01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
04 - Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; fuels
Goods & Services
Chemical additives for lubricants; Chemical additives for oils; Chemicals, namely, industrial chemicals synthetically manufactured from bio-based components, and not manufactured by living organisms Lubricating oils; Motor oils
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
(1) Chemical additives for use in the manufacture of cosmetics and personal care products, namely shower gel, hand creams, body deodorants, hair care preparations, skin care preparations, beauty soaps.
Polyols, polyesters, and polyurethanes comprising estolide residues, and methods of making the same. Exemplary compounds include polyol estolides, glycerol estolides, polyglycerol estolides, and polymeric materials derived therefrom.
Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
C08K 5/11 - EstersEther-esters of acyclic polycarboxylic acids
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerantsMaterials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
B21J 3/00 - Lubricating during forging or pressing
C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
C10M 143/06 - Lubricating composition characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing butene
12.
Compositions comprising estolide compounds and methods of making and using the same
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C08K 5/11 - EstersEther-esters of acyclic polycarboxylic acids
Provided herein are polyol estolide compounds. Polyol estolides may be prepared by contacting a polyol with an estolide compound. Also provided are compositions containing polyol estolides and methods of making the same.
C07C 59/00 - Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
C07C 69/67 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
Provided herein are grease compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are methods of making estolide-based grease products.
C10M 117/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
C10M 129/10 - Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
Provided herein are methods of making estolide base oils, including those having a high kinematic viscosity. In certain embodiments, an ultra high-viscosity estolide base oil is prepared from hydroxy fatty acids derived from the hydrolysis of a first estolide base oil.
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
16.
Processes for preparing estolide base oils and oligomeric compounds that include cross metathesis
Provided herein are estolide base oils and oligomeric compounds prepared from processes that include cross metathesis. Exemplary processes include the preparation of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids by cross metathesis, and the subsequent oligomerization of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids to provide estolide compounds, such as the process set forth below:
C07C 69/604 - Polycarboxylic acid esters, the acid moiety containing more than two carboxyl groups
C07C 69/67 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
C07C 69/602 - Dicarboxylic acid esters having at least two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C07C 67/347 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisationPreparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by addition to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C08G 63/06 - Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
17.
Processes of preparing estolide compounds that include removing sulfonate residues
Provided herein are processes of preparing sulfonated estolide compounds, and the removal of sulfonate residues from those compounds to provide desulfonated estolide base oils. Exemplary sulfonated estolide compounds include those selected from the formula:
2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said compounds is independently optionally substituted.
C07C 67/317 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groupsPreparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenolysis of functional groups
C08F 20/64 - AcidsMetal salts or ammonium salts thereof
C07C 305/04 - Esters of sulfuric acids having oxygen atoms of sulfate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
C07C 69/604 - Polycarboxylic acid esters, the acid moiety containing more than two carboxyl groups
C07C 67/327 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groupsPreparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenolysis of functional groups by elimination of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
C07C 67/303 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C07C 303/02 - Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acidsPreparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
C11C 3/14 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by isomerisation
18.
Catalytic processes for preparing estolide base oils
Provided herein are processes for preparing estolides and estolide base oils from fatty acid reactants utilizing catalysts. Further provided herein are processes for preparing carboxylic esters from at least one carboxylic acid reactant and at least one olefin.
C07C 67/465 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oligomerisation
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C07C 69/34 - Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
C07C 57/02 - Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
19.
High-and low-viscosity estolide base oils and lubricants
Provided herein are compounds of the formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein compositions comprising the compounds are characterized by particular combinations of values for estolide number, kinematic viscosity, and pour point. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
C07C 59/147 - Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group and containing —CHO groups
C07C 67/465 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oligomerisation
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C07C 57/02 - Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
Provided herein are grease compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are methods of making estolide-based grease products.
C10M 117/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen containing hydroxy groups
C10M 129/10 - Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerantsMaterials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
C10M 143/06 - Lubricating composition characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing butene
22.
ESTER COMPOUNDS INCLUDING TRIESTERS HAVING TERMINAL VICINAL ACYL GROUPS
Provided herein are certain esters, including those of the Formula I: Formula I wherein z is an integer selected from 0 to 15; R1, independently for each occurrence, is an optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Hydroxy compounds are also described herein, which may be suitable end products, or serve as intermediates, to provide the desired ester products. Also described are compositions containing certain esters (e.g., triesters) and methods of making such esters and compositions thereof.
C07C 69/67 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
Provided herein are compositions containing at least one estolide compound and at least one ene and/or Diels Alder compound. In certain embodiments, the addition of at least one ene and/or Diels Alder compound to an estolide-containing composition may improve the cold temperature, viscometric, and/or anti-wear properties of the composition.
Provided herein are compounds prepared from processes that include ethyleneolysis. Exemplary processes include the preparation of terminally-unsaturated fatty acid reactant by ethyleneolysis catalyzed by a cyclic alkyl amino carbene ruthenium complex. The subsequent oligomerization of terminally-unsaturated fatty acid reatants provides estolide compounds, as exemplified by the process set forth below:
C07C 69/604 - Polycarboxylic acid esters, the acid moiety containing more than two carboxyl groups
C07C 69/73 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
C07C 69/533 - Monocarboxylic acid esters having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
C07C 51/353 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by isomerisationPreparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by change of size of the carbon skeleton
C07C 67/465 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oligomerisation
C07C 67/333 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisationPreparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by change of size of the carbon skeleton
C10M 105/40 - Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
B01J 31/28 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
B01J 23/46 - Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
25.
Polyol estolides and methods of making and using the same
Provided herein are polyol estolide compounds. Polyol estolides may be prepared by contacting a polyol with an estolide compound. Also provided are compositions containing polyol estolides and methods of making the same.
C07C 59/147 - Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group and containing —CHO groups
C07C 69/67 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
C07C 67/04 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
A23D 9/00 - Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
Provided herein are estolide base oils and oligomeric compounds prepared from processes that include cross metathesis. Exemplary processes include the preparation of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids by cross metathesis, and the subsequent oligomerization of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids to provide estolide compounds, such as the process set forth below:
C07C 69/604 - Polycarboxylic acid esters, the acid moiety containing more than two carboxyl groups
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C07C 67/347 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisationPreparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by addition to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
Methods and systems for processing a composition comprising an estolide base oil and an immiscible component. In certain embodiments, the process comprises separating an estolide base oil from immiscible components such as water. In certain embodiments, the method comprises one or more of gravity separating, coalescing, and accumulating.
Methods and systems for processing a composition comprising an estolide base oil and an immiscible component. In certain embodiments, the process comprises separating an estolide base oil from immiscible components such as water. In certain embodiments, the method comprises one or more of gravity separating, coalescing, and accumulating.
Provided herein are methods of processing polyester-containing feedstocks to provide hydrocarbon products. Exemplary feedstocks include those containing estolide compounds, which may be processed under thermal and/or catalytic conditions to provide at least one hydrocarbon product.
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
C10G 69/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
30.
Processes of preparing estolide base oils and lubricants that include transesterification
Provided herein are processes of producing estolide base oils, including the process comprising providing at least one fatty acid ester, and contacting the at least one fatty acid ester with at least one fatty acid to form an estolide base oil. Exemplary processes include the use of transesterification to form the at least one fatty acid ester and/or estolide base oil.
C07C 59/147 - Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group and containing —CHO groups
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 105/40 - Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/04 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils
31.
Hydroxy estolides, poly-capped estolides, and methods of making the same
Provided herein are poly-capped estolides, including those of the Formula IV
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Hydroxy estolides are also described herein, which may be suitable end products, or serve as intermediates to provide poly-capped estolides. Also provided are compositions containing poly-capped estolides and methods of making both said poly-capped estolides and compositions thereof.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C07C 69/67 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 129/78 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerantsMaterials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
C10M 143/06 - Lubricating composition characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing butene
33.
Electrical discharge machining comprising the use of estolide compositions
Provided herein are dielectric fluids comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses of dielectric fluids and electrical devices such as transformers that comprise a dielectric fluid comprising at least one estolide compound.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
H01F 41/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
H01B 3/22 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
34.
Processes of preparing estolide compounds that include removing sulfonate residues
Provided herein are processes of preparing sulfonated estolide compounds, and the removal of sulfonate residues from those compounds to provide desulfonated estolide base oils. Exemplary sulfonated estolide compounds include those selected from the formula:
2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said compounds is independently optionally substituted.
C08F 20/64 - AcidsMetal salts or ammonium salts thereof
C07C 305/04 - Esters of sulfuric acids having oxygen atoms of sulfate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
C07C 69/604 - Polycarboxylic acid esters, the acid moiety containing more than two carboxyl groups
C07C 67/327 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groupsPreparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenolysis of functional groups by elimination of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
C11C 3/14 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by isomerisation
35.
Compositions comprising estolide compounds and methods of making and using the same
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerantsMaterials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
Provided herein are compounds of the formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein compositions comprising the compounds are characterized by particular combinations of values for estolide number, kinematic viscosity, and pour point. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
C07C 57/02 - Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
Cooking and frying oils comprising estolide compounds are described. Also described are methods of making food products comprising cooking or otherwise preparing at least one article of food with a composition comprising at least one estolide compound.
A23D 7/005 - Edible oil or fat compositions containing an aqueous phase, e.g. margarines characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
A23G 3/40 - Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipanProcesses for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition characterised by the fats used
A23L 5/10 - General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
A23L 19/18 - Roasted or fried products, e.g. snacks or chips
38.
Catalytic processes for preparing estolide base oils
Provided herein are processes for preparing estolides and estolide base oils from fatty acid reactants utilizing catalysts. Further provided herein are processes for preparing carboxylic esters from at least one carboxylic acid reactant and at least one olefin.
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C07C 69/34 - Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
C07C 57/02 - Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
C07C 67/465 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oligomerisation
C07C 67/48 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
C07C 67/54 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
C07C 69/604 - Polycarboxylic acid esters, the acid moiety containing more than two carboxyl groups
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
39.
ESTOLIDE COMPOSITIONS EXHIBITING SUPERIOR PROPERTIES IN LUBRICANT COMPOSITION
Compounds and compositions, including engine oils and lubricant formulations comprising at least one estolide compound. Exemplary compositions comprise an estolide base oil and an additive package.
Compounds and compositions, including engine oils and lubricant fonnulations comprising at least one estolide compound, for example, a compound of Formula I.Formula I,are disclosed. Exemplary compositions comprise an estolide base oil and an additive package.
Compounds and compositions, including engine oils and lubricant formulations comprising at least one estolide compound. Exemplary compositions comprise an estolide base oil and an additive package.
Estolide compounds and compositions, including two-cycle lubricating compositions comprising at least one estolide compound. Exemplary two-cycle lubricating compositions comprise an estolide base oil and an additive package.
C10M 105/40 - Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
Estolide compounds and compositions, including two-cycle lubricating compositions comprising at least one estolide compound. Exemplary two-cycle lubricating compositions comprise an estolide base oil and an additive package.
C07C 69/34 - Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
C10M 173/02 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
C07C 59/147 - Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group and containing —CHO groups
C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
C10M 105/40 - Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
44.
Estolide and lubricant compositions that contain ene and Diels Alder compounds
Provided herein are compositions containing at least one estolide compound and at least one ene and/or Diels Alder compound. In certain embodiments, the addition of at least one ene and/or Diels Alder compound to an estolide-containing composition may improve the cold temperature, viscometric, and/or anti-wear properties of the composition.
Provided herein are polyol estolide compounds. Polyol estolides may be prepared by contacting a polyol with an estolide compound. Also provided are compositions containing polyol estolides and methods of making the same.
C07C 69/67 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
46.
Cooking oils and food products comprising estolides
Cooking and frying oils comprising estolide compounds are described. Also described are methods of making food products comprising cooking or otherwise preparing at least one article of food with a composition comprising at least one estolide compound.
Provided herein are processes for preparing estolides and estolide base oils from fatty acid reactants utilizing catalysts. Further provided herein are processes for preparing carboxylic esters from at least one carboxylic acid reactant and at least one olefin.
C07C 67/465 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oligomerisation
C07C 69/604 - Polycarboxylic acid esters, the acid moiety containing more than two carboxyl groups
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
C07C 69/34 - Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
C07C 57/02 - Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
B21B 45/02 - Devices for surface treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
B21J 3/00 - Lubricating during forging or pressing
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerantsMaterials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
Provided herein are compositions containing at least one estolide compound and at least one ene and/or Diels Alder compound. In certain embodiments, the addition of at least one ene and/or Diels Alder compound to an estolide-containing composition may improve the cold temperature, viscometric, and/or anti-wear properties of the composition.
Provided herein are compositions containing at least one estolide compound and at least one ene and/or Diels Alder compound. In certain embodiments, the addition of at least one ene and/or Diels Alder compound to an estolide-containing composition may improve the cold temperature, viscometric, and/or anti-wear properties of the composition.
C10M 105/08 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
C10M 111/02 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
51.
Processes of preparing estolide compounds that include removing sulfonate residues
Provided herein are processes of preparing sulfonated estolide compounds, and the removal of sulfonate residues from those compounds to provide desulfonated estolide base oils. Exemplary sulfonated estolide compounds include those selected from the formula:
2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said compounds is independently optionally substituted.
C07C 59/235 - Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group
C07C 67/327 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by splitting-off hydrogen or functional groupsPreparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenolysis of functional groups by elimination of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
C11C 3/14 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by isomerisation
52.
Processes for preparing estolide base oils and oligomeric compounds that include cross metathesis
Provided herein are estolide base oils and oligomeric compounds prepared from processes that include cross metathesis. Exemplary processes include the preparation of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids by cross metathesis, and the subsequent oligomerization of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids to provide estolide compounds, such as the process set forth below:
C07C 69/604 - Polycarboxylic acid esters, the acid moiety containing more than two carboxyl groups
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C07C 67/347 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisationPreparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by addition to unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
53.
PROCESSES OF PREPARING ESTOLIDE COMPOUNDS THAT INCLUDE REMOVING SULFONATE RESIDUES
Provided herein are processes of preparing sulfonated estolide compounds, and the removal of sulfonate residues from those compounds to provide desulfonated estolide base oils. Exemplary sulfonated estolide compounds include those selected from Formula (III); wherein z is an integer selected from 0 to 15; q is an integer selected from 0 to 15; x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20; y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected 0 to 20; n is equal to or greater than 0; R6 is selected from -OH, optionally substituted alkyl, and optionally substituted aryl; and R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said compounds is independently optionally substituted.
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
C11C 3/14 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by isomerisation
54.
PROCESSES OF PREPARING ESTOLIDE COMPOUNDS THAT INCLUDE REMOVING SULFONATE RESIDUES
Provided herein are processes of preparing sulfonated estolide compounds, and the removal of sulfonate residues from those compounds to provide desulfonated estolide base oils. Exemplary sulfonated estolide compounds include those selected from Formula (III); wherein z is an integer selected from 0 to 15; q is an integer selected from 0 to 15; x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20; y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected 0 to 20; n is equal to or greater than 0; R6 is selected from -OH, optionally substituted alkyl, and optionally substituted aryl; and R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said compounds is independently optionally substituted.
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
C11C 3/14 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by isomerisation
55.
Dielectric fluids comprising estolide compounds and methods of making and using the same
Provided herein are dielectric fluids comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses of dielectric fluids and electrical devices such as transformers that comprise a dielectric fluid comprising at least one estolide compound.
H01B 3/20 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
H01F 41/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
H01B 3/22 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
56.
Estolide compositions exhibiting high oxidative stability
Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
57.
PROCESSES FOR PREPARING ESTOLIDE BASE OILS AND LUBRICANTS THAT INCLUDE TRANSESTERIFICATION
Provided herein are processes of producing estolide base oils, including the process comprising providing at least one fatty acid ester, and contacting the at least one fatty acid ester with at least one fatty acid to form an estolide base oil. Exemplary processes include the use of transesterification to form the at least one fatty acid ester and/or estolide base oil.
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
58.
Processes of preparing estolide base oils and lubricants that include transesterification
Provided herein are processes of producing estolide base oils, including the process comprising providing at least one fatty acid ester, and contacting the at least one fatty acid ester with at least one fatty acid to form an estolide base oil. Exemplary processes include the use of transesterification to form the at least one fatty acid ester and/or estolide base oil.
C10M 105/40 - Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/04 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils
Provided herein are compounds of the formula:
4 is sulfurized or epoxidized. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
C10M 105/72 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 135/34 - Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon only
C10M 129/78 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, hydroxy carboxylic acids
C08K 5/101 - EstersEther-esters of monocarboxylic acids
Provided herein are processes of preparing sulfonated estolide compounds, and the removal of sulfonate residues from those compounds to provide desulfonated estolide base oils. Exemplary sulfonated estolide compounds include those selected from the formula:
2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said compounds is independently optionally substituted.
Provided herein are compounds of the formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
Described herein are dicarboxylate-capped estolide compound and methods of making the same. Exemplary dicarboxylate-capped estolide compounds include those of the formula
2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one compound is independently optionally substituted.
C07C 59/147 - Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group and containing —CHO groups
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 105/40 - Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
63.
Acetic acid-capped estolide base oils and methods of making the same
Provided herein are compounds, including those of the Formula II
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are compositions containing such compounds and methods of making both compounds and compositions thereof.
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
65.
PROCESSES FOR PREPARING ESTOLIDE BASE OILS AND OLIGOMERIC COMPOUNDS THAT INCLUDE CROSS METATHESIS
Provided herein are estolide base oils and oligomeric compounds useful as base oils and lubricants prepared from processes that include cross metathesis. Exemplary processes include the preparation of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids by cross metathesis, and the subsequent oligomerization of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids to provide estolide compounds.
C08G 63/06 - Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
Provided herein are estolide base oils and oligomeric compounds prepared from processes that include cross metathesis. Exemplary processes include the preparation of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids by cross metathesis, and the subsequent oligomerization of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids to provide estolide compounds
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 107/32 - Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesPolyestersPolyethers
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
67.
Processes for preparing estolide base oils and oligomeric compounds that include cross metathesis
Provided herein are estolide base oils and oligomeric compounds prepared from processes that include cross metathesis. Exemplary processes include the preparation of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids by cross metathesis, and the subsequent oligomerization of terminally-unsaturated fatty acids to provide estolide compounds, such as the process set forth below:
C07C 59/235 - Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group
C07C 69/66 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
C07C 69/34 - Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
Provided herein are compounds of the formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein compositions comprising the compounds are characterized by particular combinations of values for estolide number, kinematic viscosity, and pour point. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.
Provided herein are poly-capped estolides, including those of Formula (IV): in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 2; R1 is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3 and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Hydroxy estolides are also described herein, which may be suitable end products, or serve as intermediates to provide poly-capped estolides. Also provided are compositions containing poly-capped estolides and methods of making both said poly-capped estolides and compositions thereof.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C07C 323/51 - Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C11C 3/08 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis by esterification of fats or fatty oils with fatty acids
Provided herein are poly-capped estolides, including those of the Formula IV
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Hydroxy estolides are also described herein, which may be suitable end products, or serve as intermediates to provide poly-capped estolides. Also provided are compositions containing poly-capped estolides and methods of making both said poly-capped estolides and compositions thereof.
C07C 51/00 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides
C08G 63/20 - Polyesters having been prepared in the presence of compounds having one reactive group or more than two reactive groups
C07D 301/27 - Condensation of epihalohydrins or halohydrins with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms
C07D 493/00 - Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
Provided herein are dielectric fluids comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses of dielectric fluids and electrical devices such as transformers that comprise a dielectric fluid comprising at least one estolide compound.
Estolide compounds that may be suitable for use in personal care and cosmetic formulations, and method of preparing the same. The estolides can be tailored to exhibit the desired viscometric and lubricity properties, while retaining or even improving other properties desirable in such products. The claims are directed to a cosmetic formulation comprising water;at least one humectant; at least one thickener; at least one surfactant; and at least one estolide compound selected from compounds of Formula I.
Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula: (I) in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3 and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
76.
DIELECTRIC FLUIDS COMPRISING ESTOLIDE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME
Provided herein are dielectric fluids comprising at least one estolide compound of formula (II); in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3 and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses of dielectric fluids and electrical devices such as transformers that comprise a dielectric fluid comprising at least one estolide compound.
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
77.
Sulfurized estolides and methods of making and using the same
Provided herein are compounds of the formula:
4 is sulfurized or epoxidized. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula (I): in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3 and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 169/02 - Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C10N 50/10 - Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solidForm in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated greasy
80.
DIELECTRIC FLUIDS COMPRISING ESTOLIDE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME
Provided herein are dielectric fluids comprising at least one estolide compound of formula (II); in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3 and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses of dielectric fluids and electrical devices such as transformers that comprise a dielectric fluid comprising at least one estolide compound.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
Provided herein are estolide compositions having high oxidative stability, said compositions comprising at least one compound of formula: (I) in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3 and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses for the compositions and methods of preparing the same.
C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
Provided herein are grease compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are methods of making estolide-based grease products.
Provided herein are grease compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula (II), in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 2; R1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3 and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are methods of making estolide- based grease products.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
C10M 169/02 - Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
C10N 50/10 - Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solidForm in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated greasy
84.
EPOXIDIZED ESTOLIDES, SULFURIZED ESTOLIDES, AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME
Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R1; R3, and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein at least one of R1; R2, R3, or R4 is sulfurized or epoxidized. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 169/02 - Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C10M 105/72 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
C10M 129/78 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids, hydroxy carboxylic acids
C10M 135/34 - Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon only
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C07C 323/51 - Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
Provided herein are dielectric fluids comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided herein are uses of dielectric fluids and electrical devices such as transformers that comprise a dielectric fluid comprising at least one estolide compound.
H01B 3/20 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.
Provided herein are compounds of the formula:
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein compositions comprising the compounds are characterized by particular combinations of values for estolide number, kinematic viscosity, and pour point. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
Provided herein are processes for preparing estolides and estolide base oils from fatty acid reactants utilizing catalysts. Further provided herein are processes for preparing carboxylic esters from at least one carboxylic acid reactant and at least one olefin.
C07C 59/00 - Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
C07C 69/34 - Esters of acyclic saturated polycarboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
C07C 69/52 - Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
89.
Acetic acid-capped estolide base oils and methods of making the same
Provided herein are compounds, including those of the Formula II
4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are compositions containing such compounds and methods of making both compounds and compositions thereof.
Provided herein are compounds of the formula: (see above formula) in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl, and branched or unbranched, or an optionally substituted alkenyl that is branched or unbranched; and R1, R3, and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl, and branched or unbranched, or an optionally substituted alkenyl that is branched or unbranched; wherein compositions comprising the compounds are characterized by particular combinations of values for estolide number, kinematic viscosity, and pour point. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
91.
HIGH-AND LOW-VISCOSITY ESTOLIDE BASE OILS AND LUBRICANTS
Provided herein are compounds of the formula: in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R1, R3, and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched, wherein compositions comprising the compounds are characterized by particular combinations of values for estolide number, kinematic viscosity, and pour point. Also provided are compositions containing the compounds and methods of making both the compounds and compositions thereof.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
Provided herein are processes for preparing estolides and estolide base oils from fatty acid reactants utilizing catalysts. Further provided herein are processes for preparing carboxylic esters from at least one carboxylic acid reactant and at least one olefin.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
Provided herein are compounds, including those of the Formula II, in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R2, is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R3, and R4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are compositions containing such compounds and methods of making both compounds and compositions thereof.
C10M 105/42 - Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
C11C 3/00 - Fats, oils or fatty acids obtained by chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acids, e.g. by ozonolysis
