This invention concerns a process for the manufacture of carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives and a process for the manufacture of agrochemically and pharmaceutically active compounds comprising the process for the manufacture of carboxylic acids or their derivatives. The process for the manufacture of carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid derivatives comprises a step of catalytic oxidation in the presence of at least one catalyst and at least one oxidant, of compound number (I) to obtain a compound of formula (II).
C07D 231/14 - Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
2.
PREPARATION METHOD FOR 3-FLUOROALKYL-1-METHYLPYRAZOLE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID
The present invention relates to a preparation method for 3-fluoroalkyl-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid, said method comprising the following steps: step 1, reacting a fluoroacetyl halide derivative as shown in formula I with dimethylamino vinyl methyl ketone in a condensation reaction, and producing a 3-dimethylaminomethylene-1,1-difluoro-2,4-pentanedione derivative as shown in formula II; step 2, reacting the 3-dimethylaminomethylene-1,1-difluoro-2,4-pentanedione derivative as shown in formula II with methyl hydrazine in a ring-closing reaction, and producing a 3-fluoroalkyl-1-methyl-4-acetylpyrazole derivative as shown in formula III; step 3, oxidizing the 3-fluoroalkyl-1-methyl-4-acetylpyrazole derivative as shown in formula III in alkaline conditions, performing acidification, and producing 3-fluoroalkyl-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid as shown in formula IV. The preparation method has a short reaction route, the raw material costs are low, each step has a high reaction yield, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production.
C07D 231/14 - Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
3.
METHOD OF PREPARING 3-FLUOROALKYL-1-METHYLPYRAZOLE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID
The present invention relates to a method of preparing a 3-fluoroalkyl-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid comprising the following steps: Step 1, performing a condensation reaction on the fluoroacetyl halide derivative shown in formula I and dimethylamino vinyl methyl ketone to produce a 3-dimethylaminomethylene-1,1-difluoro-2,4-pentanedione derivative as shown in formula II; Step 2, performing a ring-closing reaction on the 3-dimethylaminomethylene-1,1-difluoro-2,4-pentanedione derivative shown in formula II and methyl hydrazine to produce a 3-fluoroalkyl-1-methyl-4-acetylpyrazole derivative shown in formula III; Step 3, oxidizing in alkaline conditions the 3-fluoroalkyl-1-methyl-4-acetylpyrazole derivative shown in formula III, and performing reacidification to produce the 3-fluoroalkyl-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid shown in formula IV. The reaction path of the preparation method of the present invention is short, has low raw material costs, each step thereof has a high reaction rate, and the method is suitable for industrialized production.
C07D 231/14 - Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
C07D 231/12 - Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
C07C 251/30 - Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly- bound to a carbon skeleton containing imino groups having nitrogen atoms of imino groups quaternised
C07C 221/00 - Preparation of compounds containing amino groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
C07C 225/14 - Compounds containing amino groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly-bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated
4.
FLUORINATED CARBONATES AS SOLVENT FOR LITHIUM SULFONIMIDE-BASED ELECTROLYTES
CNRS - CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE (France)
Inventor
Kalhoff, Julian
Bresser, Dominic
Passerini, Stefano
Bolloli, Marco
Alloin, Fannie
Sanchez, Jean-Yves
Bomkamp, Martin
Abstract
The present invention relates to an electrolyte solution comprising an electrolyte salt and an electrolyte solvent, wherein the electrolyte solvent comprises a fluorinated acyclic dialkyl carbonate, preferably an n-fluoro diethyl carbonate according to formula (1) as follows : C2H5-xFxCO3C2H5-yFy (1) wherein 1 ≤ x ≤ 5 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 5; in an amount in the range of ≥ 10 wt % to ≤ 100 wt %, referring to a total amount of the electrolyte solvent of 100 wt %, and the use of such fluorinated acyclic dialkyl carbonates for the prevention or suppresion of aluminum current collector corrosion in an alkali or alkaline earth metal-based electrochemical energy storage device, particularly in a lithium-ion battery or lithium polymer battery containing an electrolyte solution comprising an alkali or alkaline earth metal sulfonimide or sulfonmethide salt.
Aluminum parts, e.g., heat exchangers, with improved resistance towards corrosion caused by contact with stationary water or aqueous compositions such as cooling water can be obtained by addition of Li compounds in specific amounts to the flux used for brazing the parts. LiF and especially Li fluoroaluminates are very suitable. The flux and the Li salt can be dispersed in water or an aqueous composition separately.
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxesSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
B23K 1/19 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
Aluminum parts, such as heat exchangers, with improved resistance towards corrosion caused by contact with stationary water or aqueous compositions can be obtained by addition of Li compounds to the flux used for brazing such parts. LiF and especially Li fluoroaluminates are very suitable. Another aspect of the invention concerns fluxes containing Li salts and their use for brazing of aluminum parts.
B23K 1/19 - Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
B23K 1/20 - Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxesSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
The invention provides a fine particulate flux. The flux can be obtained by sieving, or it can be obtained by removing solids, e.g. in a cyclone, from the drying gases obtained when wet fluxes are dried, especially after their manufacture. Fine particulate flux increases the viscosity of flux preparations comprising the flux dispersed in water or an aqueous or liquid organic carrier.
B23K 35/02 - Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
B23K 35/28 - Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950°C
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxesSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
Aluminium parts, e.g. heat exchangers, with improved resistance towards corrosion caused by contact with stationary water or aqueous compositions such as cooling water can be obtained by addition of Li compounds in specific amounts to the flux used for brazing the parts. LiF and especially Li fluoroaluminates are very suitable. The flux and the Li salt can be dispersed in water or an aqueous composition separately.
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxesSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
The invention provides aqueous flux preparations with increased dynamic viscosity. In the flux preparations, irreversibly dehydrated K2AlF5 (also denoted as orthorhombic K2AlF5 or phase II salt) provides for an increase of the dynamic viscosity if the aqueous flux preparations are aged, i.e. a contact between water comprised in the preparation and irreversibly dehydrated K2AlF5 is maintained for a certain time span, preferably for at least 12 minutes. The higher viscosity improves the brazing process, for example because less flux preparation drops off from the parts to be brazed.
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxesSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
B23K 35/365 - Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
A thin film transistor (TFT) matrix for a liquid crystal display (LCD) can be prepared by performing several steps of forming layers, and several steps of partially etching layers. Fluorine and preferably carbonyl fluoride, preferably together with oxygen, N2O and/or argon, are used as etching gases. The invention also concerns a gas mixture consisting of F2 or carbonyl fluoride, N2O and optionally argon.
H01L 21/77 - Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
A method for removing a silicon hydride from the surface of a solid body which comprises treating the silicon hydride with a gas comprising molecular fluorine or reactive species generated from molecular fluorine.
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
C23G 5/00 - Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methodsApparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
B08B 7/00 - Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
A lithium sulfur battery comprising at least one fluorosubstituted compound is described. Preferred fluorosubstituted compounds which are predominantly solvents are notably selected from the group consisting of fluorosubstituted carboxylic acid esters, fluorosubstituted carboxylic acid amides, fluorosubstituted fluorinated ethers, fluorosubstituted carbamates, fluorosubstituted cyclic carbonates, and fluorosubstituted acyclic carbonates fluorosubstituted ethers, perfluoroalkyl phosphoranes, fluorosubstituted phosphites, fluorosubstituted phosphates, fluorosubstituted phosphonates and fluorosubstituted heterocycles. Monofluoroethylene carbonate, cis-difluoroethylene carbonate, trans- difluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4- difluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoroethylene carbonate, tetrafluoroethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-methyl-l,3-dioxolane-2-one, 4-fluoro-4-ethyl- 1,3-dioxolane-2-one, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-methyl carbonate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-fluoromethyl carbonate are preferred. The solvent my further comprise non-fluorinated solvents, e.g. ethylene carbonate, a dialkyl carbonate or propylene carbonate. The invention also concerns the use of fluorinated compounds as additive for such batteries and specific electrolyte solutions.
Difluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoroethylene carbonate and tetrafluoroethylene carbonate are synthesized from dichloroethylene carbonate, trichloroethylene carbonate and tetrachloroethylene carbonate with fluorinating agents, e.g. alkali metal fluorides, antimony fluorides and especially the HF adducts of amines. The fluorinated carbonates are suitable as additives in lithium ion batteries.
C07D 317/46 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
14.
HIGH-PURITY FLUORINE GAS, THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF, AND A METHOD FOR MONITORING IMPURITIES IN A FLUORINE GAS
An apparatus for producing a fluorine gas, comprising at least one fluorine generating cell, and at least one fluorine generating cell detector for detecting components of products obtained by the fluorine generating cell, wherein at least one of the fluorine generating cells is connected with the fluorine generating cell detector.
A process for the manufacture of fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, fluoromethyl methyl carbonate and difluorinated dimethyl carbonate from ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and F2 is described wherein the fluorination process is performed continuously.
Difluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene carbonate are produced by the reaction between elemental fluorine and ethylene carbonate or fluorinated ethylene carbonates with a lower degree of fluorination.
Solar cells are manufactured from P-type doped monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon ingots by sawing wafers and applying an N-type doping. The wafers can be treated by etching them, in a plasma assisted process, with an etching gas containing or consisting of carbonyl fluoride. Hereby, the surface is roughened so that the degree of light reflection is reduced, or glass-like phosphorus-containing oxide coatings caused by phosphorus doping are removed. Carbonyl fluoride is also very suitable to selectively etch silicon oxide in silicon oxide/silicon composites.
Process for the destillative purification of fluoroethylene carbonate Crude fluoroethylene carbonate obtained by the fluorination of ethylene carbonate and elemental fluorine containing not more than 5 % by weight of HF is purified by at least two subsequent distillation steps. The bulk of HF can be removed, if desired,in a preliminary HF removal step, e.g. by stripping,before performing the distillation. Further,if desired, a second HF removal step can be performed by contacting the crude mixture or the distillate obtained after the first distillation step with an adsorbent for HF, e.g. silica gel. The distillation can be performed batch wise. It is preferred to perform it continuously. It yields purified fluoroethylene carbonate with an HF content of equal to or less than 30 ppm. The purified fluoroethylene carbonate can be applied as solvent additive for lithium ion batteries.
A process for the manufacture of Sevoflurane CF3-CH(OCH2F)-CF3 which comprises (a) manufacturing a substituted malonic acid derivative of formula (I) or (II): R1OOC-CH(OCH2X)-COOR2 (I) or R3HNOC-CH (OCH2X)-CONHR4 (II) wherein X is OH or a leaving group which can be substituted by nucleophilic substitution and R1, R2, R3, R4 equal to or different from each other, are independently selected from H, an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted by at least one halogen atom,, an aralkyl group or an aryl group, (b) further reacting said malonic acid derivative as intermediate for the manufacture of Sevoflurane CF3-CH(OCH2F)-CF3
C07C 41/22 - Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by introduction of halogenPreparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
C07C 51/15 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides by reaction of organic compounds with carbon dioxide, e.g. Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis
C07C 59/305 - Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
20.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FLUOROALKYL (FLUORO)ALKYL CARBONATES AND CARBAMATES
Fluoroalkyl alkyl carbonates and fluorosubstituted carbamates which are suitable as additives or solvents in lithium ion batteries are prepared from fluoroalkyl fluoro formates and the respective alcohol or amine. Methanol is the preferred alcohol, dimethylamine and diethylamine are preferred amines. Fluoromethyl methyl carbonate is the preferred compound to be produced. Fluoroalkyl fluoro formates can be prepared from aldehydes and carbonyl fluoride.
The present invention concerns 4-fluoro-4-R-5-R'-1,3-dioxolane-2-ones, wherein R is an alkyl group and R' is H or a C1 to C3 alkyl group, their manufacture, solvent mixtures for lithium ion batteries containing them and conductive salt solutions for lithium ion batteries, e.g. solutions containing LiPF6.
Hydrochlorofluoroalkenes can be used as etching gases for the production of etched items, for example, of semiconductors, flat panels, or solar cells. Preferred compounds are CF3-CH=CHCl (E), CF3-CH=CHCl (Z), CF3-CCl=CH2, CF3-CH=CCl-CH3 (E), CF3-CH=CCl-CH3 (Z) and CF3-CH2-CCl=CH2 which can be obtained from hydro chlorofluoroalkanes by thermal, base-induced or catalytic dehydrofluorination. The hydrochlorofluoroalkenes are preferably applied together with nitrogen, argon and/or xenon. The compounds have the especial advantage that they allow fast etching of nitrides, carbides and borides of refractory metals. Nitrides of Ta, Zr and Ti are used for example as barrier layers in microelectronic devices.
H01L 21/3213 - Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
C23F 1/00 - Etching metallic material by chemical means
Use of certain hydrofluoroalkenes for foam blowing, solvent cleaning, refrigeration, as etching gas for semiconductor etching or chamber cleaning, heat transfer, fire extinguishing and for the production of aerosols.
C08J 9/14 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
25.
COMPOSITIONS OF ESTERS OF FLUOROSUBSTITUTED ALCANOIC ACIDS
Composition of esters of fluorosubstituted alcanoic acids, comprising or consisting essentially of a compound of a formula selected from the group consisting of: RCFCIC(OAc)=CHC(O)OR1 (II); RCFHC(O)CH2C(O)OR1 (IV); RCFHC(OAc)=CHC(O)OR1 (V); and RCFHCH(OAc)CH2C(O)OR1 (VI); or of compounds of formula (I) RCFCIC(O)CH2C(O)OR1 and of formula (II); of compounds of formulae (IV) and (V); or of compounds of formulae (IV) and (VI); wherein R is C2F5, CF3 or F and R1 is an alkyl group with from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkyl group with from 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by 1 or more fluorine atoms. A process for the reduction of the compound of formula (I) and/or formula (II), and compositions resulting from such reduction. A process for the separation of the compound of formula (I) from the compound of formula (II) comprising subjecting a composition comprising such compounds to a distillation operation.
C07C 69/73 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
The invention provides a container containing a fluorinated organic carbonate and a gas atmosphere which contains cover gas selected from the group consisting of a noble gas, e.g., argon, xenon, a gaseous fluorinated aliphatic carbon which is heavier than air and does not interfere with the fluorinated organic compound, and SF6, or any mixture thereof,. Fluorinated organic carbonates are highly suitable as solvents or additives for solvent in Li ion batteries and consequently, must be kept in a very pure state even during expanded times of storage. The argon or xenon gas atmosphere prevents the intrusion of air or moisture even if the container is opened and the liquid handled in an environment of common air. The invention also provides for a method of storing fluorinated organic carbonates in a safe manner.
Metal parts, especially parts made from aluminium, aluminium alloys, steel and stainless steel, are described which comprise a coating containing TiOF2 or titanyl hydroxyfluorides. The coating protect against corrosion. Titanium oxyfluoride and titanyl hydroxyfluorides in the form of a gel are also disclosed, as well as particulate Ti0.85O0.55(OH)1.1F1.2 having a specific particle size.
C23C 18/12 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
Hydrochlorofluoroalkenes can be produced by dehydrofluorination of hydrochlorofluoroalkanes over X-ray amorphous high surface metal fluoride or X-ray amorphous or weakly crystalline metal oxide fluoride wherein the metal is selected from the 2nd, 3rd or 4th main group or any subgroup of the periodic system of elements. High-surface aluminium fluoride or aluminium oxide fluoride are especially suitable as catalysts. For example, CF3CH2CHClF is reacted to produce CF3CH=CHCl, and CF3CH2CClFCH3 is reacted to form CF3CH2CCl=CH2 and/or CF3CH=CClCH3.
Aluminium parts, e.g. heat exchangers, with improved resistance towards corrosion caused by contact with stationary water or aqueous compositions can be obtained by addition of Li compounds to the flux used for brazing the parts. LiF and especially Li fluoroaluminates are very suitable. Another aspect of the invention concerns fluxes containing Li salts and their use for brazing of aluminium parts.
A hydrofluoroolefin and hydrofluoroolefin isomers and a process for manufacture them comprising eliminating HF from a fluorinated precursor compound are described. The fluorinated precursor compound may be provided by fluorinating a chlorinated precursor. The fluorinated precursor compound may be a fluorinated alkane. The hydroolefines are suitable as blowing agents, heat transfer fluids, or drying agents or degreasing solvents.
A bundle trailer for containers including (i) a supporting frame on which a plurality of bundles are located; (ii) a plurality of bundles, each bundle comprising : a bundle frame, a plurality of containers containing a chemical, and at least one bundle value for controlling delivery of the chemical in the containers; (iii) at least one trailer valve; and (iv) at least one clamp for fixing the bundle is disclosed. The bundle trailer is capable of delivering high purity hygroscopic, corrosive chemicals, such as elemental fluorine and mixtures thereof, with good flexibility, high safety, and low cost.
Fluorosubstituted organic carbonates, especially mono-, di-, tri and tetrafluorofluoroethylene carbonates can be applied as water-removing agent or to remove other liquid or solid contaminants, for example, grease and dust. Preferably, transport tanks or storage tanks are treated which are used to store the respective fluorinated carbonates for use as additive of lithium ion batteries.
Fluorine is prepared by electrolysis of precursors, generally of fluoride salts in molten form or dissolved in HF. An anode is applied which is based on matrices made of AI2O3, SiC and SixNy and conductive ceramics. Especially borides, nitrides and carbides of metals of sub-groups 4 to 6 of the periodic system of elements, boron-doped silicon carbide and boron-doped diamond are conductive and can be applied in the construction of anodes for the electrochemical production of fluorine. Chlorine can be produced from chlorides.
Fluorine is prepared by electrolysis of precursors, generally of fluoride salts in molten form, e.g. in the form of molten KF-2HF. An anode is applied which is fully constituted of or coated with nitrides, diborides or carbides of metals of the 4th to 6th sub group of the periodical system of the elements or boron-doped silicon carbide; alternatively, it contains them in a conductive or non-conductive matrix. Preferably, diborides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium or tungsten, or mixtures of two or three of them, are applied.
Process for the manufacture of etched items C4 compounds selected from the group of trifluorobutadienes and tetrafluorobutenes can be used as etching gases, especially for anisotropic etching in the production of etched items, for example, of semiconductors, e.g.semiconductor memories or semiconductor logic circuits, flat panels, or solar cells. Preferred compounds are 1,1,3-trifluoro-1,3-butadiene, (E)-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene, 2,4,4,4-tetrafluoro-1-butene and (Z)-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene which can be obtained from halotetrafluorobutanes or 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane by thermal, base-induced or catalytic dehydrohalogenation, especially by catalytic dehydrofluorination. The C4 compounds have the especial advantage that they allow the direct etching of photoresist-protected items where the pattern of the photoresist is defined by light of a wavelength of 193nm, or even “extreme UV light”. Nodes with a very narrow gap, for example, nodes with gaps of 130nm, 90nm, 45 or 32nm and even 22nm can be produced.
Fluidizable potassium fluorozincate which is very suitable for dry fluxing applications can be prepared from a diluted potassium base selected from KOH, KHCO3 and K2CO3, ZnO and HF. The cumulative volume of the particles has an X10 value of equal to or greater than 1.5, preferably, equal to or greater than 2. It is very suitable for pneumatic transport for aluminium brazing.
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxesSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
The invention concerns a process for the preparation of HF and anhydrite from calcium fluoride in the form of fines and sulfuric acid. The content of sulfuric acid is kept in a range where no agglomeration occurs. In the process of the invention, dust originating from natural fluorspar can be reacted, as well as synthetic calcium fluoride, e.g. from calcium fluoride and optionally calcium carbonate containing solids from treating waste gas or waste water with basic calcium compounds to remove contained HF.
Aluminium parts, e.g. heat exchangers, with improved resistance towards corrosion caused by contact with water for an extended period of time can be obtained by applying a heat treatment or a flux which provides after brazing a high content of K3AlF6. The corrosive effect can also be suppressed if at least one anticorrosive agent selected from the group of water-soluble calcium containing salts with the exception of CaF2 and salts containing the AlF4, AlF5 or AlF6 ion and hydrates thereof is contacted with the contact water which contains leached fluoride ion.
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxesSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
C09K 5/20 - Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids
C23F 11/08 - Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
39.
PREPARATION OF FLUORINATED ORGANIC CARBONATES DEPLETED IN HF USING A SPECIFIC ABSORBENT
The content of hydrogen fluorides in fluorosubstituted organic carbonates can be reduced by contact with SiO2 containing agents, especially silica gel. The process is especially suitable to reduce the hydrogen fluoride content in fluoroethylene carbonate which after further purification can be applied as solvent or solvent additive in lithium ion batteries.
Mixtures comprising organic carbonates (carbonates not substituted by fluorine, but especially fluorosubstituted organic carbonates) depleted in HF can be obtained from respective mixtures with a higher HF content by a step of stripping the mixtures with inert gas. For example, reaction mixtures comprising fluoroethylene carbonate and HF can be treated in this way. The organic carbonate depleted in HF can be distilled to obtain highly purified organic carbonate.
Solar cells are manufactured from P-type doped monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon ingots by sawing wafers and applying an N- type doping. The wafers can be improved by etching them, especially in a plasma assisted process, with fluorine, carbonyl fluoride or NF3. Hereby, the surface is roughened so that the degree of light reflexion is reduced, cracks caused from the sawing operation are prevented from proliferation, and glass-like phosphorous-containing oxide coatings caused by phosphorous doping are removed.
H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
H01L 21/77 - Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
42.
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Elemental fluorine and carbonyl fluoride are suitable etchants for producing microelectromechanical devices ('MEMS'). They are preferably applied as mixtures with nitrogen and argon. If applied in Bosch-type process, C4F6 is a highly suitable passivating gas.
Process for the preparation manganese tetrafluoride Manganese tetrafluoride is prepared by a reaction between manganese difluoride or manganese trifluoride particles and elemental fluorine. During the reaction, surfaces of the particles are rendered fresh, e.g. by mechanical impact on the particles. Thereby, also agglomeration, sintering or vitrification of the particles is prevented. The impact is not so intensive that the particles would be crushed.
Process for the removal or recovery of fluorine from fluorine containing waste gases Waste gases, especially those from pro cesses used in the semiconductor industry, e.g. from etching silicon wafers or clean ing processing chambers with elemental fluorine, are contacted with a metal or metal compound which reacts with the fluorine contained in the waste gas mi xtures forming a metal fluoride which comprises reversibly bound fluorine. Pref erably, a manganese fluoride is applied which forms manganese tetrafluoride which, in turn, can be heated to split off elemental fluorine. The process allows the recovery of elem ental fluorine in a pure form suitable for reuse. No figure
Elemental fluorine can be purified by contact with manganese fluoride. Especially heavy metals can be remove d from the elemental fluorine which is passed over and/or through the manganese fluoride. Purified fluorine leaves the reactor. A part of the fluorine may react with manganese fluoride to form manganese tetrafluoride. Manganese tetrafluoride can be heated so that fluorine splits off which also is ready for use.
Method for brazing of titanium and aluminium parts and parts obtainable thereby Aluminium and titanium parts can be joined to each other by brazing in the presence of an alkali metal fluoroaluminate in a protective gas atmosphere which comprises argon. According to the process, the assemblies of aluminium and titanium, joint by brazing, can be used for example in or as chemical apparatus, as parts for cars, boats, space transportation systems, or airplanes, or for manufacturing heat exchangers.
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxesSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
47.
PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF ALUMINIUM FROM ALUMINIUM DROSS
During melting of aluminium, e.g. for purification of aluminium, salts are added to remove impurities or to protect the molten aluminium against oxidation by air and other undesired reactions. After separation of the aluminium, aluminium dross remains in the furnaces and parts thereof, for example, on impellers. This dross contains aluminium. The process according to the present invention provides for an easy and effective process to recover aluminium contained in the dross by adding potassium fluoroaluminate and heating the resulting mixture.
The invention consequently relates, in one aspect, to a process for obtaining a hydrofluoroalkane comprising at least two carbon atoms, which is purified of unsaturated organic impurities, according to which the hydrofluoroalkane containing organic impurities including (chloro)fluoro olefins is subjected to at least one purification treatment with bromine or BrCl, preferably in the presence of an initiator. The process is suitable, for example, to purify 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. A further aspect concerns the application of LEDs or OLEDs to support chemical reactions of the gas-gas, liquid-liquid or gas-liquid type, and a respective reactor.
Halogenated alkenes, especially fluorinated alkenes can be prepared from halogenated and fluorinated alkanes, respectively, by dehydrohalogenation or dehydrofluorination in the presence of a high-surface metal fluoride or oxifluoride. Preferably, trifluoroethylene, pentafluoropropene, tetrafluorobutenes or trifluorobutadiene are prepared. Aluminium fluoride is highly suitable. The metal fluoride or oxifluoride can be applied supported on a carrier.
Sulfuryl fluoride is reacted with a perfluoroalkene continuously, for example, under a pressure of up to 2 bars (abs), to form a sulfonyl fluoride or a sulfone. A preferred perfluoroalkene is hexafluoropropene which can be reacted with sulfuryl fluoride to form perfluoroisopropylsulfonyl fluoride.
C07C 303/02 - Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acidsPreparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of sulfonic acids or halides thereof
C07C 309/80 - Halides of sulfonic acids having halosulfonyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
51.
METHOD OF HANDLING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING PENTAFLUOROBUTANE
A method of using a nonflammable composition comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene which comprises at least one step wherein said composition is not handled under conditions required for handling of flammable products.
The invention relates to non-flammable compositions comprising fluorinated compounds selected from the group consisting of hydro fluoroalkanes, hydrofluoroalkenes, partially or perfluorinated aromatic compounds, hydrofluoroethers or fluoroketones, 1,2-dichloroethylene, especially trans- 1,2-dichloroethylene, and a stabilizer. These non-flammable compositions which preferably contain 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, can be used especially as solvents for cleaning and defluxing electronic components and for degreasing metals. The compositions further may comprise a propellant, e.g. 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. These compositions are especially suitable as flushing agent.
B01D 12/00 - Displacing liquid, e.g. from wet solids or from dispersions of liquids or from solids in liquids, by means of another liquid
C23G 5/028 - Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methodsApparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
53.
PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE FROM CALCIUM FLUORIDE AND SULFURIC ACID
Calcium fluoride fines or residues comprising calcium fluoride fines, e.g. residues from treating,waste water or waste gas, e.g. originating from HF or fertilizer production, with calcium oxide or calcium carbonate to remove HF or fluorides can be converted to HF and calcium sulfate by reaction with sulfuric acid in the form of a suspension. Unreacted calcium oxide or calcium carbonate generates sufficient heat to the endothermic reaction between calcium fluoride and sulfuric acid so that no external heat is needed.
The essentially pure isomers of 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene and specific mixtures thereof together with certain other compounds are suitable for application in refrigerants and other methods of use, e.g. as solvents, blowing agents, fire extinguishants, ORC liquids, heat transformer liquids, heat pipe liquids or aerosol-producing gases.
Process for the production of a fluorine containing -hydroxy carboxylic acid by hydrolyzing a fluorine containing -hydroxy nitrile in the presence of a nitrilase.
Compounds of general formula (I) CxFy-O-CF=CFW wherein x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, y=2x +1, and wherein W is F, CF3, C2F5, C3F7, or formula (II), CxFy-O-CX=CYZ wherein x and y have the meaning given above, X stands for H or F, Y stands for H or F and Z stands for H, F, CF3 or C2F5 with the proviso that at least one of X, Y or Z are H and that not more than 2 hydrogen atoms are contained in the compound of general formula (II), are suitable as or part of refrigerants, solvents, blowing agents, fire extinguishants, ORC liquids, heat transformer liquids, heat pipe liquids or aerosol-producing gases. Preferred co-refrigerants are CF3I, HFC-134a or one or more pentafluoropropenes.
Flux for brazing of aluminium The invention discloses fluxes or compositions with fluxes which comprise fluoroaluminate anions and cations of potassium, cesium and of at least one kind of metals selected from the group consisting of cerium, bismuth and lanthanum. Such fluxes can be used for brazing aluminium and aluminium alloys with magnesium. They are especially suitable for brazing parts at least one of which has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm, for example brazing sheet to form a tube.
B23K 35/34 - Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material comprising compounds which yield metals when heated
B23K 35/36 - Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxesSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
58.
REVERSIBLE WATER-FREE PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF ACID-CONTAINING GAS MIXTURES
Gas mixtures which comprise acids like HF, HCl oder HBr and other constituents, especially gas mixtures which comprise or consist of carboxylic acid fluorides, C(O)F2 or phosphorous pentafluoride and HCl and optionally HF, can be separated by ionic liquids. The process is performed reversibly. Ionic liquids are applied the anion of which corresponds to a stronger acid than the acid to be removed. Highly purified products, for example, highly purified carbonyl fluoride can be obtained.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
Mixtures of fluorine and inert gases like nitrogen and/or argon can be used for etching of semiconductors, solar panels and flat panels (TFTs and LCDs), and for cleaning of semiconductor surfaces and plasma chambers. Preferably, fluorine is comprised in an amount of 15 to 25 vol.-% in binary mixtures. The gas mixtures can be used as substitute or drop-in for respective mixtures comprising NF3 and permit a very flexible operation of plasma apparatus. For example, apparatus tuned for NF3/Ar mixtures can be operated without further tuning using fluorine and argon, optionally together with nitrogen. The fluorine content is preferably in the range of 1 to 5 vol.-%, if ternary mixtures of fluorine, nitrogen and argon are used.
C23F 4/00 - Processes for removing metallic material from surfaces, not provided for in group or
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
Carbonyl fluoride and carboxylic acid fluorides can be added onto perfluoroalkenes, for example hexafiuoropropene, under unpressurized conditions. Perfiuoroalkylcarboxylic acid fluorides or ketones having a perfluoroalkyl group can thus be prepared in a simple way.
Alkenone ethers, especially haloalkenone ethers are intermediates in chemical synthesis. By-products are formed during storage and these can be removed by freezing-out.
The usability of certain fluorinated organic compounds which have aromatic radicals, C=C double bonds, C=O groups, amines groups or organosilicon groups as an additive for Li ion batteries is disclosed.
The invention relates to working fluids for energy conversion in a thermal ORC process for combined generation of electrical and heat energy. The heat source used is in particular thermal water. The working fluids used are partially or perfluorinated hydrocarbons and/or partially or perfluorinated polyethers and/or partially or perfluorinated ketones. In one embodiment of the invention, the working fluid used is a combination of 1,1,1 ,3,3-pentafluorobutane and a fluorinated polyether having a molecular weight of 340 and a boiling point of 57°C at 101.3 kPa.
F01K 25/08 - Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided forPlants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
06 - Common metals and ores; objects made of metal
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Chemicals used in industry; fluxes, chemical preparations
and products for soldering and welding. Soldering and welding alloys (of base metals); welding ends
of metal for soldering and welding; soldering and welding
materials, included in this class; soldering and welding
wires and rods of metal. Mounting and assembly of metal alloy goods for third persons
by soldering and welding.
