Provided is a lining structure having improved workability for construction. In a lining structure 10, a second side 61 of a second lining plate 2 overlaps a receiving part 4 of an adjacent first lining plate 1 and abuts a first side 30 of the first lining plate 1 in one of the vertical and horizontal directions (horizontal direction X). In addition, in the lining structure 10, a second side 31 of a first lining plate 1 overlaps a receiving part 7 of an adjacent second lining plate 2 and abuts a first side 60 of the second lining plate 2 in the other of the vertical and horizontal directions (vertical direction Y). Furthermore, in the lining structure 10, a lengthwise direction end 40 of the receiving part 4 of a first lining plate 1 is located inside a lengthwise direction end 40 of a diagonally adjacent receiving part 4 of a first lining plate 1 with the two ends 40 mutually engaged and is positioned in a space 9 of the second lining plate 2 adjacent in the one direction (horizontal direction X).
E04F 13/12 - Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elementsSub-structures thereforFastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of metal
METHOD FOR PRODUCING PHOTOCATALYST MATERIAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING MATERIAL FOR PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENTS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING WEAR-RESISTANT MEMBER, METHOD FOR PRODUCING MEMBER FOR PREVENTING DETERIORATION OF EDIBLE OILS, PHOTOCATALYST MATERIAL, MATERIAL FOR PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENTS, WEAR-RESISTANT MEMBER, AND MEMBER FOR PREVENTING DETERIORATION OF EDIBLE OILS
The purpose of the present invention is to produce a titanium material, on the surface of which a crystalline titanium oxide film is formed. This titanium material, on the surface of which a crystalline titanium oxide film is formed, is useful as a photocatalyst material that exhibits a high function, a material for photoelectric conversion elements, a wear-resistant member, a member for preventing deterioration of edible oils, and the like. A method for producing a titanium material, on the surface of which a crystalline titanium oxide film is formed, according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: (1) a step for forming a surface roughened material by subjecting the surface of a titanium material to a surface roughening treatment; (2) a step for forming a titanium compound on the surface of the surface roughened material; (3) a step for forming an amorphous titanium oxide film by subjecting the material, on the surface of which a titanium compound is formed, to anodic oxidation; and (4) a step for forming a crystalline titanium oxide film by heating the material, on the surface of which an amorphous titanium oxide film is formed, at a temperature of 300°C or higher in the atmosphere.
C23C 28/04 - Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of main groups , or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses and only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell module which is capable of achieving a high electric power. A dye-sensitized solar cell module in which a photoelectrode and a counter electrode are arranged to face each other in a T-shape, with an electrolyte layer being interposed therebetween.
A dye-sensitized solar cell wherein a photoelectrode and a counter electrode are arranged so as to face each other with an electrolyte layer being interposed therebetween. The photoelectrode is obtained by providing a block layer on a titanium material and additionally forming a porous titanium oxide layer, which contains a dye sensitizer, on the block layer; the block layer is configured of at least two layers selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide layer, an aluminum oxide layer, a silicon oxide layer, a zirconium oxide layer, a strontium titanate layer, a magnesium oxide layer and a niobium oxide layer; an aluminum oxide layer is necessarily formed on the titanium material of the block layer; and the counter electrode is obtained by forming an electrochemical reduction catalyst layer on a transparent conductive glass or film by coating.
The purpose of the present invention is to solve problems such as the optical degradation of sensitizing dye which is a concern of a dye-sensitized solar cell, the volatilization of electrolyte solution, low durability due to leakage, and high manufacturing cost which is a concern in silicon solar cells and compound-semiconductor solar cells. Provided is a perovskite solar cell in which a negative electrode, a hole block layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and a positive electrode are sequentially formed. The perovskite solar cell is characterized in that: the negative electrode comprises at least one type of material selected from a group including metal titanium, titanium alloy, metal titanium subjected to surface treatment, and titanium alloy subjected to surface treatment; and the positive electrode is irradiated with light.
H01L 51/44 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation - Details of devices
Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell having a large area, which is capable of achieving high electric power. A dye-sensitized solar cell in which a photoelectrode and a counter electrode are arranged to face each other with an electrolyte layer being interposed therebetween, and which is characterized in that: (1) the photoelectrode is obtained by forming a titanium oxide layer containing a dye sensitizer on a titanium material; and (2) the counter electrode is obtained by forming an electrochemical reduction catalyst layer on a transparent conductive glass or a transparent conductive film by coating, and the counter electrode is provided with a collector electrode.
An installation surface for installation of a device for cleaning and bacteria elimination and the device itself are maintained hygienically. A cleaning device is provided with a cleaning unit (6), a disinfecting unit (1), a rinsing unit (2), and an installation surface (4) on which the cleaning unit (6), the disinfecting unit (1), and the rinsing unit (2) are installed. The installation surface (4) is constituted of a photocatalytic material fabricated by: (1) a step for forming titanium nitride on the surface of titanium material by heat treatment in an ammonia atmosphere or a nitrogen gas atmosphere wherein the heating temperature is 750°C or greater; (2) a step for carrying out anodic oxidation on the titanium material obtained in step (1), whereon titanium nitride has been formed on the surface, by applying a voltage of 10 V or greater in an electrolyte not having an etching action for titanium and forming an oxide coating of titanium; and (3) a step for carrying out heat treatment of the titanium material obtained in step (2), whereon the oxide coating of titanium has been formed on the surface, in an atmosphere selected from an air atmosphere, an atmosphere wherein oxygen gas and nitrogen gas are mixed, or an oxygen gas atmosphere at a temperature of 400°C or greater.
Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell with which it is possible to achieve a high power corresponding to a high photoelectric conversion efficiency. This dye-sensitized solar cell has a photoelectrode and a counter electrode positioned facing one another with an electrolyte layer interposed therebetween, and is characterized by: (1) the photoelectrode comprising a titanium oxide layer containing a dye-sensitizing agent formed on a titanium material; (2) a counter electrode being obtained by coating an electrochemical reduction catalyst layer on a transparent conductive glass or a transparent conductive film, and (3) the beam-condensing unit being positioned on the counter electrode side.
This method for manufacturing an edible oil deterioration preventing member is characterized by comprising: (1) a step for forming titanium nitride upon the surface of a titanium metal material or a titanium alloy material, using one treatment method selected from the group consisting of heat-treating under an ammonia gas atmosphere and heat-treating under a nitrogen gas atmosphere, at a heating temperature of 750°C or more; (2) a step for forming a titanium oxide film by subjecting the titanium metal material or the titanium alloy material with titanium nitride formed upon the surface thereof obtained at step (1) to anodization by applying a voltage of 10 V or more thereto in an electrolyte solution that does not have an etching effect on titanium; and (3) heat-treating the titanium metal material or the titanium alloy material with a titanium oxide film formed upon the surface thereof obtained at step (2) at a temperature of 400°C or more under an atmosphere selected from an air atmosphere, an oxygen gas atmosphere, and a mixed atmosphere of oxygen gas and nitrogen gas.
C23F 17/00 - Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class and at least one process covered by subclass or or class
A47J 37/12 - Deep fat fryers, e.g. for frying fish or chips
Provided is a novel method for treating soil-contaminating water, the method using a photocatalytic material capable of efficiently removing volatile organic compounds and heavy metals, which are causing soil contamination, by irradiation of light alone. A method for treating soil-contaminating water that detoxifies volatile organic compounds contained in soil-contaminating water using a photocatalytic material, the method being characterized in comprising (1) a process for obtaining a gas phase by gas-liquid separation of the soil-contaminating water, and (2) a process for degrading the volatile organic compounds contained in the gas phase obtained in Process (1) using the photocatalytic material. A method for treating soil-contaminating water that removes heavy metals contained in soil-contaminating water using a photocatalytic material, the method being characterized in comprising (1) a process for obtaining a liquid phase by gas-liquid separation of the soil-contaminating water, and (2) a process for removing the heavy metals contained in the liquid phase obtained in Process (1) using the photocatalytic material.
B01D 53/72 - Organic compounds not provided for in groups , e.g. hydrocarbons
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B09C 1/02 - Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching
B09C 1/08 - Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
C02F 1/30 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
C02F 1/461 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
Provided is a dye-sensitized solar cell having a high photoelectric conversion efficiency and good durability. The dye-sensitized solar cell, in which a photoelectrode and a counter electrode are disposed to face each other through an electrolyte layer, is characterized in that (1) the photoelectrode is a titanium metal material or a titanium alloy material on which is formed a semiconductor layer containing a dye sensitizer, (2) the counter electrode is a titanium metal material or a titanium alloy material on which an electrochemical reduction catalyst layer is coated, and (3) a photo-irradiation means is disposed between the photoelectrode and the counter electrode.
H01L 51/44 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation - Details of devices
12.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING SURFACE-TREATED METAL TITANIUM MATERIAL OR TITANIUM ALLOY MATERIAL, AND SURFACE-TREATED MATERIAL
A material, which is useful as an abrasion-resistant member, a photocatalytic material capable of exhibiting a function at a high level, a material for photoelectric conversion elements and the like, is produced without requiring the employment of complicated processes or complicated handling procedures which are disadvantages of conventional techniques. A method for producing a surface-treated metal titanium material or titanium alloy material, said method being characterized by comprising (1) a step of forming a titanium nitride on the surface of a metal titanium material and (2) a step of subjecting the metal titanium material having the titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof, which is produced in step (1), to a heating treatment in an oxidative atmosphere; a production method as mentioned above, said method being characterized by involving, between the above-mentioned steps (1) and (2), a step of carrying out the anodic oxidation of the metal titanium material having the titanium nitride formed on the surface thereof, which is produced in step (1), in an electrolytic solution that cannot etch titanium to thereby form a titanium oxide coating film on the metal titanium material; and a surface-treated material.
C23F 17/00 - Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class and at least one process covered by subclass or or class
Provided are a washing method and washing device making it possible to remove dirt and bacteria adhering to a container and pesticides and bacteria adhering to a crop product such as a vegetable or fruit, in a shorter period of time, by using lower concentrations of acidic water/alkaline water, and without adverse environmental impact from waste solution after washing. The washing method comprises: a washing step for washing a container (B) or crop product (A) with alkaline water; after the washing step, a sterilization step for sterilizing the container (B) or the crop product (A) with acidic water; after the sterilization step, a rinsing step for rinsing the container (B) or the crop product (A) with a rinse solution; a purification treatment step for recovering the waste solution of the alkaline water used for washing and the waste solution of the acidic water used for sterilization, and running the alkaline water and acidic water through a purification treatment with a photocatalytic material; and, after the purification treatment step, a filtration step for filtering the alkaline water and acidic water with a filter. Providing the solution having been filtered with the filter for use with alkaline water/acidic water also makes it possible to provide a circulation-type washing device (10) and washing method.
Disclosed is a new technique that can use a photocatalytic material to break down compatible new hazardous substances, even in fields in which gaseous or liquid hazardous substances need to be broken down rapidly. The disclosed decomposition method using a photocatalytic material is characterized by being capable of rapidly breaking down gaseous or liquid hazardous substances with extremely high efficiency by using a photocatalytic material together with a dilute hydrogen peroxide solution.
Disclosed is a dye-sensitized solar cell which has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Specifically disclosed is a dye-sensitized solar cell wherein a photoelectrode and a counter electrode are so arranged as to face each other with an electrolyte layer interposed therebetween. The dye-sensitized solar cell is characterized in that (1) the photoelectrode is obtained by forming a semiconductor layer containing a dye sensitizer on a titanium or titanium alloy material that has an opening portion; and (2) a condenser device is arranged on the titanium or titanium alloy material of the photoelectrode.
Provided is an electrolytic electrode used as an anode arranged at a distance from a rotatable cathode. The electrolytic electrode includes a base (10) having an arc-shaped cross section and a plurality of electrode plates (12) arranged on the inner surface of the base (10). The electrolytic electrode is configured so that power can be supplied separately to each of the electrode plates (12). With this configuration, the electrolytic electrode can easily obtain a uniform electrolytic current density.
A process for producing a crystalline titanium oxide coating film useful as a photocatalyst, photo-electric converting element, etc. The process is suitable for industrial production and enables the crystalline titanium oxide to be formed in a large amount. A crystalline titanium oxide coating film is produced via the following steps (a-1) and (b): (a-1) a step in which titanium or a titanium alloy is heated under the conditions of any of the following (1) to (3) to thereby form a titanium nitride on the surface of the titanium or titanium alloy: (1) in a nitrogen and/or ammonia gas atmosphere in which an oxygen-trapping agent is present, (2) in an atmosphere filled with nitrogen and/or ammonia gas after the atmospheric gas has been removed by evacuation, and (3) in an atmosphere filled with nitrogen and/or ammonia gas after the atmospheric gas has been removed by evacuation, an oxygen-trapping agent being present in the atmosphere; and (b) a step in which the titanium or titanium alloy obtained in the step (a-1) is immersed in an electrolytic solution containing an inorganic acid and/or organic acid and a voltage is applied thereto to conduct anodizing.
C23C 28/00 - Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of main groups , or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses and
patents