Bio-based ethanol, such as ethanol produced from lignocellulosic materials, for example, is processed to produce bio-based ethylene, which can then be processed further to produce other bio-based materials including bio-based polymers and copolymers, including bio-based polyethylene, bio-based α-olefins, bio-based 1,2-diols, as well as other compounds.
In various embodiments, the present invention provides polymeric compositions that combine polylactic acid (PLA) (or heteropolymers of lactic acid) with additives (organic or inorganic), such as elastomeric additives and/or co-polymer additives. Such polymeric blends may exhibit improved mechanical properties and/or degradation rates compared to PLA homo-polymer (or a lactic acid heteropolymer).
Bio-based ethanol, such as ethanol produced from lignocellulosic materials, for example, is processed to produce bio-based ethylene, which can then be processed further to produce other bio-based materials including bio-based polymers and copolymers, including bio-based polyethylene, bio-based α-olefins, bio-based 1,2-diols, as well as other compounds.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
In various embodiments, the present invention provides polymeric compositions that combine polylactic acid (PLA) (or heteropolymers of lactic acid) with additives (organic or inorganic), such as elastomeric additives and/or co-polymer additives. Such polymeric blends may exhibit improved mechanical properties and/or degradation rates compared to PLA homo-polymer (or a lactic acid heteropolymer).
Techniques for processing biomass are disclosed herein. A method of preparing cellulosic ethanol having 100% biogenic carbon content as determined by ASTM 6866-18, includes treating ground corn cobs with electron beam radiation and saccharifying the irradiated ground corn cob to produce sugars. The method also includes fermenting the sugars with a microorganism. In addition, an unblended cellulosic-biomass derived gasoline with a research octane number of greater than about 87, as determined by ASTM D2699 is disclosed.
C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
C08B 1/00 - Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof
C12P 19/00 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C07C 27/24 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by oxo-reaction with moving catalysts
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C07C 27/04 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds
B02C 23/18 - Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
D21B 1/02 - Pretreatment of the raw materials by physical or chemical means
D21B 1/06 - Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
H01J 37/30 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
D21B 1/10 - Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods the raw material being waste paperFibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods the raw material being rags by cutting actions
C07C 27/00 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds
Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems and methods, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials.
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
B65G 27/04 - Load-carriers other than helical or spiral channels or conduits
G21K 5/04 - Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
G21K 5/10 - Irradiation devices with provision for relative movement of beam source and object to be irradiated
H01J 5/18 - Windows permeable to X-rays, gamma-rays, or particles
C10G 32/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by particle radiation
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10B 19/00 - Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
C10L 5/46 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
C10L 5/40 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
B01J 19/22 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of endless belts
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
H01J 37/20 - Means for supporting or positioning the object or the materialMeans for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, while cooling equipment and the biomass to prevent overheating and possible distortion and/or degradation. The biomass is conveyed by a conveyor, which conveys the biomass under an electron beam from an electron beam accelerator. The conveyor can be cooled with cooling fluid. The conveyor can also vibrate to facilitate exposure to the electron beam. The conveyor can be configured as a trough that can be optionally cooled.
B65G 11/20 - Auxiliary devices, e.g. for deflecting, controlling speed of, or agitating, articles or solids
B65G 69/20 - Auxiliary treatments, e.g. aerating, heating, humidifying, de-aerating, cooling, de-watering, or drying, during loading or unloadingLoading or unloading in a fluid medium other than air
H01J 37/20 - Means for supporting or positioning the object or the materialMeans for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
Techniques for processing biomass are disclosed herein. A method of preparing cellulosic ethanol having 100% biogenic carbon content as determined by ASTM 6866-18, includes treating ground corn cobs with electron beam radiation and saccharifying the irradiated ground corn cob to produce sugars. The method also includes fermenting the sugars with a microorganism. In additional, a cellulosic biomass-derived jet fuel comprising about 25% of aromatic hydrocarbons, about 2.5% of alkenes, about 41% of alkanes, and about 8.5% of oxygenated compounds (wt./wt.) is disclosed.
C07C 1/207 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as hetero atoms from carbonyl compounds
Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults.
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C07C 31/12 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing four carbon atoms
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce a product or intermediate, e.g., energy, a food, a fuel, or a material.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. Systems, methods and equipment are described for upgrading process streams using electrodialysis or electrodialysis reversal.
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
E04B 1/92 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
B65G 53/04 - Conveying materials in bulk pneumatically through pipes or tubesAir slides
D21C 9/00 - After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C12P 7/04 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for aerobic fermentation of an aqueous sugar solution is provided. The system includes a vessel, at least one air diffuser in fluid communication with an interior of the vessel, and at least one blower that is configured to deliver air to the at least one air diffuser.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, while cooling equipment and the biomass to prevent overheating and possible distortion and/or degradation. The biomass is conveyed by a conveyor, which conveys the biomass under an electron beam from an electron beam accelerator. The conveyor can be cooled with cooling fluid. The conveyor can also vibrate to facilitate exposure to the electron beam. The conveyor can be configured as a trough that can be optionally cooled.
B01J 19/22 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of endless belts
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
G21F 3/00 - Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
C10G 32/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by particle radiation
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10B 19/00 - Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
D21B 1/02 - Pretreatment of the raw materials by physical or chemical means
H01J 37/20 - Means for supporting or positioning the object or the materialMeans for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
B65G 27/04 - Load-carriers other than helical or spiral channels or conduits
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
D21C 9/00 - After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters
C07C 31/12 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing four carbon atoms
C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
B65G 53/04 - Conveying materials in bulk pneumatically through pipes or tubesAir slides
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults.
D21C 9/00 - After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters
G21K 5/04 - Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
E04B 1/92 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
B65G 53/04 - Conveying materials in bulk pneumatically through pipes or tubesAir slides
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C12P 7/04 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the equipment is protected from radiation and hazardous gases by equipment enclosures. The equipment enclosures may be purged with gas.
C10G 32/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by particle radiation
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10B 19/00 - Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B01J 19/22 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of endless belts
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
D21B 1/02 - Pretreatment of the raw materials by physical or chemical means
H01J 37/20 - Means for supporting or positioning the object or the materialMeans for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
B65G 27/04 - Load-carriers other than helical or spiral channels or conduits
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. Systems, methods and equipment are described for upgrading process streams using electrodialysis or electrodialysis reversal.
The present invention relates to compositions comprising an aglycosylated polypeptide having cellobiase activity, and methods for producing and using the same.
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, especially, xylose, which can then be chemically converted to furfural and furfural-derived products.
According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for aerobic fermentation of an aqueous sugar solution is provided. The system includes a vessel, at least one air diffuser in fluid communication with an interior of the vessel, and at least one blower that is configured to deliver air to the at least one air diffuser.
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is saccharified in a vessel by operation of a jet mixer, the vessel also containing a liquid medium and a saccharifying agent.
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, while cooling equipment and the biomass to prevent overheating and possible distortion and/or degradation. The biomass is conveyed by a conveyor, which conveys the biomass under an electron beam from an electron beam accelerator. The conveyor can be cooled with cooling fluid. The conveyor can also vibrate to facilitate exposure to the electron beam. The conveyor can be configured as a trough that can be optionally cooled.
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B01J 19/22 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of endless belts
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
C10G 32/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by particle radiation
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10B 19/00 - Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
G21F 3/00 - Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
D21B 1/02 - Pretreatment of the raw materials by physical or chemical means
H01J 37/20 - Means for supporting or positioning the object or the materialMeans for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
B65G 27/04 - Load-carriers other than helical or spiral channels or conduits
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
Functionalized substrate materials, for example inorganic particles and/or synthetic polymeric particles, are used to enhance bioprocesses such as saccharification and fermentation.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.
A61K 8/97 - Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof, of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plantsCosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof, of undetermined constitution from derivatives thereof
B01D 39/18 - Other self-supporting filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 3/28 - Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
C12P 19/44 - Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
D21C 5/00 - Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters
D21C 9/00 - After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters
A23K 10/12 - Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
A23K 10/30 - Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hayAnimal feeding-stuffs from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
A23K 10/37 - Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hayAnimal feeding-stuffs from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
Systems and methods for monitoring and improving the treatment of biomass are described comprising determining a dose of radiation a biomass material has received during treatment with ionizing radiation and for determining an optimum dose for maximum sugar yields from biomass. A plurality of biomass portions are irradiated to a dose and the ESR response is measured to produce a polynomial curve of response versus dosage.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.
A61K 8/97 - Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof, of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plantsCosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof, of undetermined constitution from derivatives thereof
B01D 39/18 - Other self-supporting filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 3/28 - Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
C12P 19/44 - Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
The use of cell matter in fermentation mixtures for producing a product is disclosed. In embodiments, the product comprises carbohydrates, alcohols, or organic acids (e.g., lactic acid or succinic acid), or mixtures thereof.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, microbial, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as food products and amino acids.
A61K 8/97 - Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof, of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plantsCosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof, of undetermined constitution from derivatives thereof
B01D 39/18 - Other self-supporting filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being cellulose or derivatives thereof
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08J 3/28 - Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
C12P 19/44 - Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
D21C 5/00 - Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters
D21C 9/00 - After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters
A23K 10/12 - Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
A23K 10/30 - Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hayAnimal feeding-stuffs from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
A23K 10/37 - Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hayAnimal feeding-stuffs from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
The present invention relates to compositions to induce production of proteins, e.g., enzymes, e.g., amylases or biomass degrading enzymes in a host cell, and methods for increasing the yield of the proteins, e.g., enzymes produced. Such compositions comprise a caramelized sugar product. The methods described herein can also be used to enhance processing of biomass materials, e.g., to produce sugar products.
C12N 1/38 - Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factorsStimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
C12N 1/22 - Processes using, or culture media containing, cellulose or hydrolysates thereof
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, while cooling equipment and the biomass to prevent overheating and possible distortion and/or degradation. The biomass is conveyed by a conveyor, which conveys the biomass under an electron beam from an electron beam accelerator. The conveyor can be cooled with cooling fluid. The conveyor can also vibrate to facilitate exposure to the electron beam. The conveyor can be configured as a trough that can be optionally cooled.
Described herein are products comprising a xylose (e.g., D-xylose or L-xylose and another sweetener such as glucose). Exemplary products include the following: ice cream, ice milk, sorbet, sherbet, gelatin candies, baby food, animal food, e.g., dog, cat, canine, or equine food, seasonings, sauces, cosmetics, dietary supplements, lip stick, lip gloss, face and body preparations, pharmaceuticals, such as flu and cold preparations, nutraceuticals, surgical preparations, procedure preparations, imaging preparations, e.g., CT scan imaging preparations, pain relievers, nasal spray, cheese, vegetables, mayonnaise, mustard, salad dressings, nuts and nut mixes, cookies, pastries, fruit flavored snacks, pancakes, waffles, hot cocoa mix, caramel, shampoo, dental floss, donuts, egg noodles, lollypops, frozen pops, soda pop, chips, potato chips, tortilla chips, corn chips, sports drinks, rice cakes, oatmeals, teas, cereals, rice mixtures, flavored water, alcohol, alcohol mixers, soaps, energy drinks, coffee, coffee flavored drinks, coffee products, cake mixes, chili, chip dip, chip sauces, fibers, such as cellulosic and lignocellulosic fibers and fiber supplements, meats, e.g., deli meats, drink mixes, pasta, meals ready to eat, coconut water, candies, e.g., hard and soft candies, chocolate, candy bars, sports bars and energy bars. In embodiments, the xylose containing product is made using a method described herein. For example, the xylose is produced from a biomass described herein.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
D21B 1/10 - Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods the raw material being waste paperFibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods the raw material being rags by cutting actions
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
C08L 97/02 - Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 15/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
C10G 32/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
C10G 49/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
C12M 1/107 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C12P 7/14 - Multiple stages of fermentationMultiple types of microorganisms or reuse for microorganisms
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C12N 9/24 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
F01K 7/16 - Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of enginePlants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processesControl means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processesUse of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
F01K 9/00 - Steam engine plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
F01K 13/02 - Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
F22B 1/00 - Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
C12P 7/02 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce a product or intermediate, e.g., energy, a food, a fuel, or a material.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the equipment is protected from radiation and hazardous gases by equipment enclosures. The equipment enclosures may be purged with gas.
D21B 1/02 - Pretreatment of the raw materials by physical or chemical means
C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
C10G 32/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by particle radiation
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10B 19/00 - Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
G21F 3/00 - Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B01J 19/22 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of endless belts
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
H01J 37/20 - Means for supporting or positioning the object or the materialMeans for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support
Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults.
G21K 5/04 - Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
E04B 1/92 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
Methods are provided for reducing one or more dimensions of individual pieces of biomass; treating biomass, such as size-reduced biomass; changing a molecular structure of a biomass material; and, optionally, subjecting the biomass to a primary process to form a product. The methods include processing biomass materials using a screw extrusion process, and treating the biomass material with a screw extrusion process in size-reduction and treating steps.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
C07C 27/24 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by oxo-reaction with moving catalysts
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C07C 27/04 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C08B 1/00 - Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof
B02C 23/18 - Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
C12P 19/00 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
D21B 1/02 - Pretreatment of the raw materials by physical or chemical means
D21B 1/06 - Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
H01J 37/30 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C07C 27/00 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to proceed ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
C12P 7/58 - Aldonic, ketoaldonic or saccharic acids
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
C12N 1/38 - Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factorsStimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is dispersed in a liquid medium and then saccharified.
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C12M 1/40 - Apparatus specially designed for the use of free, immobilised, or carrier-bound enzymes, e.g. apparatus containing a fluidised bed of immobilised enzymes
The present invention relates to mixtures comprising a polypeptide or a plurality of polypeptides having biomass-degrading activity that is solubilized from an inclusion body, and retaining biomass-degrading activity, and methods for producing and using the same. The invention described herein provides methods for increasing the yield of recombinant protein with biomass-degrading activity that can be isolated from host cells.
A61K 36/00 - Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
Described herein are products comprising a xylose (e.g., D-xylose or L-xylose and another sweetener such as glucose). Exemplary products include the following: ice cream, ice milk, sorbet, sherbet, gelatin candies, baby food, animal food, e.g., dog, cat, canine, or equine food, seasonings, sauces, cosmetics, dietary supplements, lip stick, lip gloss, face and body preparations, pharmaceuticals, such as flu and cold preparations, nutraceuticals, surgical preparations, procedure preparations, imaging preparations, e.g., CT scan imaging preparations, pain relievers, nasal spray, cheese, vegetables, mayonnaise, mustard, salad dressings, nuts and nut mixes, cookies, pastries, fruit flavored snacks, pancakes, waffles, hot cocoa mix, caramel, shampoo, dental floss, donuts, egg noodles, lollypops, frozen pops, soda pop, chips, potato chips, tortilla chips, corn chips, sports drinks, rice cakes, oatmeals, teas, cereals, rice mixtures, flavored water, alcohol, alcohol mixers, soaps, energy drinks, coffee, coffee flavored drinks, coffee products, cake mixes, chili, chip dip, chip sauces, fibers, such as cellulosic and lignocellulosic fibers and fiber supplements, meats, e.g., deli meats, drink mixes, pasta, meals ready to eat, coconut water, candies, e.g., hard and soft candies, chocolate, candy bars, sports bars and energy bars. In embodiments, the xylose containing product is made using a method described herein. For example, the xylose is produced from a biomass described herein.
Described herein are edible products comprising a xylose (e.g., D-xylose or L-xylose) and another sweetener such as glucose. Products include confections, beverages, human food, animal food, chewing gum, dentifrice, mouthwash, candy bars, sports bars and energy bars, etc. The xylose containing product is made using xylose produced from a biomass.
Described herein are products comprising a xylose (e.g., D-xylose or L-xylose and another sweetener such as glucose). Exemplary products include cosmetic products, oral care products, therapeutic products, nutraceutical products, diagnostic, beverages, animal food products, and human food products. Methods of making the xylose containing products from biomass is provided.
lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Rhizopus, Enterococcus) to produce an alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxycarboxylic acid (such as lactic acid, glycolic acid); and converting the alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxy-carboxylic acid to the product (such as esters, polymers, and copolymers).
C08G 63/06 - Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C07C 67/28 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
C07C 27/04 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds
C07C 27/00 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds
Functionalized substrate materials, for example inorganic particles and/or synthetic polymeric particles, are used to enhance bioprocesses such as saccharification and fermentation.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as aliphatic hydroxy-carboxylic acid and hydroxyl-carboxylic acid derivatives. These aliphatic hydroxy-carboxylic acids are, in turn, polymerized. The polymerization is carried out using a thin film evaporator or a thin film polymerization/devolatilization device. Conversion of lactic acid to poly lactic acid is an especially useful product to this process.
A61K 8/97 - Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof, of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plantsCosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof, of undetermined constitution from derivatives thereof
A61Q 13/00 - Formulations or additives for perfume preparations
C08J 3/24 - Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
A61K 8/99 - Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof, of undetermined constitution from microorganisms other than algae or fungi, e.g. protozoa or bacteria
C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
49.
Functionalizing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials
Irradiated lignocellulosic or cellulosic materials are provided which contain carboxylic acid groups and/or other functional groups not present in a naturally occurring cellulosic or lignocellulosic material from which the irradiated material was obtained.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C10G 11/00 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
C10G 15/10 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs by particle radiation
C08B 1/00 - Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
The present invention relates to compositions comprising an aglycosylated polypeptide having cellobiase activity, and methods for producing and using the same. The present invention is based, at least in part, on the surprising discovery that a cellobiase from Trichoderma reesei that was expressed in a non-fungal cell line and isolated from a host cell that does not significantly glycosylate the enzyme had higher specific activity on pure substrate than the endogenous cellobiase (glycosylated and secreted) from T. reesei.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 11/00 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10G 15/10 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs by particle radiation
C10G 47/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C12P 7/14 - Multiple stages of fermentationMultiple types of microorganisms or reuse for microorganisms
C08B 1/00 - Preparatory treatment of cellulose for making derivatives thereof
C08L 97/02 - Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
C12P 19/04 - Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can be useful for separating solids and high molecular weight species from liquids of bioprocessed biomass material slurries.
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can be useful for separating solids from liquids of bioprocessed biomass material slurries. For example, filtration systems are described that include multiple centrifuges, e.g., multiple tandem centrifuges.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
C10G 32/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by particle radiation
Methods of marking plastic-based products and marked plastic-based products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the product to alter the functionalization of the plastic. In general, the present disclosure features methods of marking substrates, e.g., substrates including plastics, such as plastic-based products, such as polymer banknotes. Such plastics can be rigid or flexible, e.g., elastomeric. Such plastics can be thermoplastic or thermosets. In some cases, the products are marked by irradiating plastic-based materials, e.g., sheet materials, under conditions that alter characteristics of the irradiated plastic.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
C07C 27/04 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds
C07C 27/00 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
Systems and methods that include providing, e.g., obtaining or preparing, a material that includes a hydrocarbon carried by an inorganic substrate, and exposing the material to a plurality of energetic particles, such as accelerated charged particles, such as electrons or ions.
E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
E21B 43/28 - Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 15/08 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs by electric means or by electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations
C10G 15/10 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs by particle radiation
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, while cooling equipment and the biomass to prevent overheating and possible distortion and/or degradation. The biomass is conveyed by a conveyor, which conveys the biomass under an electron beam from an electron beam accelerator. The conveyor can be cooled with cooling fluid. The conveyor can also vibrate to facilitate exposure to the electron beam. The conveyor can be configured as a trough that can be optionally cooled.
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is saccharified in a vessel by operation of a jet mixer, the vessel also containing a fluid medium and a saccharifying agent.
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C12M 1/34 - Measuring or testing with condition measuring or sensing means, e.g. colony counters
C12M 1/36 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology including condition or time responsive control, e.g. automatically controlled fermentors
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C12M 1/40 - Apparatus specially designed for the use of free, immobilised, or carrier-bound enzymes, e.g. apparatus containing a fluidised bed of immobilised enzymes
C12M 1/02 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with agitation meansApparatus for enzymology or microbiology with heat exchange means
Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials and useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, irradiating methods and systems are described to aid in the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials. The electron beam accelerator has multiple windows foils and these foils are cooled with cooling gas. In one configuration a secondary foil is integral to the electron beam accelerator and in another configuration the secondary foil is part of the enclosure for the biomass conveying system.
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
H01J 5/18 - Windows permeable to X-rays, gamma-rays, or particles
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
H01J 7/26 - Cooling arrangementsHeating arrangementsMeans for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space by flow of fluid through passages associated with tube or lamp
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation. Hydrocarbon-containing materials are also used as feedstocks.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 9/24 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by heating with electrical means
C10G 15/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
C10G 15/10 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs by particle radiation
C10L 9/00 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10G 15/08 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs by electric means or by electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C10G 5/00 - Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
C10G 51/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only plural serial stages only including only thermal and catalytic cracking steps
C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, where the feedstock is enclosed in a web.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
29 - Meat, dairy products, prepared or preserved foods
30 - Basic staples, tea, coffee, baked goods and confectionery
32 - Beers; non-alcoholic beverages
33 - Alcoholic beverages other than beer
Goods & Services
Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations; sanitary
preparations for medical purposes; dietetic food and
substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for
babies; dietary supplements for humans and animals;
plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping
teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for
destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides; all same products
containing mixtures and compositions for same. Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved,
frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies;
jams, compotes; eggs; milk and milk products; edible oils
and fats; all same products containing mixtures and
compositions for same. Coffee, tea, cocoa and artificial coffee; rice; tapioca and
sago; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread,
pastry and confectionery; ices; sugar, honey, treacle;
yeast, baking-powder; salt; mustard; vinegar, sauces
(condiments); spices; ice; all same products containing
mixtures and compositions for same. Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic
beverages; fruit beverages and fruit juices; syrups and
other preparations for making beverages. Alcoholic beverages (except beers); all same products
containing mixtures and compositions for same.
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
29 - Meat, dairy products, prepared or preserved foods
30 - Basic staples, tea, coffee, baked goods and confectionery
32 - Beers; non-alcoholic beverages
33 - Alcoholic beverages other than beer
Goods & Services
Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations; sanitary
preparations for medical purposes; dietetic food and
substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for
babies; dietary supplements for humans and animals;
plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping
teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for
destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides; all same products
containing mixtures and compositions for same. Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved,
frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies;
jams, compotes; eggs; milk and milk products; edible oils
and fats; all same products containing mixtures and
compositions for same. Coffee, tea, cocoa and artificial coffee; rice; tapioca and
sago; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread,
pastry and confectionery; ices; sugar, honey, treacle;
yeast, baking-powder; salt; mustard; vinegar, sauces
(condiments); spices; ice; all same products containing
mixtures and compositions for same. Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic
beverages; fruit beverages and fruit juices; syrups and
other preparations for making beverages. Alcoholic beverages (except beers); all same products
containing mixtures and compositions for same.
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can be useful in enhancing sugar yields from biomass.
Irradiated lignocellulosic or cellulosic materials are provided which contain carboxylic acid groups and/or other functional groups not present in a naturally occurring cellulosic or lignocellulosic material from which the irradiated material was obtained.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
C08L 97/02 - Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 15/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
C10G 32/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
C10G 49/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
C12M 1/107 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C12P 7/14 - Multiple stages of fermentationMultiple types of microorganisms or reuse for microorganisms
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C12N 9/24 - Hydrolases (3.) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
F01K 7/16 - Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of enginePlants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processesControl means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processesUse of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
F01K 9/00 - Steam engine plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
F01K 13/02 - Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
70.
Textiles and methods and systems for producing textiles
Textiles are provided that include fibrous cellulosic materials having an α-cellulose content of less than about 93%, the fibrous materials being spun, woven, knitted, or entangled. The fibrous cellulosic materials can be irradiated with a dose of ionizing radiation that is sufficient to increase the molecular weight of the cellulosic materials without causing significant depolymerization of the cellulosic materials. Methods of treating textiles that include irradiating the textiles are also provided.
D04H 1/42 - Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
D03D 15/00 - Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
D06M 10/00 - Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents or magnetic fieldsPhysical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
D06M 10/02 - Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents or magnetic fieldsPhysical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonicCorona discharge
Methods of treating wood and wood products include irradiating untreated wood having a first molecular weight with ionizing radiation to cause an increase in the molecular weight of a cellulosic component of the wood to a second, relatively higher molecular weight.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
C08L 97/02 - Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 15/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
C10G 32/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
C10G 49/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or with moving solid particles suspended in the oil, e.g. slurries
C10L 5/44 - Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
C12M 1/107 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, methods are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., by fermentation.
C12P 7/64 - FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as poly carboxylic acids and poly carboxylic acid derivatives.
C12P 1/04 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes by using bacteria
C12P 1/06 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes by using actinomycetales
ABSTRACT Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as amino-alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid and amino-alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid derivatives. These products include polymers and copolymers of alpha-amino, omega-dicarboxylic acids.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.
C07C 27/04 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds by reduction of oxygen-containing compounds
C07C 27/00 - Processes involving the simultaneous production of more than one class of oxygen-containing compounds
D21B 1/02 - Pretreatment of the raw materials by physical or chemical means
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
C12P 7/10 - Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as hydroxy-carboxylic acids and hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives. A method includes treating a reduced recalcitrance lignocellulosic or cellulosic material with one or more enzymes and/or organisms (such as lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Rhizopus, Enterococcus) to produce an alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxycarboxylic acid (such as lactic acid, glycolic acid); and converting the alpha, beta, gamma and/or delta hydroxy-carboxylic acid to the product (such as esters, polymers, and copolymers).
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as aliphatic hydroxy-carboxylic acid and hydroxyl-carboxylic acid derivatives. These aliphatic hydroxy-carboxylic acids are, in turn, polymerized. The polymerization is carried out using a thin film evaporator or a thin film polymerization/devolatilization device. Conversion of lactic acid to poly lactic acid is an especially useful product to this process.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. Systems, methods and equipment are described for upgrading process streams using electrodialysis or electrodialysis reversal.
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
E04B 1/92 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults.
G21K 5/04 - Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
E04B 1/92 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which hazardous gases are removed, destroyed and/or converted. The treatments are efficient and can reduce the recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic material so that it is easier to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., sugars, alcohols, sugar alcohols and energy, from the lignocellulosic material.
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
H01J 37/30 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
E04B 1/92 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in two or more vaults that can share a common wall.
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
E04B 1/92 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C07C 29/149 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C12P 7/04 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described.
G21K 5/04 - Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
E04B 1/92 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.
G21K 5/04 - Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
E04B 1/92 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
H01J 37/317 - Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. ion implantation
C13K 1/02 - GlucoseGlucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
C13K 13/00 - Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can be useful for separating solids from liquids of saccharified biomass material slurries. Many potential lignocelluloslc feedstocks are available today, including agricultural residues, woody biomass, municipal waste, oilseeds/cakes and seaweed, to name a few.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in two or more vaults that can share a common wall.
Materials (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems equipment, and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, using an array of vaults.
D06M 10/00 - Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents or magnetic fieldsPhysical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
Materials, such as biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. Conveying systems, such as flowing gas conveying systems and such as closed-loop flowing gas conveying systems are described. Many potential lignocellulosic feedstocks are available today, including agricultural residues, woody biomass, municipal waste, oilseeds/cakes and seaweed, to name a few.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. Two or more sugars can be produced and these can be further processed and purified. For example, a mixture of the two or more sugars can be selectively fermented to leave one or more sugars in the mixture along with a product. The unfermented sugar may be fermented with a different fermenting system and produce a second product.
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, novel systems, methods and equipment for conveying and/or cooling treated biomass are described. Many potential lignocellulosic feedstocks are available today, including agricultural residues, woody biomass, municipal waste, oilseeds/cakes and seaweed, to name a few. At present, these materials are often under-utilized, being used, for example, as animal feed, biocompost materials, burned in a co-generation facility or even landfilled.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which hazardous gases are removed, destroyed and/or converted. The treatments are efficient and can reduce the recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic material so that it is easier to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., sugars, alcohols, sugar alcohols and energy, from the lignocellulosic material.
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, heat and energy.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials. Process streams can be upgraded, e.g., by removing undesired components utilizing simulated moving bed systems such as simulated moving bed chromatography, improved simulated moving bed chromatography, sequential simulated moving bed chromatography and/or related systems.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. The saccharified biomass is fermented in two steps to form two separate products. The second product can be a carboxylic acid which is reacted with an alcohol to form an ester. The alcohol used for the esterification may be obtained from the biomass. The ester is hydrogenated to alcohols with catalysts.
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials.. Systems, methods and equipment are described for upgrading process streams using electrodialysis or electrodialysis reversal. ] Many potential lignocellulosic feedstocks are available today, including agricultural residues, woody biomass, municipal waste, oilseeds/cakes and seaweed, to name a few.
Methods and systems are described for processing cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials into useful intermediates and products, such as energy and fuels. For example, conveying systems and methods, such as highly efficient vibratory conveyors, are described for the processing of the cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials.
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is saccharified in a vessel by operation of a jet mixer, the vessel also containing a liquid medium and a saccharifying agent.
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is dispersed in a liquid medium and then saccharified.
