A composite membrane is disclosed that comprises a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or nitrocellulose membrane body. The membrane also comprises graphene oxide disposed on a surface of the membrane body. An array comprising two or more such composite membranes is also disclosed. A method of preparing the composite membrane is also disclosed. Further, a method of removing natural organic matter (NOM) from NOM-contaminated water, or water suspected of being contaminated with NOM, is disclosed.
A composite membrane is disclosed that comprises a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or nitrocellulose membrane body. The membrane also comprises graphene oxide disposed on a surface of the membrane body. An array comprising two or more such composite membranes is also disclosed. A method of preparing the composite membrane is also disclosed. Further, a method of removing natural organic matter (NOM) from NOM-contaminated water, or water suspected of being contaminated with NOM, is disclosed.
A composite membrane is disclosed that comprises a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or nitrocellulose membrane body. The membrane also comprises graphene oxide disposed on a surface of the membrane body. An array comprising two or more such composite membranes is also disclosed. A method of preparing the composite membrane is also disclosed. Further, a method of removing natural organic matter (NOM) from NOM-contaminated water, or water suspected of being contaminated with NOM, is disclosed.
A compact transportable water treatment system is described. The system comprises a batching unit, a recirculation pump and recirculation line, a level sensing system, a dosing unit, and a control unit. The batching unit comprises a chemical hopper, a lower portion of which comprises a porous grid, a spray system configured to spray fluid from a fluid ingress through the porous grid to dissolve chemicals in the chemical hopper, thereby creating a chemical solution that flows through the porous grid, and a batching tank that receives and holds the chemical solution. The recirculation pump and recirculation line are configured to recirculate the chemical solution in the batching tank. The level sensing system is configured to monitor a plurality of level parameters associated with at least one of the chemical hopper and the batching tank. The dosing unit comprises at least one dosing pump configured to pump the chemical solution from the batching tank to a dosing line. The control unit controls operation of the batching unit, the recirculation pump, and the dosing unit responsive to the level sensing system.
Disclosed herein is an apparatus (100) for field monitoring disinfection of a fluid system. The apparatus comprises an inlet (102) for connection to a fluid system undergoing disinfection, and instruments (108, 109) for detecting parameters indicative of turbidity T and disinfectant concentration D. A controller (112) is associated with the instruments (108, 109) and is configured to output a signal indicative of successful disinfection of the fluid system if detected values of disinfectant concentration D and turbidity T satisfy a predetermined criteria.
A method for culturing Cryptosporidium comprising the steps of: (i) introducing a stage in the life cycle of Cryptosporidium into a simple medium; and (ii) culturing the Cryptosporidium.
There is disclosed an attachment device for attaching a pipe cleaning tool to a rotary motion facilitation device. The pipe cleaning tool comprises an elongate member adapted to be received by the rotary motion facilitation device. The attachment device comprises a connecting element that is positionable to connect the elongate member to said rotary motion facilitation device such that rotary motion can be transferred from the rotary motion facilitation device to the pipe cleaning tool. A retainer element is mountable to the rotary motion facilitation device to enclose at least a portion of the connecting element to retain the connecting element in position.
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