is essentially constant. An average capacity loss is determined based on at least two capacity losses.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/367 - Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
• G01R 31/392 - Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health

Abstract

A differential protection device monitors a first object to be protected in an electrical energy supply network. The differential protection device has a measuring unit configured to acquire measurement values at one end of the first object to be protected, a communication unit configured to exchange measurement values with a differential protection device arranged at another end of the first object to be protected, the communication unit has a physical interface for transmitting and receiving the measurement values, and an evaluation unit configured to form a differential value and to generate a fault signal indicating a fault with regard to the first object to be protected if the differential value exceeds a predefined threshold value. Ideally, the differential protection device is configured to monitor further objects to be protected and to exchange respective further measurement values with regard to each further object to be protected.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02H 3/30 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to difference between voltages or between currentsEmergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus using pilot wires or other signalling channel
• H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the networkCircuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for analyzing an electrode layer of a battery storage device, to a method for producing a battery storage device, to a production unit, and to a computer program product. The method for analyzing an electrode layer for a battery storage device in an electrode layer production device has multiple steps. First, a hyperspectral camera is provided which captures pixels. An image with at least two pixels of the electrode layer is then captured, wherein a first pixel indicates a first location of the electrode layer, and a second pixel indicates a second location of the electrode layer. The first location and the second location are arranged adjacently to each other. A computing unit is then used to determine a first material property of the electrode layer at the first location on the basis of the first pixel and a second material property of the electrode layer at the second location on the basis of the second pixel. The material properties at the first location and the second location are compared, and a comparison value is ascertained. A characteristic property of the electrode layer is ascertained on the basis of the comparison value. The method for producing a battery storage device includes the aforementioned method for analyzing the electrode layer. At least one production condition is then adapted in order to produce the electrode layer on the basis of at least two characteristic properties and/or at least two quality values in at least two different quality classes.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61B 5/03 - Measuring fluid pressure within the body other than blood pressure, e.g. cerebral pressure
• G01J 3/00 - SpectrometrySpectrophotometryMonochromatorsMeasuring colours
• G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
• G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications
• G01N 21/88 - Investigating the presence of flaws, defects or contamination
• G01N 21/89 - Investigating the presence of flaws, defects or contamination in moving material, e.g. paper, textiles
• H01M 4/139 - Processes of manufacture
• H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells

Abstract

The invention relates to a material layer for an electric machine, the material layer (2) comprising a first ply (4), which has a first material (6) in a planar extent, which first material is adjoined by a second material (8) along the planar extent, the two materials (6, 8) being integrally joined to each other along a first joint path (10), and the first material (6) having a lower relative permeability µ? than the second material (8), characterized in that the material layer (2) has a second ply (12), which is integrally bonded to the first ply (4) and at least partly covers the first ply on a planar side (14) and which likewise comprises at least two materials, a third material (16) and a fourth material (18), which in turn are joined along a second joint path (20) along a planar extent, the region of the third material (16) or the region of the fourth material (18) at least partly overlapping with the first joint path (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 1/02 - Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material

Abstract

In a method for producing a material layer with a void, a first suspension containing a binder is applied through a first opening in a first template and a second suspension containing a binder and solid particles is applied through a second opening in a second template. The first opening in the first template is completely contained within the second opening in the second template such that the second suspension completely surrounds the first suspension to produce a green body. The green body containing the first and second suspensions is sintered such that the first suspension is evaporated to provide the void and permanent cohesion of the solid particles in the second suspension is achieved.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01F 41/16 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates the magnetic material being applied in the form of particles, e.g. by serigraphy

Abstract

The invention relates to a charging device (1) and to a method for operating such a charging device (1). The charging device (1) has at least one first and one second charging connection (2-1, 2-2), a plurality of power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N) and a primary switch arrangement (5) connected between the charging connections and the power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N). The primary switch arrangement (5) is designed to connect a first group of power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N) having a variably selectable first number of power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N) to the first charging connection (2-1) and to connect a second group of power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N) having a variably selectable second number of power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N) to the second charging connection (2-2), depending on control signals from the control unit (6) which are received at the control inputs. According to the invention, the control unit (6) is designed to check a rapid disconnection condition for each charging connection (2-1, 2-2), to identify a causative charging connection (2-1, 2-2) of the first and second charging connections (2-1, 2-2) in the event of a positive checking result of the rapid disconnection condition, and to disconnect the first group of power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N) and to leave the second group of power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N) connected if the causative charging connection (2-1, 2-2) is the first charging connection (2-1), and to disconnect the second group of power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N) and to leave the first group of power converters (4-1, 4-2, 4-3,..., 4-N) connected if the causative charging connection (2-1, 2-2) is the second charging connection (2-2).

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 53/30 - Constructional details of charging stations
• B60L 53/60 - Monitoring or controlling charging stations

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a system for occupancy determination of parking spots of a parking area. The approach utilizes a vehicle detection step VDS of processing an actual image IMA of the parking area to detect one or more vehicles in the actual image IMA, resulting in an actual vehicle representation VRep. The actual occupancy distribution is determined in an occupancy determination step ODS of processing the actual vehicle representation VRep and an earlier generated general layout GLPA of the parking area. The general layout GLPA is automatically calculated in a spot clustering approach based on a plurality of earlier determined representations VRep.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06Q 10/00 - AdministrationManagement

Abstract

A DC/DC converter system and control method for a full-bridge DC/DC converter are provided. The DC/DC converter system comprises a full-bridge DC/DC converter and a switch control circuit (140), the full-bridge DC/DC converter comprising at least a primary side full-bridge circuit (110), a secondary side full-bridge circuit (120) and a transformer (130). The switch control circuit (140) is configured to: control the primary side full-bridge circuit (110) and the secondary side full-bridge circuit (120) to operate in a normal operating phase; control the primary side full-bridge circuit (110) and the secondary side full-bridge circuit (120) to operate in a free-wheeling phase; and control the primary side full-bridge circuit (110) and the secondary side full-bridge circuit (120) to switch between the normal operating phase and the free-wheeling phase alternately. Thus, the magnetic saturation phenomenon is avoided without involving complicated measurement requirements while the energy transfer efficiency is guaranteed.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 3/28 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
• H02M 3/325 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
• H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

Abstract

An electrical power supply system, in particular for a microgrid, includes a DC bus, and a first rectifier and a second rectifier, with the first and second rectifiers each supplying power to the DC bus. The first rectifier is a diode rectifier and the second rectifier has switchable power semiconductors. The electrical power supply system further includes a generator supplying power to both rectifiers. The rectifiers can be connected at different times according to a load.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02J 1/10 - Parallel operation of dc sources
• H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
• H02P 9/00 - Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
• H02P 9/02 - Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output Details

Abstract

The invention relates to a telescopic strut (T), in particular for a device for lifting loads, in particular for a hanger for vehicles or vehicle parts, wherein the telescopic strut (T) consists of an outer tube (AR) and an inner tube (IR) guided therein, wherein the inner tube (IR) is movable in a longitudinal direction in the outer tube (AR). In this case, a number of sliding shoes (G) are attached to the outer tube (AR) to guide the inner tube (IR), wherein the sliding shoes (G) have each been introduced from the outside into an opening in the wall of the outer tube (AR) and protrude inwardly to guide the inner tube (IR). This solution, which is structurally simple and therefore inexpensive to produce, has good sliding properties, has little guide play and is easy to maintain.

IPC Classes  ?

• B66C 13/06 - Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or for preventing cable slack for minimising or preventing longitudinal or transverse swinging of loads

Abstract

A drive unit is provided for a moving contact of a vacuum tube. The drive unit has a tube pin which is conductively connected to the moving contact, a drive which is connected to the tube pin, and a conductor bridge. The drive moves the tube pin. The conductor bridge is directly conductively connected to the tube pin and a stationary conductor and bridges a travel of the tube pin between a conductive switching state of the vacuum tube and a non-conductive switching state. A magnet drive is provided, which contains a first magnet element, which is connected to the tube pin, and a second magnet element. The two magnet elements are configured to build up a magnetic force between them when current is flowing through the vacuum tube and in this way generates a contact-pressure force of the moving contact onto a fixed contact of the vacuum tube.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01H 33/666 - Operating arrangements
• H01H 50/16 - Magnetic circuit arrangements
• H01J 37/147 - Arrangements for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path

Abstract

Examples of techniques for event prediction in a control communication network are disclosed. Aspects include determining state data associated with one or more devices associated with a control communication network, generating, by a machine learning model, a feature vector comprising a plurality of features extracted from the state data, and determining one or more event predictions associated with the control communication network based at least in part on the feature vector.

IPC Classes  ?

• G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
• H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the networkCircuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
• H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
• H04L 67/125 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network

Abstract

The invention relates to a switchgear (1) with an optical monitoring system (20) for examining the switchgear switching position, wherein the switchgear (1) has at least one isolating switch (420), the at least one isolating switch (420) is accommodated in an encapsulated housing (400), the encapsulated housing (400) is arranged in an installation housing (3), and the encapsulated housing (400) has a first transparent window (410) in one region, wherein a fiber-optic system leads from an outer side of the installation housing (3) to the first transparent window (410).

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 23/26 - Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes using light guides
• H01H 9/16 - Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
• H01H 33/64 - Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein the break is in gas

Abstract

The invention relates to a switchgear (1) with a modular optical monitoring system (20) for examining the switchgear switching positions, wherein the switchgear (1) has at least one isolating switch (420), the at least one isolating switch (420) is accommodated in an encapsulated housing (400), the encapsulated housing (400) is arranged in an installation housing (3), and the encapsulated housing (400) has a first transparent window (410) in one region, wherein a fiber-optic system leads from an outer side of the installation housing (3) to the first transparent window (410).

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 23/26 - Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes using light guides
• H01H 9/16 - Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
• H01H 33/64 - Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein the break is in gas

Abstract

Disclosed is an improved electrical power conversion system for converting a high voltage (HV) from a HV electrical power supply to a low voltage, wherein the electrical power conversion system comprises: at least one power converter, and at least one RC network comprising a plurality of resistive components and a plurality of capacitive components electrically connected in series, wherein the at least one RC network is in series connection with the at least one power converter, and the at least one RC network and at least one power converter are arranged to be connected across a line potential of the HV electrical power supply.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 5/04 - Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
• H05K 1/16 - Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular power converter (1) with wide-bandgap semiconductors (2), in particular SiC semiconductors. The aim of the invention is to optimize the power converter with respect to the use of wide-bandgap semiconductors. This is achieved in that the modular power converter (1) has at least two base units (10). The base units (10) are connected together on the input side, and one base unit has an input circuit (11) on the input side and an output circuit (12) on the output side. The input circuit (11) and the output circuit (12) are each formed by the wide-bandgap semiconductors (2) which are arranged in a B6-bridge circuit, wherein an intermediate circuit capacitor (3) is connected in parallel with the input circuit (11) and with the output circuit (12), thus interconnecting the intermediate circuits of the input circuit (11) and the output circuit (12) in order to form an intermediate circuit (13). The input circuits (11) of the base units (10) or a sub-quantity of the base units (10) are arranged in a series circuit, wherein at least one inductor (15) is arranged between each pair of input circuits (11). The invention additionally relates to a vehicle (100), in particular a rail vehicle, comprising such a modular power converter (1), said modular power converter (1) being part of the drive (101) of the vehicle (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 15/00 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performanceAdaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train
• H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an actuating arrangement for controlling a MOSFET, in particular wide-bandgap MOSFET. A change of an actuating variable, which actuates the MOSFET as a function of an operating characteristic variable that influences the switching behavior of the MOSFET is stored in a characteristic block. The change counteracts a reference actuating value of the actuating variable. An actual value of the operating characteristic variable is determined during operation of the MOSFET. The actuating variable is changed from the reference actuating value as a function of the actual value commensurate with the change of the actuating variable stored in the characteristic block. The change stored in the characteristic block can include a change in the switch-on or switch-off voltage or gate resistance of the MOSFET as a function of the operating temperature or the operating voltage of the MOSFET.

IPC Classes  ?

• H03K 17/14 - Modifications for compensating variations of physical values, e.g. of temperature

Abstract

With a method and an actuation arrangement for actuating a MOSFET, in particular a wide-bandgap semiconductor MOSFET, a monitoring process is performed to determine whether the body diode of the MOSFET is electrically conducting or blocking. If the body diode is electrically conducting, the MOSFET is activated, and if the body diode is electrically blocking, the MOSFET is actuated in response to an actuation signal generated based on the drain-source voltage and the direction and intensity of the drain-source current of the MOSFET.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 1/00 - Details of apparatus for conversion
• H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
• H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• H03K 17/082 - Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
• H03K 17/16 - Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents

Abstract

85000022 Abstract The invention relates to a method for controlling the operation of an energy supply network by means of a network control system. For providing system services reliably, it is proposed that measured values indicating an electrical state of the energy supply network are recorded with a local control device of a distribution network, wherein a deviation of the present operational state from a required operational state is determined and control measures are defined for restoring the required operational state. Control data are transmitted to the control device. Appropriate control commands are determined for the devices of the distribution network. Estimated control data are defined and the communication connection to the network control system is monitored. In the event of a fault in the communication connection, the control commands are defined using the estimated control data instead of the received control data. Date Recue/Date Received 2020-05-19

IPC Classes  ?

• G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
• H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the networkCircuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network

Abstract

Various embodiments of the invention help to implement integrity verification of sensors (101-104) and signaling lines of the sensors. According to various embodiments, this is achieved by performing an analysis of a noise signal on the signaling line and transmitting check data indicative of a result of the analysis.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01D 3/08 - Measuring arrangements with provision for the special purposes referred to in the subgroups of this group with provision for safeguarding the apparatus, e.g. against abnormal operation, against breakdown
• G01D 18/00 - Testing or calibrating apparatus or arrangements provided for in groups
• G01R 29/26 - Measuring noise figureMeasuring signal-to-noise ratio
• G08C 25/00 - Arrangements for preventing or correcting errorsMonitoring arrangements

Abstract

The invention relates to a communication module for a communication or automation device having a housing (11) that has a connection region able to be brought into contact with a base module (2) of the communication or automation device. There is provision in the connection region for at least two centring pins (12) that are insertable into corresponding receptacles in the base module (2). Between the centring pins (12), a fastening screw (13) having a threaded section (14) penetrates the housing (11). The threaded section (14) of the fastening screw (13) is able to be screwed into a threaded hole (22) in the base module (2). Additionally, there is provision for a passage (17) for receiving the fastening screw (13), said passage being arranged substantially centrally in the housing (11) and running at right angles to the connection region. The fastening screw (13) has a driver ring (16) connected to it that surrounds a section of a shaft (15) of the fastening screw. Along the passage (17), there is provision in the housing (11) for a cutout (18) for the driver ring (16), said driver ring being axially displaceable inside the cutout.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01R 12/52 - Fixed connections for rigid printed circuits or like structures connecting to other rigid printed circuits or like structures
• H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
• H05K 7/14 - Mounting supporting structure in casing or on frame or rack

Abstract

Method and detection device for detecting a high-impedance ground fault in an electrical energy supply network with a grounded neutral point The invention relates to a method for detecting a high-impedance ground fault in an electrical energy supply network (12) with a grounded neutral point, in which a test signal is fed with a detection device (10) into the energy supply network (12), wherein the test signal has a frequency which differs from the network frequency of the energy supply network (12), and the presence of a high-impedance ground fault is inferred on the basis of a measuring signal produced by the test signal. In order to enable a reliable detection, with low equipment costs, of high-impedance ground faults in energy supply networks with a grounded neutral point, it is proposed that a three-phase test signal is fed into the phase conductors of the energy supply network (12) as a test signal, a measuring signal which indicates the displacement voltage of the test signal is generated with the detection device (10), the displacement voltage is compared with a threshold value using a test device (15) of the detection device (10), and the presence of a high-impedance ground fault is detected if the displacement voltage exceeds the threshold value. The invention also relates to a correspondingly designed detection device (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/52 - Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults

Abstract

A method for identifying a secondary part during use in a linear-motor-based system, wherein a primary part includes primary-part coils in the linear-motor-based system, the secondary part has a magnetic active part and the primary-part coils can be actuated via a drive current such that an advancing force acting on the secondary part and movement of the secondary part along the primary part is achievable, where at least one secondary-part winding in a circuit is provided on the secondary part, selected primary-part coils are energized via a primary current at one or more test signal frequencies to induce a secondary current in the secondary- part winding to identify the rotor, a characteristic property of the secondary-part winding or the circuit is representative of the secondary part, and where the secondary current influences a current response of the primary-part coils and the characteristic property is measured using the current response.

IPC Classes  ?

• B65G 23/23 - Arrangements or mountings of driving motors of electric linear motors
• B65G 54/02 - Non-mechanical conveyors not otherwise provided for electrostatic, electric, or magnetic
• G01V 3/10 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detectingMeasuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices using induction coils
• H02K 41/02 - Linear motorsSectional motors

Abstract

A system for autonomous generative design in a system having a digital twin graph a requirements distillation tool for receiving requirements documents of a system in human-readable format and importing useful information contained in the requirements documents into the digital twin graph, and a synthesis and analysis tool in communication with the digital twin graph, wherein the synthesis and analysis tool generates a set of design alternatives based on the captured interactions of the user with the design tool and the imported useful information from the requirements documents. The system may include includes a design tool with an observer for capturing interactions of a user with the design tool, In addition to the observer, an insighter in communication with the design tool and with the digital twin graph receives design alternatives from the digital twin graph and present the received design alternatives to a user via design tool.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 30/00 - Computer-aided design [CAD]

Abstract

A method of optimizing an additive manufacturing (AM) process includes receiving at least one design parameter of the AM process, receiving information relating to uncertainty in at least one other parameter of the AM process, performing uncertainty quantification in the optimization processor based on the at least one design parameters and uncertainty information to identify a shape error in an object being produced, updating the at least one design parameter of the AM process and utilizing the updated at least one design parameter in the AM process. A system for optimizing an AM process includes a design processor to produce at least one design parameter for an object to be manufactured, and an optimization processor to receive the at least one design parameter and uncertainty information to identify a shape error in the object to be manufactured and update the design parameters based on the shape error, prior or during the manufacturing process.

IPC Classes  ?

• G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
• G05B 19/4099 - Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing

Abstract

Embodiments include methods, network security computer systems, and computer program products for identifying deviant engineering modifications to programmable logic controllers. Aspects include: collecting, by a network traffic collection device of the network security computer, network traffic data from one or more engineering stations, and storing, by a network traffic data storage device, the network traffic data collected. Each of the engineering stations may include one or more programmable logic controllers. The method also may include: comparing, by a network traffic comparison module, the network traffic data collected, detecting, by an abnormality detection module, any deviant engineering modifications to the programmable logic controllers in the engineering stations; and generating, by an alarming and correction module, one or more reports for the deviant engineering modifications to programmable logic controllers. The alarming and correction module may generate one or more alarms and block any network traffic associated with the deviant engineering modifications.

IPC Classes  ?

• G05B 19/05 - Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
• G06F 21/50 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems

Abstract

A method monitors an energy transmission device, in particular an energy transmission line or an energy distribution network, via which electric current is transmitted at a predefined network frequency. An electrical measurement signal having at least one non-network frequency, i.e. a frequency which differs from the network frequency, or a non-network frequency band, is fed into the energy transmission device at a predefined position thereon. An electrical measured quantity related to the non-network frequency or the non-network frequency band is measured at the predefined position or a different position on the energy transmission device with the formation of at least one measured value or frequency-band-related measured value characteristic. A fault signal is generated if the measured value, the frequency-band-related measured value characteristic, a comparative value or comparative value characteristic formed with the measured value or the measured value characteristic indicates a fault in the energy transmission device.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/50 - Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
• H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the networkCircuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network

Abstract

Various embodiments may include a method for removing filling material from a cavity in a manufactured component with a connection from the cavity opening to surroundings of the component, the method comprising: holding the component in a movable mounting; moving the component and at the same time removing the filling material through the connection opening; and executing a computer program with a processor, wherein the computer program instructs the processor to: analyze geometry data of the component including the connection opening; and calculate a necessary positioning of the component, based on the geometry data and gravitational force; and direct the movable mounting through a sequence of movements for moving the component in space to spill the filling material from the cavity through the connection opening out of the component.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22F 3/105 - Sintering only by using electric current, laser radiation or plasma
• B28B 1/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material
• B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting

Abstract

A switching device in a vacuum switching tube or for arc quenching in gases. The switching device has an arc-quenching device. There is also described a method for operating a switching device in a vacuum switching tube or in arc quenching in gases, which switching device has an arc-quenching devicefor medium-voltage, low-voltage and/or high-voltageapplications.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01H 9/42 - Impedances connected with contacts
• H01H 9/44 - Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
• H01H 33/16 - Impedances connected with contacts
• H01H 33/18 - Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet

Abstract

The invention relates to a coupling member (2) for an electrical switching unit, wherein the coupling member (2) comprises a first switching contact (4) for opening and closing an electrical contact having a second switch contact (6), wherein the first switching contact (4) is connected to a drive rod (9) which is mounted such that the drive rod can be moved in translation and which is operatively connected to an actuator (15), which causes a translational movement of the drive rod (9). The invention is characterized in that an impulse mass element (3) is provided, which is coupled by a spring element (5) to the coupling member (2).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01H 3/36 - Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using belt, chain, or cord
• H01H 33/666 - Operating arrangements

Abstract

A stator segment for a linear motor-based transport system is developed to the effect that a transmitter for cyclic transmission of a control data record in a first clock cycle also transmits, in addition to transmitting the control data record, a position value in a clock-synchronized manner, wherein a plurality of positions are available as a sequence with a quantity of elements and an element with an index corresponds to a position, where the transmitter unit is configured such that, upon every first clock cycle, the index is incremented commencing from a starting value and an element is transmitted after the control data record, where the transmitter unit is furthermore configured to transmit all elements in one transmission interval, and where the transmission interval corresponds to a multiple of the first clock cycle.

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 13/03 - Electric propulsion by linear motors
• B65G 23/18 - Suction or magnetic elements
• B65G 23/23 - Arrangements or mountings of driving motors of electric linear motors
• B65G 54/02 - Non-mechanical conveyors not otherwise provided for electrostatic, electric, or magnetic
• H02K 41/02 - Linear motorsSectional motors
• H02P 25/06 - Linear motors

Abstract

A method for ascertaining a position error in a linear drive, a linear drive, a method for operating the linear drive and an installation, wherein the deviation of a respective further runner in relation to a first runner (reference runner) is ascertained to determine the position error, where the discrepancy of the respective sensor is ascertained based on the deviation of the runner, the discrepancy may be ascertained using a reference system, the position error may be established based on the discrepancy of the respective sensor PS and the deviation of the respective runner, and where the position error may serve for the improved positioning, i.e., more precise positioning, of the respective runner on the linear drive or of the segments.

IPC Classes  ?

• B65G 23/23 - Arrangements or mountings of driving motors of electric linear motors
• B65G 43/00 - Control devices, e.g. for safety, warning or fault-correcting
• G01M 13/02 - GearingsTransmission mechanisms

Abstract

A sensor with a signal strip, a segment with such a signal strip and a sensor, a linear drive and an installation, wherein the signal strip is assigned in each case to at least one segment, where the signal strip indicates a state of the segment and/or the state of a runner, where the at least one runner is moved by a respective segment, the state is assigned by a sensor assigned to the respective segment and is presented to a user who services the installation, in particular the linear drive of the installation, such the time interval for servicing the installation or the linear drive can be reduced because the operator of the linear drive immediately identifies the state of the respective runner or the respective segment.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 41/02 - Linear motorsSectional motors
• H02P 25/06 - Linear motors

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining production-related shape deviations (.epsilon.l,i) and stresses in a construction (11) produced by means of an additive production method, which construction is produced by solidifying construction material in successive layers (12). The invention further relates to a use of said method to produce corrected production data (19) and to the application of said production data in an additive production system. The invention further relates to a computer-readable data carrier and to a computer program for performing said method and to a simulation in which such a computer program can run. In the method, superlayers (13) are used in order to reduce the computational complexity of the simulation. According to the invention, in order to ensure a simulation result of sufficient accuracy with justifiable computational complexity, effective shrinkage factors (.alpha., or .alpha.l,i) are determined for the solidified construction material in order to calculate the effective thermal shrinkage (.epsilon.l or .epsilon.l,i,) in each superlayer (13).

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 50/00 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
• G06F 30/17 - Mechanical parametric or variational design
• G06F 30/23 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]

Abstract

The invention relates to a position-determining system for a charging station (100) for a vehicle (200) which is driven at least partially electrically. The invention also relates to such a vehicle (200) and to a system (10) with such a vehicle (200) and a charging station (100). The position-determining system serves to determine a position of a contact interface of the vehicle (200) in relation to a charging interface (150) of the charging station (100). The position-determining system determines the position visually in at least two dimensions. As a result of the at least two-dimensional determination of position, the vehicle is not tied to a predefined route. This increases the reliability of the positioning of the vehicle when it approaches the charging station (100).

IPC Classes  ?

• B60L 53/37 - Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles using optical position determination, e.g. using cameras

Abstract

Multi-stage converter having at least one branch which is connected between a positive busbar and a negative busbar, wherein the branch has at least two arms which are connected in series, wherein the arms each comprise a series circuit of a plurality of two-pole submodules having an energy store and a communication connection to a control device of the multi-stage converter, by means of which at least one item of information relating to a state of charge of the energy store and a switching instruction for a switch of the submodule can be transmitted, characterized in that the communication connection is set up as a common communication connection for at least some of the submodules and has a plurality of insulation paths having an insulation capacity of at most 5 kV.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02M 7/00 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power outputConversion of DC power input into AC power output
• H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels

Abstract

The invention relates to a method (100) for the secure, computer-aided execution of program instructions of an application, comprising the following method steps. The method comprises a step of switching on (110) a learning mode of an execution environment (400). The method comprises a further step of performing (120) the application in the execution environment (400) while the learning mode is switched on, wherein program instructions of the application are performed for a selected predetermined application scenario and the execution environment (400) assigns a first application scenario-specific validity information to the performed program instructions (210, 220, 310, 320). The method comprises a step of switching on (130) a working mode of the execution environment (400), wherein, in the working mode, the execution environment (400) checks the first validity information of the program instructions, and wherein the execution environment (400) executes the program instructions as a function of their validity information.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 9/44 - Arrangements for executing specific programs
• G06F 21/51 - Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems at application loading time, e.g. accepting, rejecting, starting or inhibiting executable software based on integrity or source reliability
• G06F 21/57 - Certifying or maintaining trusted computer platforms, e.g. secure boots or power-downs, version controls, system software checks, secure updates or assessing vulnerabilities

Abstract

A camera system for gas-insulated switchgear systems, includes a front plate of the gas-insulated switchgear system having two front-plate connections, a central unit, and at least one camera in a camera housing or in respective camera housings. The line between the front-plate connections and the at least one camera is branched in the shape of a Y and the data communication and the current and voltage supply of the central unit occur via a common connection.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01H 1/00 - Contacts

Abstract

The present technique presents a method and a system for modifying a surface of a substrate. The method includes a step of abrasive blasting of a part of the surface of the substrate. In the abrasive blasting an abrasive media is provided to the part of the surface. The abrasive media is carried to the part by a first carrier. The abrasive media collides with the part of the surface and causes abrasion to the part of the surface. In the method the first carrier includes steam. The steam of the first carrier heats the part of the surface.

IPC Classes  ?

• B24C 1/00 - Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effectsUse of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
• B24C 7/00 - Equipment for feeding abrasive materialControlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts

Abstract

A method in which first routers have an extended router function for a connection to a superordinate communication network, wherein second routers include a restricted router function for a connection to a subordinate field level subnetwork, where when further first routers are present, the router configuration units of the first routers each use priority values to check which first router has the highest priority value associated with it, where the first router having the highest priority value is configured as a superordinate router for a connection to a superordinate communication network so as to configure a modular control device of an industrial automation system that includes a central unit and at least one communication module that includes a respective integrated router, where router configuration units of the first routers detect available router functions and associated priority values of other routers.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 12/00 - Data switching networks
• H04L 41/08 - Configuration management of networks or network elements
• H04L 41/0803 - Configuration setting
• H04L 41/12 - Discovery or management of network topologies
• H04L 45/02 - Topology update or discovery

Abstract

84193105ABSTRACTA switching contact of a vacuum interrupter including support bodies is disclosed, including an additional support body which has the shape of a truncated cone or of a hollow truncated cone or of a partially hollow truncated cone. The additional support body is offset from a first location or region on the bottom of the contact carrier, located in the notional extension of the contact rod and inside the contact carrier, to a second location or region, located on the side of the contact plate facing the contact carrier and on the outer edge of the contact plate in relation to the first region; The structure and placement of the supporting bodies prevents both sinking of the contact disks and untwisting of coil segments.CA 2997640 2019-07-10

IPC Classes  ?

• H01H 33/664 - ContactsArc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to manufacturing methods. The teachings thereof may be used to manufacture a component in which the component is applied by thermal spraying with a coating jet carrying building material. For example, a method for manufacturing a component may include: producing a mold for the component layer-by-layer on a building platform using a generative process incorporating data describing the mold; building the component in the mold by filling the mold with a building material using thermal spraying with a coating jet; and removing the mold from the component.

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B33Y 30/00 - Apparatus for additive manufacturingDetails thereof or accessories therefor
• C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to coating a carrier component by means of cold gas dynamic spraying. For example, a method for coating a carrier component may include: laying a mask with an opening on the component; depositing a material through the opening to completely fill up the mask opening; removing any material located above the upper side to form a flat surface even with the upper side of the mask; laying a second mask on the first mask; depositing the material again; removing any deposited material located above the upper side of the second mask to form a flat surface even with the upper side of the second mask; repeating layers of additional masks and material deposition until the deposited material reaches a required thickness on the carrier component; and after completion of the coating to the required thickness, removing the masks.

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Abstract

Disclosed is a cooling device for cooling a rotor 1, which is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 2, of an electric machine, wherein the rotor 1 is supported by a central rotor shaft 3 and comprises a hollow space 5 in the interior of the rotor shaft 3 for receiving coolant 6. The cooling device has at least one first coolant line 7a that extends radially outwardly from the hollow space 5 and a ring-shaped first distribution line 11a that is fluidically connected to the hollow space via the first coolant line 7a. Also disclosed are a rotor of an electric machine comprising such a cooling device and such an electric machine.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 1/32 - Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
• H02K 3/24 - Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
• H02K 55/04 - Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a safety brake for a lifting device, wherein a solenoid or another electromechanical actuator (A) is used to actuate a pawl (SK), wherein the position of the pawl (SK) is monitored by means of at least two switches or sensors (S1, S2), and wherein, by means of a safety-oriented controller and at least one sensor, the lowering motion of the load or of the lifting device is monitored and the safety brake is triggered in the event of a fault. The solenoid or the pawl (SK) is arranged in such a way that, by means of spring force and/or gravity, the pawl is brought into engagement when the actuator, for example the solenoid, is deenergized. By means of said safety brake, it is possible to exactly define and monitor the limit speed, upon the exceedance of which the safety brake should be triggered. By using the two sensors (S1, S2), e.g., switches, it is also possible, by means of the controller, to monitor the function and the motion of the pawl and to detect undesired operating states, for example in the cases in which the safety brake is engaged and the drive of the lifting device would like to lower the load further.

IPC Classes  ?

• B66B 5/26 - Positively-acting devices, e.g. latches, knives
• B66C 15/00 - Safety gear
• B66D 5/24 - Operating devices
• B66D 5/34 - Detent devices having latches
• B66F 17/00 - Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force

Abstract

A device for regulating a burner system with at least one burner and at least one ionization electrode that lies in a flame of the at least one burner when the burner system is operating. The regulation device is configured to (a) set an air volume flow rate of the burner system, (b) record an ionization current based on the ionization electrode(s), (c) store, in memory, pairs of air volume flow rate of the burner system and ionization current, (d) form a difference between the reciprocal value of a first ionization current for a first air volume flow rate and a reciprocal value of a second ionization current recorded prior to the first ionization current and associated with the first air volume flow rate and (e) calculate the value of a displaced ionization current as the sum of this difference and of the reciprocal value of a further ionization current.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23N 5/18 - Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel

Abstract

An apparatus for monitoring of a pump includes a control module, and an error detection unit, wherein a support vector machine based module is provided that receives an estimated output quantity data value from the control module, processes the estimated output quantity data value to provide a processed estimated output quantity data value via the support vector machine, and supplies the processed estimated output quantity data value to the error detection unit instead of the estimated output quantity data value of the control module.

IPC Classes  ?

• F04D 1/00 - Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumpsHelico-centrifugal pumps
• F04D 15/00 - Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations, or systems
• F04D 15/02 - Stopping of pumps, or operating valves, on occurrence of unwanted conditions

Abstract

An apparatus for monitoring of a device including a moveable part, especially a rotating device, wherein the apparatus includes a control module which receives a measured vibration signal of the device provided by a sensor connected to the device, provides a spectrum of the measured vibration signal, pre-processes the spectrum to determine base frequencies and side frequencies, where the base frequencies are frequencies having peak powers corresponding to eigen frequencies of the device or faulty frequencies and the side frequencies correspond to other frequencies, where the control module additionally processes the base and side frequencies by applying separately a one-class classification on the base and side frequencies, combines the results of the one-class classifications to obtain a classification signal representing a confidence level, and outputs a decision support signal based on the classification signal, where the decision support signal indicates an error status of the monitored device.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01M 7/02 - Vibration-testing
• G01M 13/045 - Acoustic or vibration analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a spacer means (6a) for busbars (3) which are arranged in a housing (2) of a module (1) of a busbar system, which busbars each run parallel in relation to one another, are spaced apart with the aid of electrically insulating spacer elements (10), are held together with the aid of clamping elements (5b) which run transversely through the busbars (3) and the spacer elements (10), and the busbar ends (3a, 3b) of which busbars project, at the end, out of the housing (2), wherein a plurality of modules (1) of the busbar system are each arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and are electrically connected to one another. The technically simple spacer means proposed is a frame (6) which is arranged transversely in relation to the longitudinal extent in the housing (2) and in which a passage opening (9) is formed, the busbars (3) running through said passage opening and leaving a space (A, B, C), wherein the ends of the clamping element (5b) are fastened to the frame (6) on both sides of the passage opening (9), and having a supporting element (22) which is arranged on the outer contour of the frame (6) and, when it makes contact with the immediately opposite inner face of the housing (2), can be moved in the direction of the longitudinal extent in the housing (2). The invention further relates to a corresponding module (1) and to a corresponding busbar system.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01R 4/28 - Clamped connectionsSpring connections
• H02G 5/00 - Installations of bus-bars
• H02G 5/06 - Totally-enclosed installations, e.g. in metal casings
• H02G 5/10 - Cooling

Abstract

The invention relates to a busbar system which is relatively easy to install and in particularly suitable for a wind tower of a wind turbine, comprising a plurality of bar modules (1, 1a, 1b) arranged one behind the other and connected to each other via clamping brackets (9), wherein each bar module (1, 1a, 1b) has a plurality of busbars (3) which are arranged parallel to each other at a distance (A) and which have open recesses (4a, 4b) on one side at both ends (3a, 3b), said recesses running on one end (3b) of the bar module (1, 1a, 1b) in the longitudinal extension and on the other end (3a) transversely to the longitudinal extension, wherein in order to electrically connect two bar modules (1, 1a, 1b), the bar module end (3b) comprising the recesses (4b) running in a longitudinal extension is inserted into the clamping bracket (9) and the bar module end (3a) with the recesses (4a) running transversely to the longitudinal extension is suspended on the opposite side in the clamping bracket (9), wherein each of the busbars (3) of the one bar module (1, 1a, 1b) rests laterally against a busbar (3) of the other bar module (1, 1a, 1b) and wherein the recesses (4a, 4b), as viewed from the side, form a through-opening (7a), through which a tensioning element (7b) supported on the clamping bracket (9) runs, which presses together the sides (3c, 3d) of the busbars (3) which rest against each other.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01R 4/28 - Clamped connectionsSpring connections
• H02G 5/00 - Installations of bus-bars
• H02G 5/06 - Totally-enclosed installations, e.g. in metal casings

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating an electrical switching device (1). The invention further relates to such an electrical switching device (1). In order to ensure reliable operation of an electrical switching device (1) having parallel switching paths (4, 5, 6) allocated to a phase (18, 19, 20), which have lower switching capacity in comparison to conventional parallel switching paths, according to the invention, the zero current crossings (31, 32) in said phase (18, 19, 20) are detected and at least one switching mechanism (3), which is operatively connected to the switching paths (4, 5, 6), is actuated so that all parallel switching paths (4, 5, 6) allocated to said phase (18, 19, 20) open within a window of time (21, 22, 23, 24) which is in said phase (18, 19, 20) relative to the zero current crossings (31, 32).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01H 9/56 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
• H01H 33/66 - Vacuum switches

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling device for a spraying nozzle (12), in particular for cold gas spraying, and to a spraying nozzle assembly equipped with such a cooling device. The spraying nozzle (12) is surrounded by an enclosure (13) forming the cooling device, wherein it is provided according to the invention that a cooling line (19) within the enclosure forms a closed system which can be supplied with a cooling medium by way of an inlet (20) and an outlet (21). The cooling medium therefore advantageously does not come into contact with the spraying nozzle (12), which is inserted into a receiving opening in the enclosure by means of a loose fit (17). The closure may also advantageously taper conically towards the mouth (18) of the spraying nozzle (12), and therefore coatings can also be applied to difficultly accessible components by means of the spraying nozzle assembly (11) according to the invention.

IPC Classes  ?

• B05B 7/14 - Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
• B05B 7/16 - Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating the material to be sprayed

Abstract

CA 02899283 2015-10-0254106-1887AbstractA defined mineral phase is separated from a ground ore having several chemical phases and being present in a heterogeneous particle size distribution by classifying the ore according to a defined particle diameter into at least two fractions, a first fraction having particles essentially larger than the defined particle diameter and a second fraction having particles essentially smaller than the defined particle diameter, and the defined mineral particles of value beingpresent in both fractions, floating the first fraction having the greater particle diameters and selecting the defined mineral particles of value in a flotation concentrate, selectively admixing the defined mineral particles of value in the fraction having the smaller particle diameters withmagnetizable particles, applying a magnetic separation process to the second fraction having smaller particle diameters, and separating a concentrate with an enrichment of the defined mineral phase of value.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03B 1/04 - Conditioning for facilitating separation by altering physical properties of the matter to be treated by additives
• B03B 7/00 - Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
• B03B 9/00 - General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
• B03C 1/01 - Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by addition of magnetic adjuvants
• B03C 1/02 - Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
• B03C 1/30 - Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
• B03D 1/08 - Subsequent treatment of concentrated product

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a shell-shaped component (18). The invention further relates to a production system that is suitable for producing such a component (18). According to the invention, the component (18) is produced by a cold gas stream (17) by means of cold gas spraying. The particles of the cold gas stream (17) are applied to the edge (20) of the component (18) being produced, wherein simultaneously a supporting body (16) is used, which, according to the invention, supports the component only at the point of incidence of the cold gas stream (17). In this way, the form of the component (18) can be shaped by suitably moving the supporting body (16) and the cold spray nozzle, without having to produce a core that tills the entire volume of the shell-shaped component (18). Thus, the method according to the invention is advantageously especially economical for small quantities, because the supporting body (16) can be used universally for components of different geometries. According to the invention, the production system therefore has a movable supporting body in addition to the cold spray nozzle.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22F 3/115 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sinteringApparatus specially adapted therefor by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
• C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Abstract

Systems and methods for transmitting data packets in a data network comprising a multiplicity of network nodes are provided. A routing topology associated with a respective network node is ascertained, wherein the routing topology describes paths for forwarding data packets between the respective network node and each other network node in the data network on the basis of links between adjacent network nodes. A piece of routing information with the identification of the respective routing topology is produced and is stored in the respective network node. A data packet transmitted from a source network node to a destination network node specifies the identification of the routing topology to be used for the transmission, wherein each network node that forwards the data packet uses the routing information stored on each network node with the identification of the routing topology for the data packet.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 41/12 - Discovery or management of network topologies
• H04L 45/02 - Topology update or discovery

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a corresponding device in which irregularities regarding each detected measurement position within a measurement surface are detected using a local measurement density. Each echo signal received in response to each detected measurement position is then weighted in order to generate an image using a data processing device such that the irregularities are adjusted.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 29/06 - Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
• G01N 29/26 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning
• G01N 29/265 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
• G01N 29/44 - Processing the detected response signal
• G01S 15/89 - Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging

Abstract

A method of controlling energy consumption in a building. The method includes receiving occupant request data comprising a plurality of requests, wherein each of the plurality of requests corresponds to one of a plurality of zones in the building wherein the occupant request data is received via a cloud computing resource. The method also includes receiving weather data comprising at least one of current weather measurement data and weather forecast data wherein the weather data is received via a cloud computing resource. In addition, a facility management rule is received via a cloud computing resource. Further, the method includes generating a plurality of output control signals via cloud computing resource, wherein each of the plurality of output control signals is based on one of a plurality of requests and predicted occupant schedules, energy price data and the facility management rule. The control signals are generated by using simulation-based model predictive control method to determine a set of optimized control signals based on optimized energy use or optimized energy cost. The optimized control signals are transmitted to controllers.

IPC Classes  ?

• G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors

Abstract

A method for the ultrasound check of a test object involves moving a test probe along a test probe surface and sending ultrasound impulses into the test object by the test probe. Respective echo signals corresponding with the emitted ultrasound impulses are received by the test probe. An image of a predetermined test region of the test object is prepared on the basis of an overlapping and averaging of amplitude values of the received echo signals by a data processing unit. The respective position of the test probe when sending the ultrasound signals and/or when receiving the corresponding echo signals is captured by a capturing unit. The respectively captured positions of the test probe are considered when creating the image of the test region of the test object.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 29/06 - Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
• G01N 29/11 - Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
• G01N 29/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details
• G01N 29/265 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for coating a substrate (11) by thermal spraying, in particular cold-gas spraying. Here, a particle jet (13) is oriented at an inclination to the surface (14) of the substrate (11) to form a spraying angle (a). In order to increase the possible spraying angle (a) according to the invention, it is provided that the surface (14) is applied with a directional patterning, for example comprising trenches (17) and ridges (18). The orientation of this patterning is inclined by an angle of inclination (ß), specifically in the direction of the spraying angle (a). As a result, the adhesion of striking particles (12) is improved and it is possible to achieve larger spraying angles (a).

IPC Classes  ?

• B05B 5/12 - Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects specially adapted for coating the interior of hollow bodies
• B05B 13/06 - Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
• B23K 26/08 - Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
• B23K 26/36 - Removing material
• C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Abstract

In order to form a locking mechanism for a switch-on button of a circuit breaker which has a simple and inexpensive configuration, the locking mechanism has a locking element which is mounted rotatably on the switch-on button. The locking element, held directly in a first position by a first spring, enables actuation of the switch-on button and, directly in the switched-on state of the circuit breaker by a second spring, can be moved into a second position. The switch-on button of the circuit breaker is locked to prevent actuation in the second position.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01H 9/24 - Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms for interlocking two or more parts of the mechanism for operating contacts
• H01H 71/58 - Manual reset mechanisms actuated by push-button, pull-knob, or slide

Abstract

An electromagnetic drive (10) for an electrical switch (20) such as a circuit breaker, has at least one movable armature (60) that can implement a lifting movement along a pushing direction (P) for moving a movable switching contact (21) of the switch (20). In a closed armature position (61), the armature closes a magnetic circuit (M1, M2) through first and second magnetically conductive yoke parts (100, 105). A permanent magnet (90, 95) produces a magnetic field for the magnetic circuit (M1, M2) and a holding force for holding the armature (60) in the closed position (61). A coil (80) is disposed to generate a magnetic flux in the same or opposite direction as the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet (90, 95). The electromagnetic drive (10) can be readjusted after installation, where the first and second yoke parts (100, 105) are moved relative to one another by the permanent magnet (90, 95) into the adjusted state, whereupon they are fixed in position.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01F 7/122 - Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnet
• H01F 7/127 - Assembling
• H01F 7/16 - Rectilinearly-movable armatures
• H01H 3/28 - Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
• H01H 33/666 - Operating arrangements

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for coding a sequence of digitalised images (I) that consist of a plurality of pixels. For each of the images, a signal (S) is coded that is dependent on the image content of the images in question, the uncoded signal being reconstructed and reconstructed images being derived therefrom in the course of the coding process. Said reconstructed images (RI) undergo filtering (LF) wherein a particular reconstructed image (RI) is divided into partitions (PA1, PA2) with one or more filter parameters (FP) being defined for each partition (PA1, PA2). According to the invention, at least some of the partitions (PI1, PI2) are respectively described using one or more parameters of a function (F1, F2, F3) that describes the curve of pixels within a predetermined image region (B), said pixel curve dividing the predetermined image region into at least two partitions (PA1, PA2).

IPC Classes  ?

• H04N 19/117 - Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
• H04N 19/17 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
• H04N 19/82 - Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop

Abstract

Burner system at least comprising a grounded burner, actuators with which the supply of fuel and air to the burner is adjusted, an ionization electrode disposed in the flame region, a flame amplifier at the ionization electrode for generating an ionization signal, and a final control device which during air ratio control mode sets a first actuator and adjusts a second actuator by means of the ionization signal and an ionization signal setpoint. Said flame amplifier is equipped with an AC voltage source for generating an AC voltage for the ionization electrode, with a voltmeter and with a voltage regulator which during voltage control mode controls the AC voltage source by means of the AC voltage measured by the voltmeter and a voltage setpoint, and also with an ionization current amplifier. The voltmeter is connected in parallel with a sequence comprising the ionization electrode, the flame region, the burner and the input of the ionization current amplifier. The connection of the voltage regulator to the voltmeter is designed such that, during voltage control mode, the time-averaged current caused by the voltmeter through said connection is less than 5% of the time-averaged current through the ionization electrode.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23N 5/00 - Systems for controlling combustion

Abstract

An intermediate network in a ring topology for setting up a connection between two network domains, has first node and second marginal nodes in a first network domain which are connected to one another by means of a first network connection within the first network domain, third and fourth marginal nodes in a second network domain and which are connected to one another by means of a second network connection within the second network domain, a first virtual network connection, which connects the first and the third marginal nodes via an intermediate network, and a second virtual network connection, which connects the second and the fourth marginal nodes via the intermediate network. The first network and second network connections, the first and the second virtual network connections have a ring topology on which a connection redundancy protocol is implemented, such that sufficiently reliable connection between the two networks is achieved.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 12/46 - Interconnection of networks

Abstract

A range-measuring sensor is arranged on a vehicle. The direction of measurement or plane of measurement of the sensor can be altered by driving a sensor motor. A map of the environment is produced by using natural landmarks. A predetermined route along which the vehicle is intended to move is stipulated. Landmarks which can serve as a localization aid along the predetermined route are determined. The environment is scanned at different times by using the sensor in order to detect the previously determined landmarks while the vehicle is moving along the predetermined route. The vehicle is localized by comparing the detected landmarks with the landmarks recorded on the map. The sensor motor is actively controlled, at least in areas of the environment with only a few previously determined landmarks, such that the sensor is oriented to these landmarks in order to ensure that they are detected.

IPC Classes  ?

• G05D 1/242 - Means based on the reflection of waves generated by the vehicle
• G05D 1/246 - Arrangements for determining position or orientation using environment maps, e.g. simultaneous localisation and mapping [SLAM]
• G05D 1/646 - Following a predefined trajectory, e.g. a line marked on the floor or a flight path
• G05D 1/65 - Following a desired speed profile

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the quality of data transmission in a packet-based communication network comprising a plurality of network nodes (K). Each of the network nodes (K) has a number of ports (P) with which at least one queue (Q) is associated respectively, and by means of which ports a communication connection (KV) to another network node (K) can be produced. According to the method of the invention, at least the queues (Q) of those ports which are arranged, in the network nodes (K), along respective communication paths that are formed in the communication network, are monitored for their queue length. In addition, a degree of overload of the affected port(s) (P) is determined from the queue length, and on the basis of the degree of overload of the communication path(s) (PF1, PF2, PF3) running across the affected overloaded port (P), a runtime delay (delay) and/or a delay variation (jitter) in the data transmission can be inferred. Finally, the overload amount rises above a predetermined threshold value for at least one of the communication paths (PF1, PF2, PF3) running across an overloaded port (P). An alternative communication path (PF2') is configured, the overloaded ports (P) thus being bypassed.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04L 41/0663 - Performing the actions predefined by failover planning, e.g. switching to standby network elements
• H04L 43/0852 - Delays
• H04L 45/28 - Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
• H04L 47/11 - Identifying congestion
• H04L 47/122 - Avoiding congestionRecovering from congestion by diverting traffic away from congested entities
• H04L 47/24 - Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
• H04L 47/30 - Flow controlCongestion control in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes
• H04L 47/50 - Queue scheduling

Abstract

A control facility is provided for a burner system having a burner, actuators with which the supply of fuel and air to the burner is set, and an ionization electrode arranged in the flame zone. The control facility is equipped with a flame amplifier at the ionization electrode to generate an ionization signal and a positioning facility which, in control operation, positions a first actuator and regulates a second actuator by using a corresponding target value for the ionization signal. The positioning facility carries out a control operation in a first test step, it shifts the actuators toward a supply ratio corresponding to an air coefficient above the stoichiometricvalue of .lambda. = 1 and in so doing captures the ionization signalin a second test step, and it calculates a target value from this and from stored data in a third test step. Correction of drift therefore takes place.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23N 1/02 - Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
• F23N 5/12 - Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining a phase failure in an electrical device (1) for driving or monitoring a three-phase AC motor (2), wherein the electrical device (1) comprises a first, a second and a third line (6,7,8). In order to detect a phase failure in a line (8) in the three-phase electrical device (1), in particular in a soft starter (1), the phase failure in the third line (8) is determined by analysing the first and second lines (6,7), wherein the analysis comprises the following steps: determining a value which characterizes a phase shift between a current in the first and second lines (6,7), and outputting a signal if the value which has been determined is in a range of values which characterizes a phase failure in the third line (8).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 19/145 - Indicating the presence of current or voltage
• G01R 19/155 - Indicating the presence of voltage
• G01R 19/165 - Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values

Abstract

A component has a catalyst surface including metal regions and regions of MnO2 contacting the former, wherein the metal regions are made of Co and/or Sn and/or Zn (or alloys of said metals). Said material pairings achieve a significantly improved catalytic effect in comparison to the pure metals. Said surfaces can be used, for example, in room air purification for reducing ozone content. The surface can be applied, for example, by coating the component, wherein the metal region and the region of MnO2 are applied in two layers.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/66 - Ozone
• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes
• B01J 23/06 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of zinc, cadmium or mercury
• B01J 23/14 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of germanium, tin or lead
• B01J 23/34 - Manganese
• B01J 23/75 - Cobalt
• C23C 24/00 - Coating starting from inorganic powder
• C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Abstract

A component includes a catalyst surface having regions of CeO2 and regions of MnO2 that contact the regions of CeO2. Said material pairings may provide an improved catalytic effect compared to pure oxides. Said surfaces can, for example, also be used in indoor air purification to reduce the ozone content. The surface can, for example, be applied by coating the component and processed by cold-gas spraying of, for example, particles made of MnO2, to which CeO2 is applied.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/66 - Ozone
• B01D 53/86 - Catalytic processes
• B01J 23/10 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of rare earths
• B01J 23/34 - Manganese
• C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for computer-assisted learning of control and/or regulation of a technical system, operation of the technical system being characterized by states which the technical system can adopt during operation, and actions which are executed during operation of the technical system and transform a respective state of the technical system into a follow-on state. In the inventive method the statistical uncertainty of the training data used during learning is suitably taken into account when learning control of the technical system. This takes place as a result of the fact that the statistical uncertainty of a quality function, which models an optimal operation of the technical system, is determined by means of an uncertainty propagation and is incorporated during learning of an action-selecting rule. The inventive method is characterized in that the uncertainty propagation uses a covariance matrix in which non-diagonal elements are ignored. This approximation makes the method very computationally efficient and requires little memory space for its execution. Despite the approximation the method still delivers very good results when determining a suitable action-selecting rule. The inventive method can be used for learning control or regulation of any desired technical systems. In a variant the method is used for control or regulation of the operation of a turbine, in particular a gas turbine. In another variant the method is used for regulation or control of a wind power plant.

IPC Classes  ?

• G09B 7/00 - Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers
• G09B 19/00 - Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for separating at least one first material from a mixture containing said at least one first material and at least one second material, comprising at least the following steps: (A) bringing the mixture containing at least one first material and at least one second material into contact with at least one surface-active substance, optionally in the presence of at least one dispersant, wherein the surface-active substance bonds to the at least one first material; (B) optionally adding at least one dispersant to the mixture obtained in step (A) in order to obtain a dispersion; (C) treating the dispersion from step (A) or (B) with at least one hydrophobic magnetic particle so that the at least one first material, to which the at least one surface-active substance is bonded, and the at least one magnetic particle attach; (D) separating the attachment product from step (C) from the mixture by applying a magnetic field in order to obtain the attachment product and a mixture M1 depleted of the attachment product, and repeating the steps (A) to (D).

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 1/015 - Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by chemical treatment imparting magnetic properties to the material to be separated, e.g. roasting, reduction, oxidation

Abstract

The invention relates to a separating device (1, 10, 14, 16, 17) for separating particles able to be magnetized and particles not able to be magnetized transported in a suspension flowing through a separating channel (3), having at least one permanent magnet (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) arranged on at least one side of the separating channel (3) for producing a magnetic field gradient which deflects particles able to be magnetized to said side, wherein a yoke (5) is provided for closing the magnetic circuit from the permanent magnet (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) to the side of the separating channel (3) opposite the permanent magnet (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) and/or between two permanent magnets (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d).

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 1/033 - Component partsAuxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
• B03C 1/28 - Magnetic plugs and dipsticks

Abstract

The invention relates to a cold gas spraying system (10) comprising a gas heating device (90) and a stagnation chamber (60) that is connected to the gas heating device (90). A Laval nozzle (20) that discharges a gas stream with incorporated particles (T) at an ultrasonic speed at the outlet end is connected to the stagnation chamber. Cold gas spraying systems of said type can be used, for example, for producing a coating on a surface by means of the accelerated particles. In order to achieve an even better layer quality when producing a coating, at least one section of the cold gas spraying system that is located downstream of the gas heating device in the direction of flow of the gas is thermally protected, the internal wall of said section being lined with or made of a ceramic insulation material which has a heat conductivity of less than 20 W/Km. The lining can be formed by a replaceable insert (110, 140), for example, which separates the internal wall of the section from the gas stream. Such an insert can have a sleeve, for example, a section of which is cylindrical and another section of which is conical, especially truncated, the cylindrical section being inserted into the stagnation chamber and the conical section being inserted into the convergent subsection of the Laval nozzle.

IPC Classes  ?

• C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and to a method for extracting non-magnetic ores from a pulp (P) comprising non-magnetic ore particles and having a solid fraction of at least 30 % mass. The pulp (P) flows through (100) a reactor (1) in the direction of flow.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 1/015 - Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by chemical treatment imparting magnetic properties to the material to be separated, e.g. roasting, reduction, oxidation
• B03C 1/28 - Magnetic plugs and dipsticks

Abstract

A motor starter. (1) whose production is improved is specified. The motor starter (1) has a power semiconductor switch (2), an electromechanical bypass switch (3) connected in parallel with it, and control electronics (5) for driving the bypass switch (3), with the control electronics (5) being in the form of a printed circuit board assembly (4) which is fixed to the bypass switch (3) in an installed position, and with the printed circuit board assembly (4) and the bypass switch (3) being designed such that, when being fixed, the printed board assembly (4) makes electrical contact with the bypass switch (3) at the same time.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02P 1/02 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters Details
• H02P 1/04 - Means for controlling progress of starting sequence in dependence upon time or upon current, speed, or other motor parameter
• H02P 1/16 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
• H03K 17/56 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
• H03K 17/72 - Bipolar semiconductor devices with more than two PN junctions, e.g. thyristors, programmable unijunction transistors, or with more than three electrodes, e.g. silicon controlled switches, or with more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region, e.g. unijunction transistors
• H05K 1/02 - Printed circuits Details
• H05K 1/14 - Structural association of two or more printed circuits

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of evacuating ash and slag from reactors for pressure gasification of fuels, said fuels including coals of various ranks, cokes or ash-containing liquids or liquid-solid suspensions, at pressures between ambient pressure and 80 bar at gasification temperatures ranging between 800 and 1,800 .degree.C, a water circuit (10) for loosening the deposited slag (8) being maintained between a gasification chamber (3) downstream of which there is mounted a quench chamber (5) to which there is connected a slag lock hopper (7) and circuit water being supplied to the upper and lower part of the quench chamber (5), and to an apparatus for carrying out said method (Fig. 1)

IPC Classes  ?

• C10J 3/48 - ApparatusPlants
• C10J 3/52 - Ash-removing devices
• F23H 15/00 - Cleaning arrangements for grates Moving fuel along grates
• F23J 1/00 - Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
• F23M 5/08 - Cooling thereofTube walls

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for cooling hot crude gas and slag from entrained flow gasification of liquid and solid combustibles at crude gas temperatures ranging from 1,200 to 1,800 .degree.C and at pressures of up to 80 bar in a cooling chamber disposed downstream of the gasification reactor by injecting water, by which the cooling water introduced for cooling into the cooling chamber is distributed, with a portion being nozzled, finely dispersed, into to cooling chamber designed to be a free space and another portion being fed at the bottom into an annular gap provided between the pressure-carrying tank wall and an incorporated metal apron for protecting said pressure-carrying tank wall, this portion of the cooling water flowing upward in the annular gap and trickling down the inner side of the metal apron in the form of a water film and to an apparatus for carrying out the method in which a metal apron (1.3) is incorporated into the cooling chamber (1) of an entrained flow gasification reactor (2) with nozzles (1.1) in such a manner that an annular space (1.8) is formed between the pressure jacket (1.6) and the metal apron (1.3), cooling water flowing upward through said annular space, said cooling water being supplied through a port (1.5) and running down the inner side of the metal apron (1.3) in the form of a water film (1.7).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
• F27D 9/00 - Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for starting high-performance entrained flow gasification reactors with a combination burner and an ignition and pilot burner or a plurality of pulverized fuel burners that are disposed around the ignition and pilot burners for autothermal partial oxidation of pulverized solid fuels such as lignite and hard coal, petroleum coke or solid grindable carbon-containing residues that are pneumatically supplied to the combination burner with an oxygen-containing gasifying agent at operating pressures of up to 100 bar by means of an ignition flame, characterized in that the ignition and pilot burner is ignitedsubstoichiometrically with a fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gasification means and that the entrained flow gasification reactor is thus brought to the pressure intended and that an intended flow of a fuel gas is supplied thereafter with a partial flow of the oxygen--containing gasification agent at a substoichiometric ratio through the pulverized fuel lines leading to the pulverized fuel burner and ignited by the flame of the ignition and pilot burner and that next, the pulverized fuel intended for partial oxidation is supplied together with further oxygen-containing gasifying agent through the supply lines to the pulverized fuel burner and is ignited by the flame of the ignition burner and by the fuel gas flames at the pulverized fuel burner. The advantage of the invention is that the ignition heat needed can be significantly reduced, utilizing a combination burner or a multiple burner array.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23Q 9/10 - Ignition by a pilot flame with interlock with main fuel supply to determine the sequence of supply of fuel to pilot and main burners

Abstract

When manufacturing a starting device for a three-phase electric motor, especially a soft starter, in at least one embodiment an arc quenching system is at least partly removed from a commercially available contactor that so becomes to a modified contactor. In at least one embodiment, a modified contactor is used as a contactor in the starting device.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01H 9/30 - Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
• H01H 9/34 - Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
• H01H 9/36 - Metal parts
• H01H 9/54 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
• H02P 1/28 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor by progressive increase of voltage applied to primary circuit of motor

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for metering and feeding pulverized fuels under pressure into gasification reactors, with the pulverized fuel being supplied from an operational bunker (1) alternately through pressurized sluices (2) to a metering tank (3), in the bottom of which a dense fluidized bed is formed by introducing fluidizing gas through a turbulence plate, with transport pipes (3.3) immersed in the fluidized bed horizontally or vertically, by which the fluidized fuel is fed continuously through burners (4.1) to a pressurized gasification reactor (4), which is distinguished by the fact that by feeding in auxiliary gas (3.9) in the immediate vicinity of the transport line inlet into the metering tank (3) or the transport lines (3.3), the pressure differential between the metering tank (3) and the gasification reactor (4) is controlled and is utilized as a control parameter for pulverized fuel transport, and to a device for implementing the method.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23K 3/06 - Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus for shaft-type furnaces
• F27D 21/00 - Arrangement of monitoring devicesArrangement of safety devices

Abstract

The invention relates to a code sequence, which is described by the line of a code matrix, the latter being obtained by the following steps: formation of a Hadamard matrix with a length n and multiplication of lines of the Hadamard matrix by -1.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04J 11/00 - Orthogonal multiplex systems