A PET recycling (the reprocessing of polyethylene terephthalate wastes) has already been practised for many decades in a variety of different ways, since PET is available in large quantities. Environmental protection and sustainability in resource utilization, however, call for ever higher recycling rates in the decades to come. If the concept of a circular economy is to be achieved, this rate must ultimately amount, sooner or later, to 100%.
C08J 11/24 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing hydroxyl groups
C08J 11/14 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with steam or water
C08J 11/26 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing carboxylic acid groups, their anhydrides or esters
The invention relates to a trickling device (10) for a particulate material, the trickling device (10) having a feed region (20), a middle region (30), and a dispensing region (40), the feed region (20) being arranged above and directly adjacent to the middle region (30), the middle region (30) being arranged above and directly adjacent to the dispensing region (40), the trickling device (10) having an outer wall (50), the middle region (30) having a first axis of symmetry (60), a first body (70) being arranged at least in the middle region (30), the first body (70) extending over the entire length of the middle region (30), the first body (70) having a second axis of symmetry (60), the first axis of symmetry (60) and the second axis of symmetry (60) being coaxial, the distance between the outer wall (50) and the first body (70) in the middle region being constant, at least one first fluid feed (80) and an optional second fluid feed (90) being arranged in the middle region (30), the first fluid feed (80) and the optional second fluid feed (90) being designed to provide a uniform feed of fluid over the cross-section of the trickling device (10).
F26B 9/06 - Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitationDomestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
3.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A POLYESTER DEPOLYMERIZATE, AND DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A POLYESTER
PET recycling (the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate waste) has been practiced in a wide variety of ways for many decades, because PET is available in large quantities. Environmental protection and sustainability in the use of resources, however, will require ever increasing recycling rates in the next decades. If the concept of a recycling economy is to be achieved, this quota has to be finally 100% earlier or later.
B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
C08J 11/14 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with steam or water
C08J 11/18 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
C08J 11/24 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing hydroxyl groups
4.
PREDICTION MODEL FOR PREDICTING PRODUCT QUALITY PARAMETER VALUES
The invention relates to a method for training a machine-learning module (216) of a computer-implemented prediction model (210) for predicting product quality parameter values for one or more quality parameters of a chemical product (920) manufactured by a chemical production installation (900). The production installation comprises a plurality of sensors (946) that are each configured to capture process parameter values for one or more process parameters of a chemical process performed by the production installation in order to manufacture the chemical product during operation of the production installation. Information about the production installation and the process performed by the production installation is used a priori and comprises time cycle information about a time cycle of the process performed within the production installation, sensor-specific time shifts for the sensors between a capture time of training process parameter values (210) and a manufacturing time of a product unit during the manufacture of which the applicable training process parameter value was captured.
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
5.
Apparatus and method for mixing recycling material into a polyester melt
Apparatuses and processes may be utilized for mixing used polyester into a polyester melt. In some processes an intermediate product stream is branched off from an intermediate stage in a virgin polyester production process. The intermediate product stream is then mixed with recycled polyester flakes in a dynamic mixer, where not more than 60% of a melting energy required to melt all the recycled polyester flakes is generated and/or supplied in the dynamic mixer. The mixture produced in this way is fed into a subsequent stage downstream of the intermediate stage and converted up to the desired degree of polycondensation. In this way, it is possible to physically reutilize used polyester or polyester waste.
The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyamide 6 by hydrolytic polymerization of caprolactam. The polyamide 6 prepared by said method has an inherent stabilization against heat and light and is suitable for the production of fibers and films. The present invention further relates to fibers and films which were spun and/or extruded by the polyamide 6 prepared by the method according to the invention and to the use of said polyamide for producing fibers and films.
The invention relates to a reactor for the degassing of a polymer melt and for polycondensation, comprising a horizontally oriented reactor housing. The reactor housing has two end walls, at least one outlet for the degassed polymer melt, and at least one exhaust vapor port. The reactor of the invention is characterized in that, in the interior of the reactor housing, there is a horizontally arranged compartmenting element, which contains a rotor. The rotor has at least one opening toward an end wall of the reactor housing, which opening is delimited by a dam arrangement. Furthermore, the rotor has a rotor wall, which is impermeable to the polymer melt, and divides the interior of the reactor housing into an inner reactor compartment and an outer reactor compartment. In addition, the reactor according to the invention has a tube for supplying the polymer melt, which tube runs through the inlet-side end wall. Said tube ends in the interior of the rotor such that the polymer melt is introduced into the inner reactor compartment.
The present invention relates to a method for recycling extract water accruing in the production of polyamide 6 or copolymers thereof, the method comprising the following steps: a) filtering the extract water using at least one filtration unit; b) purifying the filtered extract water in an ion exchange module, comprising at least the following ion exchange units: i) at least one cation exchange unit, ii) at least one anion exchange unit, the extract water flowing through the ion exchange units in the order i-ii; c) deodorising the extract water from step b) by iii) at least one cation exchange unit or a mixed ion exchange unit which comprises at least one anion exchanger and at least one cation exchanger, the extract water having a temperature in the range of 80 to 100°C throughout the method.The invention further relates to a device for performing the method according to the invention and to the uses of said device.
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
B01J 47/028 - Column or bed processes using columns or beds of different ion exchange materials in series with alternately arranged cationic and anionic exchangers
C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
A method for removing compounds in the gaseous aggregate state from PLA-containing products in the viscous aggregate state by means of a thin-film evaporator. The compounds may be present in the liquid or solid aggregate state in the products under standard conditions. The invention further relates to a polylactide resin prepared in accordance with the method of the invention.
The invention relates both to a device and to a method for mixing old polyester into a polyester melt. The method is characterized by the fact that an intermediate product stream is branched off from an intermediate stage of a fresh polyester production process, is mixed with polyester recyclate flakes in a dynamic mixer, wherein at most 60% of the melt energy which is required to melt all the polyester recyclate flakes is produced and/or supplied in the dynamic mixer. The mixture produced in this way is fed into a following stage, which is arranged downstream of the intermediate stage, and converted to the desired level of polycondensation in the further method. In this way, old polyester or polyester waste can be materially reused.
C08J 11/24 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing hydroxyl groups
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical plant; construction of
polymerization plants. Engineering services, in particular planning of
polymerization plants; industrial research services in the
field of process engineering, in particular polymerization
processes.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerization plants. Maintenance of chemical plants; construction of
polymerization plants. Engineering services, in particular planning of
polymerization plants and installations; industrial research
services in the field of process engineering, in particular
polymerization processes.
13.
METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM VISCOUS PRODUCTS BY MEANS OF A THIN-FILM EVAPORATOR, AND POLYLACTIDE RESIN
The present invention relates to a method for separating compounds in the gaseous aggregate state from PLA-containing products in a viscous aggregate state by means of a thin-film evaporator. Under normal conditions, the compounds can be contained in the products in a liquid or solid aggregate state. The invention also relates to a polylactide resin produced by the method according to the invention.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerization plants, namely, industrial heated polymerization units for separating monomer from polymer for use in the automated manufacturing processes of plastics, bioplastics, polyesters, polyamides and biopolymers Maintenance of chemical plant; construction of polymerization plants Engineering services, in particular technical project planning and design engineering of polymerization plants and installations; industrial research services in the field of process engineering, in particular polymerization processes
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerization plants, namely, industrial heated polymerization units for separating monomer from polymer for use in the automated manufacturing processes of plastics, bioplastics, polyesters, polyamides and biopolymers Maintenance of chemical plants; construction of polymerization plants Engineering services, in particular technical project planning and design engineering of polymerization plants and installations; industrial research services in the field of process engineering, in particular polymerization processes
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation installations. Maintenance of chemical installations; construction of
polymerisation installations. Engineering, in particular planning of polymerisation
installations in the field of process technology, in
particular polymerisation processes.
17.
REACTOR AND METHOD FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF LACTIDE
The invention relates to a reactor comprising: a reactor wall that encloses an axially extending cylindrical or substantially cylindrical reactor interior having an axial dimension (h) and a diameter (d) measured perpendicular to the axial dimension, the reactor interior having at least one inlet for reactants and an outlet in a reactor floor; and an axially extending agitator shaft that has at least one axially conveying stirrer element and that extends through the reactor wall into the reactor interior at an upper end of the reactor, characterized in that in the reactor interior an axially extending cylindrical or substantially cylindrical guide tube is arranged that has an axial dimension (h') and an outside diameter (d') measured perpendicular to the axial dimension that defines a guide tube interior so that a space is defined between the reactor wall and the guide tube, the guide tube being spaced from the reactor floor and from the upper end of the reactor interior. The following applies for the ratio of the axial dimension (h') of the guide tube to the axial dimension (h) of the reactor interior: (h'/ h) ≤ 0.9, and the following applies for the ratio of the outer diameter (d') of the guide tube to the diameter (h) of the reactor interior: (d'/d) ≤ 0.9, at least one stirring element of the agitator shaft extending into the guide tube interior, and a heat exchanger through which a reaction mixture can flow being arranged within the space.
The present invention relates to a method which allows the crystallization of a granulate of a crystallizable thermoplastic material and at the same time the separation of low molecular components which are contained in the thermoplastic material. The method is characterized in that the crystallization step and the separation step are carried out at different temperatures of the granulate. The present invention further relates to a device for carrying out the aforementioned method.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation installations. Maintenance of chemical installations; Construction of polymerisation installations. Engineering, In particular planning of polymerisation installations in the field of process technology, in particular polymerisation processes.
20.
Process and apparatus for preparation of a crystallizable polylactic acid mixture, and polylactic acid mixture
In a practicable continuous or batchwise process for the preparation of a crystallizable polylactic acid mixture, lactic acid may be polycondensed to yield an oligomer, which may then be depolymerized to yield a crude lactide. The crude lactide may be purified to yield a pure lactide, wherein fractionation may be carried out in the purification into an L- or D-lactide-rich fraction and also a meso-lactide-rich fraction. Subsequently a separate ring-opening polymerization of the resulting lactide fractions can be carried out. The individual polylactic acid batches or streams generated by the ring-opening polymerization may then be mixed. The present disclosure further relates to apparatuses for carrying out such processes and polylactic acid mixtures.
The invention relates to a method for producing polyamides, the flow management of the process being rendered more efficient. The method is based on the polymerization of lactam to a polyamide-containing polymer melt, the subsequent granulation of the polymer melt to polyamide granules using a granulation liquid, and the subsequent extraction of monomer and oligomer components from the PA granules in an extraction column. The invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method.
x, wherein x is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 2, wherein the sum of all of the above titanium oxide species relative to the sum of all titanium alpha-hydroxy carboxylate species in the titanium containing catalyst is greater than 0 but less than 1.00 mol.-%. The method of production involves, for example, reacting tetraisopropyl orthotitanate with an aqueous solution of citric acid, and removing the byproduct of 2-propanol by distillation. Also disclosed is a method for the production of polyesters by the use of the catalyst.
The invention relates to a method and device for the direct production of polyester granulate from a highly viscous polyester melt with a polymerization degree of 132 to 165, as well as the granulates formed thereform. In the method, the highly viscous polyester melt is subjected to a pre-drying and drying/degassing after a hot cutting method. Hot cutting is implemented at water temperatures of 70° C. to 95° C. and with a liquid to solid ratio of 8 to 12:1.
B29B 9/12 - Making granules characterised by structure or composition
B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/20 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors
B29B 9/06 - Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
The present invention relates to a polymerization device for the production of melts of thermoplastic polymers in which the heat of the discharged product can be recovered and used for preheating of the usable raw materials. In addition, the present invention relates to a corresponding method for the production of thermoplastic polymers.
The present invention relates to a device and also to a method for separating and recovering a cyclic diester, in particular dilactide or glycolide from polymer melts which include the cyclic diester as impurity. The device and also the method according to the invention allow recovery of the cyclic diester with a high yield and at the same time high purity.
The invention relates to a conveying device for conveying granular material that is stored in a source (10), for example polyamide 6 (PA6) granules, to multiple receiving points (11, 12, 13, . . . ), the conveying device having a number of injectors (11, 12, 13, . . . ) corresponding to the number of receiving points. Also disclosed is a method for conveying granular material, for example PA6 granules, from a source (10) to multiple receiving points.
B65G 53/00 - Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
B65G 53/16 - Gas pressure systems operating with fluidisation of the materials
B65G 53/30 - Conveying materials in bulk through pipes or tubes by liquid pressure
B65G 53/22 - Gas pressure systems operating with fluidisation of the materials through a porous wall the systems comprising a reservoir, e.g. a bunker
27.
APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR POLYCONDENSATION OF PREPOLYMERS WITH REMOVAL OF GASEOUS CLEAVAGE PRODUCTS AND USE FOR CONTINUOUS PREPARATION OF POLYAMIDES AND/OR COPOLYMERS THEREOF
The invention relates to an apparatus for polycondensation of prepolymers with removal of gaseous cleavage products, comprising a vertical cylindrical or conical reactor (1) having a double reactor wall (2), at least one inlet (3) for the prepolymer, at least one outlet (4) for the gaseous cleavage products and at least one polymer outlet (5), and also a distribution apparatus (6) for distribution of the prepolymer over the full inner surface of the reactor wall (2), characterized in that at least one fabric structure (7) has been secured in a force-fitting or form-fitting manner to the inner surface of the reactor wall (2) and/or a fabric structure has been integrated into the reactor wall (2) on the inner surface.
The present invention relates to a method for the production of cyclic carboxylic acid esters, in particular intramolecular lactones, such as e.g. dilactide, the production of these cyclic esters from oligomeric carboxylic acids being effected by cyclizing depolymerization. During this reaction, a condensation product of these oligomeric carboxylic acids is produced as by-product, i.e. a mixture of higher-molecular oligomeric carboxylic acids which are hydrolyzed in a further step and hence recovered. This hydrolysate can be added again to the cyclizing depolymerization which is implemented in the first step.
The present invention relates to a process which is performable continuously or batchwise for preparation of a crystallizable polylactic acid mixture which proceeds from lactic acid. This involves polycondensing lactic acid to give an oligomer, depolymerizing the oligomer to give a crude lactide, purifying the crude lactide to give a pure lactide, wherein the purification involves fractionation into an L- and D-lactide-rich fraction and a meso-lactide-rich fraction, and then conducting a separate ring-opening polymerization of the lactide fractions obtained. This is followed by mixing of the individual polylactic acid batches or streams produced by the ring-opening polymerization. The process according to the invention achieves excellent yields based on the lactic acid used. The present invention likewise relates to an apparatus for performance of the above-outlined process, and to a polylactic acid mixture.
The present invention relates to a method for the production of aliphatic polyesters in a two-step method. There are thereby added, in a first step, to a precondensate of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or to a mixture of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and an aliphatic dialcohol or to a mixture of aliphatic dialcohols, further monomeric components, i.e. further aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and also a further aliphatic dialcohol, a polyester prepolymer being obtained. In a further step, polycondensation of the prepolymer obtained in the first step is effected.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation installations. Maintenance of chemical installations; construction of
polymerisation installations. Engineering, in particular planning of polymerisation
installations in the field of process technology, in
particular polymerisation processes.
32.
Drying-/degassing device and also device and method for the direct production of moulded articles from polyester melts
The present invention relates to a drying-/degassing device (7) for drying or degassing a polyester granulate, which has a temperature-control zone, a cooling zone, an inlet (6) and an outlet (6) for polyester granulate and also in addition a separate removal possibility (14) for removing hot polyester granulate. In addition, the present invention relates to a device for the direct production of molded articles from polyester melts which comprises the drying-/degassing device according to the invention. In addition, the present invention describes a method for the production of molded articles from polyesters.
B29K 67/00 - Use of polyesters as moulding material
F26B 17/14 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
B29B 9/06 - Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
33.
Process for preparing a high molecular weight heteroaromatic polyester or copolyester
A process for preparing a high molecular weight heteraromatic polyester or copolyester is disclosed. A process for preparing a high molecular weight heteroaromatic polyester or copolyester includes the steps of: (a) processing comonomers by mixing together to form a homogeneous solution (1) at least one heteroaromatic dicarboxylic acid having 2-12 carbon atoms or a diester or an acid anhydride derived therefrom, or a mixture thereof; (2) at least one alcohol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl functionalities; and (3) optionally aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or diesters or acid anhydrides derived therefrom; (b) converting the paste/solution obtained in step a) into an esterification product containing at least one diester or at least one oligoester formed from the at least one heteroaromatic dicarboxylic acid and the at least one alcohol; and (c) polycondensing/copolycondensing the reaction product obtained from step b) under reduced pressure.
C08G 63/12 - Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
Disclosed is a test and test apparatus used to determine whether lactic acid is suitable for polymerization. The test apparatus comprises a) means for the polycondensation of the lactic acid to form a pre-polymer, b) means for depolymerization of the prepolymer to form dilactide, and c) means for carrying out analytical methods to determine at least one of the dilactide yield and/or the racemization, wherein lactic acid which is suitable for polymerization exhibits a dilactide yield of >90% and a racemization of <5%.
The invention relates to a method for the continuous recycling of extraction waters in the polyamide production processes, which comprises the steps of polymerization, granulation and subsequent extraction of the granules by means of water. The invention further relates to an apparatus by means of which the recycling of the extraction waters is made possible, which permits economical performance of the method.
The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of a solution of salts, in particular for the production of hexamethylenediamine adipate and a device for implementing such a method. According to the invention, it is proposed to convert, in a first step, a substoichiometric quantity of alkane diamine in a ratio to the alkane dicarboxylic acid in water and, in a subsequent second step, to implement making-up with alkane diamine, adjustment of the stoichiometric ratios being effected via a pH value measurement at a constant temperature.
C07C 51/14 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in organic compounds
B01J 8/20 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
C07C 209/68 - Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton
C07C 51/41 - Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids or their salts into salts with the same carboxylic acid part
37.
POLYMERIZATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS
The present invention relates to a polymerization device for producing melts of thermoplastic polymers, in which the heat of the discharged product can be recovered and used for preheating the usable raw materials. In addition, the present invention relates to a corresponding method for producing thermoplastic polymers.
The invention relates to a reactor in the form of a VK tube (VK: for the German "vereinfacht kontinuierlich", i.e. "simplified continuous") for the polymerization of polyamides, said reactor being divided into an upper reactor region and a lower reactor region which can be controlled independently from each other. The invention also relates to a method for producing polyamides in which such a reactor is used.
The invention relates to a reactor for the prepolymerization of polyamides, in particular PA 6, and a method for the prepolymerization of polyamides. Owing to the reactor according to the invention and the method according to the invention, highly viscous polyamides can be produced which are suitable for various fields of application, even when there is intensive stabilization of the polymer, and at the same time lend high product quality.
The present invention is directed to a method for the production of a titanium containing catalyst, wherein a titanium‐(IV)‐alkoxide of high purity is reacted with an alpha‐hydroxy carboxylic acid. Furthermore the invention concerns a titanium containing catalyst allowing for the production of high viscosity polyesters with high thermal stability. In addition, the invention is directed to a method for the production of polyesters and polyesters themselves.
The invention relates to a conveying device for conveying granular material that is stored in a source (10), for example polyamide 6 (PA6) granules, to multiple receiving points (11,12,13,..), the conveying device having a number of injectors (11,12,13,....) corresponding to the number of receiving points. Also disclosed is a method for conveying granular material, for example PA6 granules, from a source (10) to multiple receiving points.
The invention relates to an additive having at least two condensable functionalities in combination with a tetraalkyl piperidinyl group and a tertiary amine functionality. Because of the combination of said functionalities, a universal additive that enables a narrower molar mass distribution and at the same time improves the performance for spun polymers can be provided. The invention further relates to corresponding polyamide moulding materials to which additives have been added, and an additive solution. The additives according to the invention are used particularly in the production of polyamide for textile applications.
The invention relates to a device and a method for removing and recovering a cyclic diester, in particular dilactide or glycolide, from polymer melts that contain the cyclic diester as a contaminant. The device and the method according to the invention allow the cyclic diester to be recovered with high yield and simultaneously high purity.
The invention relates to the chemical extraction of lactic acid from polymer blends comprising polylactic acid and one or more further polyesters, and from mixtures comprising polylactic acid and one or more further polymers, by an alcoholysis of the polymer blends in the presence of alcohol for 6 to 30 h, at 80 to 160°C and a pressure of 0.05 to 10 bar.
C08J 11/24 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing hydroxyl groups
45.
Extraction reactor and also method for extraction from granular material
The present application relates to an extraction reactor with which granular material, in particular granular polyamide, can undergo extraction, soluble components being dissolved out of the granular material with an extraction liquid during the extraction. In the case of polyamide materials, these are for example oligomeric or monomeric components which have remained in the granular material during the polycondensation reaction for the production of the polyamide materials.
The present invention relates to an extraction reactor, with which granular material, in particular granular polyamide, can be extracted, wherein, in the extraction, components that are soluble using an extraction liquid are dissolved out of the granular material. In the case of polyamide materials, these are, for example, oligomeric or monomeric components which have remained in the granular material during the polycondensation reaction for producing the polyamide materials.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation installations. Maintenance of chemical installations; Construction of polymerisation installations. Engineering, In particular planning of polymerisation installations in the field of process technology, in particular polymerisation processes.
48.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYESTER OR COPOLYESTER, AND ALSO POLYMER BLENDS CONTAINING SUCH
The invention relates to a process for producing a high-molecular-weight polyester or copolyester, which comprises at least three process steps. In a first process step, from at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid or diester thereof or acid anhydride thereof, and also at least one aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or diester thereof or acid anhydride thereof, and also at least one dihydric alcohol and also the required amount of transesterification or polycondensation catalyst, a paste is produced. This paste, in a second step, is reacted at elevated temperature to form a prepolymer, and in the third process step this resultant prepolymer is polycondensed or copolycondensed at a pressure reduced compared with standard conditions. The process can be carried out continuously or else discontinuously. In addition, the invention relates to polyesters and copolyesters produced in such a manner and also biodegradable polymer blends containing such. The polyesters and copolyesters according to the invention are used for producing compostable mouldings, biodegradable foams and paper coating agents.
The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclic carboxylic esters, especially intramolecular lactones, for example dilactide, wherein these cyclic esters are prepared from oligomeric carboxylic acids by cyclizing depolymerization. The reaction gives, as a by-product, a condensation product of these oligomeric carboxylic acids, i.e. a mixture of high molecular weight oligomeric carboxylic acids, which are hydrolysed in a further step and thus recovered. This hydrolysate can be added again to the cyclizing depolymerization conducted in the first stage.
The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of textile polyamide 6 from ε-caprolactam using oligomer-containing lactam fed back from the extraction stages. In the method according to the invention, the extract water from a continuous evaporation stage is treated in a targeted manner over several stages. The extract water is concentrated by evaporation of excess water, the ring-opening and polyaddition reactions are started and the oligomers are decomposed, such that an oligomer fraction of no more than 0.7 % by weight is achieved after the addition of fresh lactam and additives at the end of the third stage. Then the polymer/caprolactam and additive mixture is fed to the final polymerisation reactor (VC tube). It is important here that the starting oligomer content at the inlet of the VC tube is well below the equilibrium value of approx. 0.85 % by weight. The oligomer content in the VC tube thus builds up during the main polycondensation reaction to a value of 0.65 % by weight in the final polymer. The invention further relates to a device for carrying out a method of this type and to the use of polyamide 6 produced in this manner for POY filaments.
The invention relates to a repolymerization device for reprocessing oligomer-containing extraction waters that originate from the extraction stages in processes for continuously producing textile polyamide 6 from ε-caprolactam. By means of the repolymerization device according to the invention, the extraction water from a continuous evaporation stage is treated in specific manner over several stages. The extraction water is concentrated by evaporating surplus water, the ring-opening and polyaddition reactions are started, and the oligomers are broken down.
The present invention relates to a device for separating a biodegradable, intermolecular cyclic diester of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid from material mixtures which contain in addition the alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid of the diester corresponding thereto. In particular, the diester is thereby dilactide and the acid lactic acid. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for separating dilactide from material mixtures, which is based on a modified, distillative method. In addition, the present invention describes a polymerization device, in particular for preparing polylactide. Likewise, purposes of use of both the devices and of the method are indicated.
The present invention relates to a method for separating volatile substances, particularly iodine, diiodised aromatic compounds and/or mixtures thereof, from material mixtures containing said compounds. The invention further relates to a device for producing polyarylene sulphides, by means of which volatile substances, particularly iodine and diiodised aromatic compounds, can be separated from the polymers.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation installations. Maintenance of chemical installations; construction of
polymerisation installations. Services of engineers, in particular planning of
polymerisation installations; industrial research services
in the field of process engineering, in particular
polymerisation processes.
55.
PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS PREPARATION OF LACTIDE DIRECTLY FROM CONCENTRATED LACTIC ACID
The subject-matter of the present invention relates to a process for the continuous, heterogeneously catalysed, direct preparation of L-lactide from concentrated lactic acid. The aim is to circumvent the process steps of the known prepolymerization and subsequent depolymerization, and to reduce them to one synthesis step. Furthermore, the by-products and the racemization are minimized, and so high-purity L-lactide is prepared.
The present invention relates to a condensation and washing device with which in particular the process vapors which occur during the production of polylactide can be processed and cleaned. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a polymerization device for the production of polylactide and also to a method for processing process vapors which occur during the production of polylactide; possibilities for use of both the condensation and washing devices and of the method are likewise mentioned.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
57.
PROCESS FOR PREPARING A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT HETEROAROMATIC POLYESTER OR COPOLYESTER
The invention relates to a continuous process for preparing a high molecular weight heteroaromatic polyester or copolyester, in which a) at least one heteroaromatic dicarboxylic acid or the diester or an acid anhydride thereof, a heteroaromatic dicarboxylic acid having 2-12 carbon atoms and at least one alcohol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl functionalities are processed by mixing to give a paste or by mixing at elevated temperature to give a homogeneous solution, b) the paste or solution obtained in step a) is converted to an esterification product comprising at least one diester and/or at least one oligoester, and c) the reaction product obtained from stage b) is polycondensed or copolycondensed under reduced pressure compared to standard conditions, the poly- or copolycondensation stage c) being performed in two stages.
The invention relates to a method for producing aliphatic polyesters in a two-stage method. In a first stage, additional monomer constituents, i.e. additional aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and additional aliphatic di-alcohol, are added to a pre-condensate of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or mixture of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and an aliphatic di-alcohol or mixture of aliphatic di-alcohols, with a polyester pre-polymer being obtained. In a further step, the pre-polymer that was obtained in said first stage is poly-condensed.
The invention relates to a test for determining the quality of lactic acid, comprising a) means for the polycondensation of the lactic acid to form a pre-polymer b) means for depolymerization to form dilactide, and c) means for carrying out analytical methods for determining the dilactide yield and/or the racemization, wherein lactic acid which fulfills the test and is suitable for polymerization exhibits a dilactide yield of > 90 % and a racemization of < 5 %.
The invention relates to a drying/degassing device (7) for drying or degassing a polyester granulate, comprising a temperature-control zone, a cooling zone, an inlet (6) and an outlet (6) for polyester granulate, and additionally a separate removal possibility (14) for removing hot polyester granulate. The invention also relates to a device for directly producing molded articles from polyester melts that comprises the drying/degassing device according to the invention. The invention further relates to a method for producing molded articles made of polyesters.
B29B 13/06 - Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by drying
B29K 67/00 - Use of polyesters as moulding material
F26B 17/14 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation installations. Maintenance of chemical installations; Construction of polymerisation installations. Services of engineers, In particular planning of polymerisation installations; Industrial research services in the field of process engineering, in particular polymerisation processes.
62.
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING LACTIDE FROM POLYLACTIDE OR GLYCOLIDE FROM POLYGLYCOLIDE
The present invention relates to a process for recovering lactide from polylactide (PLA) or glycolide from polyglycolide (PGA), in which, in a first step, PLA or PGA is contacted with a hydrolysing medium and hydrolytically degraded to oligomers. In a further step, a cyclising depolymerisation of the oligomers obtained in the first step is effected to give lactide or glycolide. In addition, the present invention relates to an apparatus based on the combination of a hydrolysis apparatus with a depolymerisation reactor, with which the above-described process can be performed. The core of the process according to the invention is a partial hydrolysis of the polymeric materials originally used in combination with a cyclising depolymerisation.
C08J 11/10 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
C08J 11/24 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing hydroxyl groups
C08J 11/26 - Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing carboxylic acid groups, their anhydrides or esters
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/20 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors
C07C 51/09 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones
The invention relates to a method for continuously producing a solution of salts, in particular for producing hexamethylenediamine adipate, and to a device for carrying out such a method. According to the invention, in a first step a substoichiometric quantity of alkane diamine in relation to the alkane dicarboxylic acid is reacted in water, and in a subsequent second step an additional metered amount of alkane diamine is added, wherein the stoichiometric relationships are adjusted by means of a pH value measurement at a constant temperature.
The invention relates to a process for the direct, continuous modification of polymer melts with additives in the ancillary stream and features a very high degree of flexibility for product changeovers.
Process for continuous preparation of high molecular weight polyesters by esterification of dicarboxylic acids and/or transesterification of dicarboxylic acids with diols and/or mixtures thereof and an apparatus therefor
The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of high-molecular polyesters by esterification of dicarboxylic acids and/or transesterification of dicarboxylic acid esters with diols and/or mixtures thereof in the presence of catalysts with formation of a prepolymer in a tower reactor and polycondensation thereof to form a high-molecular polyester in a polycondensation reactor, a prepolymer with >40 to 70 repeat units (DP) being produced in the tower reactor and this prepolymer being polycondensed in only one further reactor to form a polyester with >150 to 205 DP.
PROBLEM
There is provided a method for producing polylactic acid, which is capable of obtaining polylactic acid at low cost, and having high molecular weight.
SOLUTION
0.
Provided are a catalyst mixture and also a method for the production of a polyester melt with high viscosity, the granulate obtained therefrom having an intrinsic viscosity of >0.70 dl/g and an L* color >70 and the b* color being between −5 and +5. The catalysts being used during the production are not based on heavy metals but on titanium compounds. Also no components of catalysts based on heavy metal are added. The granulate can be processed further in any way, e.g. to form bottles, containers, films, foils or fibers.
The present invention relates to the increase of molecular weight during the thermal treatment of polyester in combination with a granulation of latent heat. The newly developed method allows combining a solid state postcondensation (SSP) directly with underwater granulation. The method differs from a conventional solid state postcondensation in that the increase of molecular weight can be achieved without additional input of heat and thus only by using the residual heat and the crystallization heat obtained in the process. The characterizing element is an improved water deposition and dehumidification during granulation. This is the only way to ensure that an increase in viscosity can be achieved in the presence of a small granulate having a mean grain weight of no more than 20 mg.
The present invention relates to increasing the molecular weight during a thermal treatment of polyester in combination with a latent heat granulation. With the newly-developed method, an SSP (Solid State Postcondensation) can be directly combined with an underwater granulation. The method differs from a conventional solid state postcondensation by an increase in the molecular weight being possible without additional heat input and hence only by using the residual heat and the crystallization heat present. A characterizing element is improved water separation and dehumidification during the granulation. Only in this way is an increase in viscosity possible even with a small granulate of an average particle weight less than 20 mg.
The invention relates to a method and device for the direct production of polyester granulate from a highly viscous polyester melt with a polymerization degree of 132 to 165, as well as the granulates formed thereform. In the method, the highly viscous polyester melt is subjected to a pre-drying and drying/degassing after a hot cutting method. Hot cutting is implemented at water temperatures of 70° C. to 95° C. and with a liquid to solid ratio of 8 to 12:1.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical installations. Engineering, in particular planning and construction of polymerisation installations; Industrial research in the field of process engineering, in particular polymerisation installations.
73.
Polymerisation reactor, polymerisation device, method for producing bio-degradeable polyester and uses
The present invention relates to a polymerization reactor for continuous polymerization, the reactor being constructed in two stages and comprising a prepolymerization stage which is configured as a stirred vessel or as a loop-type bubble column and also a main polymerization stage which is configured as a tubular reactor. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for the production of biodegradable polyester, in particular polylactide, the reactor according to the invention being used. Likewise, the invention relates to a polymerization device which comprises further components in addition to the polymerization reactor.
The present invention relates to a condensation and washing device with which in particular the process vapors which occur during the production of polylactide can be processed and cleaned. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a polymerization device for the production of polylactide and also to a method for processing process vapors which occur during the production of polylactide; possibilities for use of both the condensation and washing devices and of the method are likewise mentioned.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
75.
Cleaning device for separating dilactide from mixtures, polymerisation device, method for separating dilactide from mixtures and use thereof
The present invention relates to a device for separating a biodegradable, intermolecular cyclic diester of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid from material mixtures which contain in addition the alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid of the diester corresponding thereto. In particular, the diester is thereby dilactide and the acid lactic acid. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for separating dilactide from material mixtures, which is based on a modified, distillative method. In addition, the present invention describes a polymerization device, in particular for preparing polylactide. Likewise, purposes of use of both the devices and of the method are indicated.
The present invention relates to three variants for preparing a mixture of cyclic diesters derived from lactic acid and especially a racemate of dilactide. This can proceed, as desired, from the corresponding a-hydroxycarboxylic acids, the corresponding cyclic diesters or oligomers of the corresponding a-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
DEUTSCHE INSTITUTE FÜR TEXTIL- UND FASERFORSCHUNG (Germany)
Inventor
Schweizer, Michael
Hess, Christopher
Biermann, Erich
Schaller, Rainer
Abstract
The invention relates to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and a method for producing the same. The organic light-emitting diodes according to the invention are characterized in that a substance is integrated in the layer stack, the electrical conductivity of said substance being reduced by introducing energy, whereby irreversible damage to organic light-emitting diodes, such as can occur by fault site formation or particles, can be prevented.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical installations. Engineering, in particular planning and construction of
polymerisation installations, industrial research in the
field of process engineering, in particular with regard to
polymerisation processes.
The present invention relates to a reactor apparatus for free-flowing media, especially for polymers, for polycondensation of polyesters, comprising a rotor which rotates in a reactor casing having an inlet and outlet, said rotor being supported horizontally via a support apparatus by means of stub shaft arrangements which reach beyond the end walls of the reactor casing, wherein annular film-forming elements and, between the annular film-forming elements, strippers are arranged on the inner surfaces of the reactor casing on the rotor, such that the cylindrical rotor has at least one partly heated section.
Present invention describes the direct catalytic liquid phase synthesis of caprolactam from cyclohexa- none, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. The invention can be carried out by using mesoporous materials amongst the MMS family (mesoporous molecular sieves) as catalysts, such as Ti-MCM-41, Al-MCM-41 and Ti- SBA-15 materials as well as in the presence of zeolitic catalysts at temperatures between 20 and 120 C.
C07D 201/06 - Preparation of lactams from or via oximes by Beckmann rearrangement from ketones by simultaneous oxime formation and rearrangement
82.
Process for continuous preparation of high molecular weight polyesters by esterification of dicarboxylic acids and/or transesterification of dicarboxylic acids with diols and/or mixtures thereof and an apparatus therefor
The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of high-molecular polyesters by esterification of dicarboxylic acids and/or transesterification of dicarboxylic acid esters with diols and/or mixtures thereof in the presence of catalysts with formation of a prepolymer in a tower reactor and polycondensation thereof to form a high-molecular polyester in a polycondensation reactor, a prepolymer with >40 to 70 repeat units (DP) being produced in the tower reactor and this prepolymer being polycondensed in only one further reactor to form a polyester with >150 to 205 DP.
B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
The invention relates to a method and device for the direct production of polyester granulate from a highly viscous polyester melt with a polymerization degree of 132 to 165, as well as the granulates formed thereform. In the method, the highly viscous polyester melt is subjected to a pre-drying and drying/degassing after a hot cutting method. Hot cutting is implemented at water temperatures of 70° C. to 95° C. and with a liquid to solid ratio of 8 to 12:1.
The invention relates to a condensation and washing device which can recycle and clean, in particular, process steam that is produced during the production of polylactide. The invention also relates to a polymerisation device for producing polylactide and to a method for recycling process steam produced during the production of polylactide. The invention further relates to possible uses thereof and to the condensation and washing device as well as to the above-mentioned method.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
C07D 319/12 - 1,4-DioxanesHydrogenated 1,4-dioxanes not condensed with other rings
The present invention relates to a method for the production or purification of biodegradable, intramolecular cyclic esters of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, biodegradable alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids or oligopolymers or polymers thereof, and to biodegradable polyesters that can be produced from said compounds.
The invention relates to a polymerisation-reactor for continuous polymerisation. Said reactor is constructed in two stages and comprises a pre-polymerisation step that is embodied as a stirring vessel or as a loop reactor, in addition to a main polymerisation step that is embodied as a tubular reactor. The invention also relates to a method for producing bio-degradable polyester, in particular polylactide, in which the inventive reactor is used. The invention also relates to a polymerisation device that comprises additional parts in addition to the polymerisation reactor.
CLEANING DEVICE FOR FOR SEPARATING DILACTIDE FROM SUBSTANCE MIXTURES, POLYMERISATION DEVICE, METHOD FOR SEPARATING DILACTIDE FROM SUBSTANCE MIXTURES AND USE THEREOF
The invention relates to a device for separating a bio-degradable, intermolecular cyclic diester of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid from substance mixtures that also contain the corresponding diester alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid. Said diester is, in particular, lactic acid with dilactide and acid. The invention also relates to a method for separating dilactide from substance mixtures that is based on a modified, distillation method. The invention further relates to a polymerisation device, in particular for producing polylactide, to intended uses and to the devices as well as to the method.
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
88.
METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYESTER GRANULES LOW IN HYDROLYSIS MADE OF HIGH-VISCOSITY POLYESTER MELTS, AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE POLYESTER GRANULES
The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of polyester granules low in hydrolysis made of high-viscosity polyester melts, characterized in that the decrease in the degree of polycondensation from the polyester melt to the polyester granule is less than 2%. The invention further relates to a polyester granule produced by said method, and to a device for the production of the granule.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
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Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical installations. Engineering, in particular planning and construction of polymerisation installations, industrial research in the field of process engineering, namely with regard to polymerisation processes.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical installations. Engineering, in particular planning and construction of
polymerisation installations, industrial research in the
field of process engineering, in particular with regard to
polymerisation processes.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical installations. Engineering, in particular planning and construction of
polymerisation installations, industrial research in the
field of process engineering, in particular with regard to
polymerisation processes.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical installations. Engineering, in particular planning and construction of
polymerisation installations, industrial research in the
field of process engineering, in particular with regard to
polymerisation processes.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical installations. Engineering, in particular planning and construction of
polymerisation installations, industrial research in the
field of process engineering, in particular with regard to
polymerisation processes.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical installations. Engineering, in particular planning and construction of
polymerisation installations, industrial research in the
field of process engineering, in particular with regard to
polymerisation processes.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
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Polymerisation plants Maintenance of chemical installations Engineering, in particular planning and construction of polymerisation installations, industrial research in the field of process engineering, in particular with regard to polymerisation processes
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Polymerisation plants Maintenance of chemical installations Engineering, in particular planning and construction of polymerisation installations, industrial research in the field of process engineering, in particular with regard to polymerisation processes
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
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Polymerisation plants Maintenance of chemical installations Engineering, in particular planning and construction of polymerisation installations [, industrial research in the field of process engineering, in particular with regard to polymerisation processes ]
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
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Polymerisation plants. Maintenance of chemical installations. Engineering, in particular planning and construction of polymerisation installations, industrial research in the field of process engineering, in particular with regard to polymerisation processes.
