Systems and methods for flow cytometry. The methods comprise: labeling cells of a sample with Raman tags; causing the sample to flow through a microfluidic channel of a flow cytometer through which a laser beam passes; detecting Raman signals emitted from the Raman tags while being illuminated by the laser beam; and determining characteristics of the cells based on the detected Raman signals.
Systems and methods for operating a dual-comb laser. The methods comprise: generating pulsed laser beams by first and second laser sources of the dual-comb laser, at least one of the first and second laser sources comprises a diode pumped solid state laser with an output intensity that is modifiable; and matching phase repetition rates of the pulsed laser beams by selectively modifying the output intensity of the diode pumped solid state laser.
H01S 3/139 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
Techniques and systems for multi-modal ionization for mass spectrometry are provided. In some embodiments, a method may comprise: receiving an analyte; ionizing some molecules of the analyte using a first ionization method to produce first ions; ionizing other molecules of the analyte using a second ionization method to produce second ions; and providing the first and second ions to a mass analyzer.
Techniques and systems for multi-modal ionization for mass spectrometry are provided. In some embodiments, a method may comprise: receiving an analyte; ionizing some molecules of the analyte using a first ionization method to produce first ions; ionizing other molecules of the analyte using a second ionization method to produce second ions; and providing the first and second ions to a mass analyzer.
Systems and methods for operating a dual-comb laser. The methods comprise: generating pulsed laser beams by first and second laser sources of the dual-comb laser, at least one of the first and second laser sources comprises a diode pumped solid state laser with an output intensity that is modifiable; and matching phase repetition rates of the pulsed laser beams by selectively modifying the output intensity of the diode pumped solid state laser.
Methods and media for compensating for irregular motion in three-dimensional spectroscopy are provided herein. Exemplary methods include: receiving a plurality of spectrographs for a series of respective locations and corresponding images of the respective locations, each spectrograph of the plurality of spectrographs being produced using a spectrographic data set of a plurality of spectrographic data sets, each of the plurality of spectrographic data sets being measured by a spectrometer and each of the corresponding images being captured by a camera at substantially the same time, the spectrometer being coupled to the camera such that the spectrometer and camera move in tandem and at least partially share the same point of view; generating a continuous image using the images; identifying a respective corresponding position in the continuous image for each spectrograph, such that each spectrograph is a measurement of the respective position; and associating each spectrograph with the respective position.
Systems for adjusting for irregular movement during spectral imaging are provided herein. Exemplary systems include: a spectrograph measuring a plurality of spectrographic data sets; a camera capturing images, a processor communicatively coupled to the spectrograph and the camera; and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing instructions executable by the processor to perform a method comprising: receiving a plurality of spectrographs for a series of respective locations and the images corresponding to the respective locations; generating a continuous image using the images; identifying a respective corresponding position in the continuous image for each spectrograph, such that each spectrograph is a measurement of the respective position; and associating each spectrograph with the respective position.
Raman spectrometers are provided that illuminate a sample with two or more different beams of light, each characterized by a different primary frequency. Scattered light from the sample is separated into multiple Raman spectra, one for each primary frequency. The multiple Raman spectra can be evaluated individually, or they can be added together to form a composite spectrum that is then evaluated.
A spectrograph having multiple excitation wavelength ranges is disclosed. The spectrograph can include a wavelength switching mechanism to switch between different wavelength ranges in accordance with the wavelength of an incoming light signal. The wavelength switching mechanism can include multiple optical assemblies (or elements) corresponding to the different wavelength ranges for processing the incoming light signal. The mechanism can also include a switching component for switching the optical assemblies to align the appropriate assembly with the incoming light signal. Each optical assembly can include one or more transmission gratings to disperse the incoming light signal into multiple wavelengths within a particular wavelength range and a reflecting mirror proximate to the grating(s) to reflect the wavelengths of light back through the grating(s) to photodetectors for measuring to wavelengths to generate a light spectrum. The spectrograph can be used in Raman spectroscopy.
