The present invention relates to a connection element (10) for an electrically conductive connection of an electrical stack connection (122) of an SOFC fuel cell stack (120) in an SOFC fuel cell tower (100) in which at least two SOFC fuel cell stacks (120) are placed one above the other in a stacking direction (SR), the connection element comprising an electrically conductive connection body (20) having a first body connection (22) and a second body connection (24) spaced apart therefrom, wherein the connection body (20) has at least one compensation portion (26) between the first body connection (22) and the second body connection (24) for elastic length compensation of the connection distance (AA) between the two body connections (22, 24) in a compensation direction (AR).
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01R 11/01 - Individual connecting elements providing two or more spaced connecting locations for conductive members which are, or may be, thereby interconnected, e.g. end pieces for wires or cables supported by the wire or cable and having means for facilitating electrical connection to some other wire, terminal, or conductive member, blocks of binding posts characterised by the form or arrangement of the conductive interconnection between their connecting locations
H01M 8/2475 - Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
The present invention provides a method for creating a three-dimensional road map (44), comprising the steps of: a) providing a vehicle (10) which comprises a measuring device (12), which has an inertial measuring system, a GNSS antenna (20) and a camera device (13) which is time-synchronous with the inertial measuring system and the GNSS antenna (20); b) recording the vehicle orientation using the inertial measurement system, the vehicle position using the GNSS antenna (20), and images using the camera device (13) while driving along a lane (60) such that at least some of the images show an outer contact point (32) of a tire (16, 18) and a lane edge (36); c) determining a distance (42) between the outer contact point (32) of the tire (16, 18) and a lane edge point (34) of the lane edge (36) from vehicle orientation values that are each recorded at the same time in step b) and one of the images; d) calculating an absolute position (52) of the lane edge point (34) defined in step c) from the vehicle position and the distance (42) determined in step c) for the point in time;) repeating steps c) and d) for a plurality of temporally successive absolute positions (52); f) determining a first lane edge line (46) of the lane by connecting or interpolating the plurality of temporally successive absolute positions (52); and g) repeating steps b) to e) for a second lane edge (36) opposite the first lane edge (36) and then h) determining a second lane edge line (48) of the lane (60) opposite the first lane edge (36) by connecting or interpolating the plurality of temporally successive absolute positions (54) of the second lane edge (36); and i) outputting the three-dimensional road map (44), comprising the first lane edge line (46) and the second lane edge line (48).
The invention relates to a method for removing nitrogen oxides from an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine (1), operated using hydrogen as fuel, by means of an exhaust gas purification system (2) which has an SCR catalyst (4) and is connected to the internal combustion engine (1), wherein a metered amount of an ammonia-containing reducing agent to be supplied, at the inlet of the SCR catalyst (4), to the exhaust gas is determined. According to the invention, an air-fuel ratio λ of an air-fuel mixture combusted in the internal combustion engine (1) is determined and, if there are predefinable or predefined operating conditions of the internal combustion engine (1), the metered amount is determined on the basis of the determined air-fuel ratio λ. The invention further relates to a hydrogen engine (1) having a connected exhaust gas purification system (2) which has an SCR catalyst (4) and a metering unit (5) for supplying, on the inlet side of the SCR catalyst (4), an ammonia-containing reducing agent into an exhaust gas emitted by the hydrogen engine (1), and having a control unit (10) for determining a metered amount of the reducing agent for reducing nitrogen oxides present in the exhaust gas of the hydrogen engine (1).
F02D 19/02 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
F02D 41/00 - Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operationControl specially adapted for catalytic conversion
The invention relates to an internal combustion engine (1) having a cylinder head (3), which is cooled according to a top-down cooling concept, for at least one cylinder (2), the cylinder head having, per cylinder (2), at least one injection device (130) with an injector (13) for directly introducing a fuel into a combustion chamber (12), wherein the cylinder head (3) has at least one lower cooling chamber (8) adjacent to a fire deck (7) and at least one upper cooling chamber (9) spaced apart from the fire deck (7), wherein the upper cooling chamber (9) and the lower cooling chamber (8) are separated from one another by an intermediate deck (10), wherein at least one overflow channel (11, 26) is formed between the upper cooling chamber (9) and the lower cooling chamber (8). In order to enable high engine braking powers and to avoid irregular combustion, it is provided that the injection device (130) is at least partially surrounded by a flow-guiding wall (31) in the region of an opening (16) of the injector (13).
F02F 1/40 - Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling cylinder heads with means for directing, guiding, or distributing liquid stream
F02M 21/02 - Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
F02M 53/04 - Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
F02M 61/14 - Arrangements of injectors with respect to enginesMounting of injectors
5.
Method for analyzing an automation system of an installation, emulator for at least partial virtual operation of an automation system of an installation, and system for analyzing an automation system of an installation
The invention relates to a method for analyzing an automation system an emulator for at least partial virtual operation of an automation system of an installation, and a system for analyzing an automation system of an installation. An environment scenario for the installation is simulated. A response signal to be detected by at least one environment sensor is derived from the perspective of the at least one environment sensor on the basis of the simulated environment scenario. The response signal is output to the at least one environment sensor by means of an emulator, wherein the at least one environment sensor generates sensor data on the basis of the output response signal. In addition, the automation system and/or the installation are/is operated by means of the generated sensor data and preferably further sensor data of real and/or simulated sensors.
The invention relates to a method (1000) for operating an electrolysis system (10) which has at least one electrolyzer stack (100), with an air side (120) and a reactant side (130), and different operating situations. The method (1000) has the steps of detecting the operating situation of the electrolysis system (10) and controlling the electrolysis system (10) on the basis of the detected operating situation. In the method (1000), the operating situation of the electrolysis system (10) is determined to be a special operating situation if the detected operating situation deviates from a normal operation of the electrolysis system (10) for generating a synthesis gas from a reactant as intended. For the detected special operating situation, at least one electric heater (221, 222) is controlled so as to control the temperature of air which can be supplied to the air side (120) in order to control the temperature of the electrolyzer stack (100). Furthermore, for the special operating situation, a heating gas is guided to the reactant side (130), said heating gas having at least one protective gas. The invention also relates to a computer program product, to a control device (20) for carrying out the method (1000), and to an electrolysis system (10) comprising the control device (20).
The present invention relates to a production process for an electrically conductive winding for a rotating electric machine and to an electrically conductive winding (100) which is intended for a rotating electric machine and has a main winding section (10) and at least one winding head section (20), which forms an axial end of the winding (100). The conductor ends (12, 21) of conductor elements (11, 22) of the main winding section (10) and of the at least one winding head section (20) are simultaneously connected to one another by means of a vibration- or friction-welding connection technique, with the construction of the winding (100) providing the suitable conductor sections (11, 22) and such assigned positioning and fixing of these conductor sections opposite one another as is required for the connection technique.
The present invention relates to a fuel cell tower (10) of a fuel cell system having a housing (20), which has a housing space (22), in which at least one fuel cell stack (30) is arranged, wherein the housing (20) has at least one side opening (24), which is closed by means of a side wall (40), wherein at least one compressible compression layer (50) is arranged between the side wall (40), which closes the at least one side opening (24), and the at least one fuel cell stack (30), which compressible compression layer at least in sections contacts the fuel cell stack (30) and an inner side (42) of the side wall (40) in a sealing manner.
The present invention relates to a fuel cell system (100) for generating electrical energy, comprising a fuel cell stack (110) with an anode section (120) and a cathode section (130), the anode section (120) comprising an anode supply section (122) for supplying anode feed gas (AZG) and an anode discharge section (124) for discharging anode exhaust gas (AAG), the cathode section (130) comprising a cathode supply section (132) for supplying cathode feed gas (KZG) and a cathode discharge section (134) for discharging cathode exhaust gas (KAG), wherein the anode discharge section (124) has a divider section (125) for dividing the anode exhaust gas (AAG) into an anode recirculation section (140) for recirculation as anode recirculation gas (ARG) and an anode outlet section (150) for discharge into the environment as anode outlet gas (AUG), wherein a condenser device (126) is arranged in the anode discharge section (124) or in the anode recirculation section (140) in heat-transmitting contact with the cathode supply section (132) to cool the anode exhaust gas (AAG) or the anode recirculation gas (ARG) by heating up the cathode feed gas (KZG), wherein a water outlet (128) is arranged downstream of the condenser device (126) to discharge the condensation water (KW) condensed in the condenser device (126), wherein a mixing section (123) is arranged downstream of the water outlet (128) for mixing the anode recirculation gas (ARG) with fuel gas (BRG) and for supplying this, as anode feed gas (AZG), into the anode supply section (122).
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
10.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING A FUEL CELL SYSTEM
The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system (10) that comprises at least one fuel cell stack (100) having an air side (120) and having a fuel side (130). The fuel cell system (10) is operated in various operating situations which include a normal operating situation (BS350) for outputting electrical power and numerous special operating situations during transitions from or to the normal operating situation (BS350). The method comprises detecting a present operating situation of the fuel cell system (10) and controlling the fuel cell system (10) in accordance with the detected present operating situation. For a detected special operating situation, an air temperature of air that can be fed to the fuel cell system (10) via an air inlet portion (112) is controlled by means of at least one electric heater (223, 243). Furthermore, a course of at least one flow path of the thus-heated air in the fuel cell system (10) is selected from at least two possible flow path courses in the fuel cell system (10) in accordance with the special operating situation. The invention also relates to a computer program product and to a control device (20) for carrying out the method. The invention also relates to a fuel cell system (10).
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
11.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING AN ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM
The invention relates to a method for operating an electrolysis system (10) which has at least one electrolyzer stack (100), with an air side (120) and a reactant side (130), and different operating situations. The method has the steps of detecting the operating situation of the electrolysis system (10) and controlling the electrolysis system (10) on the basis of the detected operating situation. According to the method, residual gas (RG), having a composition such as that resulting from a synthesis process in which synthesis gas (SG) is converted into hydrocarbons in a synthesis installation (900), is guided to a catalyzer (411, 412) in order to catalytically combust the residual gas (RG). In the process, the residual gas (RG) is selectively supplied at least from a residual gas reservoir (443) of the electrolysis system (10) or from the synthesis installation (900) on the basis of the detected operating situation. The invention also relates to a computer program product, to a control device (20) for carrying out the method, and to a correspondingly equipped electrolysis system (10).
The present invention relates to an electrical system (100) and a method for determining impedance values of an electrochemical energy source (13) of an electrically driven means of transportation (10) by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrical system (100) comprises, inter alia, power electronics (11, 12) having: an EIS actuator portion for impressing measurement pulses of the EIS onto electrical power for the means of transportation (10) by means of the power electronics (11, 12) in accordance with the outputted commands of an EIS unit (15); a conversion portion for the power conversion of the power electronics (11, 12); and a superposing portion for superposing converted electrical power with the impressed measurement pulses of the EIS before output to an electrical connection to the electrochemical energy source (13).
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
The present invention relates to a method for determining the temperatures of a battery system at a plurality of determination points of the battery system, having the steps of: capturing a plurality of data sets, wherein each of the data sets comprises temperature data at a plurality of measurement points of the battery system and physical parameters of the battery system, wherein the physical parameters comprise a current of the battery system, a voltage of the battery system, a load connected to the battery system, and/or individual temperatures; training the statistical temperature model using the captured data sets by linking the temperature data at the multiple measurement points of the battery system with the physical parameters using machine learning algorithms; and determining the temperatures at the plurality of points of the battery system based on the physical parameters using the statistical temperature model.
G01R 31/367 - Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
15.
METHOD FOR DETECTING AN ELECTRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT IN A FUEL CELL STACK OF A FUEL CELL SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a method for detecting an electrical short circuit in a fuel cell stack (110) of a fuel cell system (120), the following steps being provided: - monitoring at least one gas pressure (GD) in the fuel cell system (100), - comparing the monitored gas pressure (GD) with at least one pressure threshold (DGW) to detect a pressure drop, - generating a short-circuit fault signal (KFS) if the monitored gas pressure (GD) falls below the at least one pressure threshold (DGW).
The present invention relates to a modular test system (100) for testing an electrolysis subsystem (200) which comprises at least one electrolysis component (20) with at least one electrolysis cell stack (20A), wherein the modular test system (100) has: a control module (10) for controlling a test mode of the electrolysis subsystem (200); a power supply emulator module (11) for emulating a dynamic power supply from a regenerative power generator; and a fluid supply emulator module (14) for emulating a dynamic fluid supply of a local water supply.
The invention relates to a method for monitoring an electrochemical cell system, the electrochemical cell system comprising at least one electrochemical unit (1) which has at least two electrochemical cells (2a - 2d), preferably battery cells, connected in series, wherein the potential of the electrochemical cells (2a - 2d) is tapped at least at a first measurement point (5a - 5e), at a second measurement point (5a - 5e) and at a third measurement point (5a - 5e) via leads (6a - 6e) and a first voltage (UV1 - UV4) between the first and second measurement points (5a - 5e) is measured and a second voltage (UV1 - UV4) between the second measurement point (5a - 5e) and the third measurement point (5a - 5e) is measured, characterized in that a first sum resistance and a second sum resistance are chosen to have different magnitude and the presence of an incorrect connection between components of the electrochemical cell system is evaluated on the basis of the measured voltages (UV1 - UV4).
The invention relates to a test stand system for testing a driver assistance system with an acoustic audible sound sensor for an automotive vehicle, wherein the driver assistance system includes a control unit for processing sensor signals, which is configured to process sensor signals from environment sensors and to control the automotive vehicle on the basis thereof, wherein at least one of the environment sensors is the audible sound sensor configured to detect audible sound, and wherein the test stand system comprises:
a test stand configured in such a way that the driver assistance system, in particular can be operated on the test stand;
a simulation device configured to simulate an environment of the automotive vehicle, wherein the simulated environment comprises an acoustic audible sound environment; and
a first interface for providing the simulated environment including the acoustic audible sound environment to the driver assistance system.
B60R 16/023 - Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided forArrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
B60W 50/04 - Monitoring the functioning of the control system
The invention relates to a control method for controlling a brief power increase of a fuel cell system (100) comprising at least one fuel cell stack (110), having the following steps: - operating a compressor device (136) in a cathode supply section (132) of the at least one fuel cell stack (110) at a reserve rotational speed (RD) in order to generate a reserve mass flow (RM) of cathode supply gas (KZG), said reserve mass flow (RM) being greater than a target mass flow (SM) of the cathode supply gas (KZG) by a differential mass flow (DM), said target mass flow being required for the current load request (LA), - guiding the differential mass flow (DM) between a cathode supply section (132) and a cathode discharge section (134) of the fuel cell system (100) via an at least partly open cathode bypass valve (142) in a cathode bypass section (140) in order to produce a cathode bypass mass flow (KBM) of cathode supply gas (KZG) bypassing the at least one fuel cell stack (100), - detecting a brief increased load request (LA) for the fuel cell system (100), - determining the increased target mass flow (SM) required for the detected increased load request (LA), and - at least partly closing the cathode bypass valve (142) in order to reduce the cathode bypass mass flow (KBM) so as to achieve the increased target mass flow (SM).
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
21.
CONTROL METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A BRIEF POWER REDUCTION OF A FUEL CELL SYSTEM
The invention relates to an control method for controlling a brief power reduction of a fuel cell system (100) comprising at least one fuel cell stack (110), having the following steps: - detecting a brief reduced load request (LA) for the fuel cell system (100), and - at least partly opening a cathode bypass valve (142) in a cathode bypass section (140) between a cathode supply section (132) and a cathode discharge section (134) of the fuel cell system (100) in order to produce a cathode bypass mass flow (KBM) of cathode supply gas (KZG) bypassing the at least one fuel cell stack (100).
Test benches are known on which vehicles have to be brought in on lifting platforms or independently and prepared for connection to the load apparatus.
Test benches are known on which vehicles have to be brought in on lifting platforms or independently and prepared for connection to the load apparatus.
In order to shorten the existing setting-up time and dismantling time on the test bench, the use of a vehicle support (10) for a chassis test bench (80) with two longitudinal supports (12, 14), a connecting apparatus via which the two longitudinal supports (12, 14) are connected to each other, supporting plates (56), of which first supporting plates (56) are arranged on the first longitudinal support (12) and second supporting plates (56) are arranged on the second longitudinal support (14), and adapter devices (62) which are arranged on the supporting plates (56) and serve to provide a connection between a wheel hub (64) of a vehicle (60) and a load apparatus (66) is suggested, wherein at least two wheels (78) are mounted on each longitudinal support (12, 14) by means of which the vehicle support (10) can be moved.
Test system (10) for simultaneous testing of several batteries, in particular high-voltage batteries, comprising: a DC voltage intermediate circuit (22), several basic converters (1a-1h) connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit (22), each of which is switchably connected to a test channel (4a-4h) via a connection line (24a-24h), a boost converter (2a, 2b) connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit (22) which, during operation of the test system (10), is switchable to different connection lines (24a-24h) to at least one of the test channels (4a-4h) via a boost line (26a, 26b) and one connection node (18a-18h), a control unit (27) for controlling the basic converters (1a-1h) and the boost converter (2a, 2b) according to a desired power transfer; wherein each connection line (24a-24h) comprises a safety-related switch (6a-6h) between test channel (4a-4h) and connection node (18a-18h).
The present invention relates to a control method for power generation of a fuel cell system (100) having a reformer device (20) for reforming a combustible (K) into a fuel (B) for at least one fuel cell (10). The adjustment method comprises, inter alia, the step of: controlling (S40) an output current (I) of an output power (P) to a specific adjustment value (EI) in order to adapt the output power (P) to the power requirement (L) by controlling the combustible mass flow (KM).
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
The present invention relates to a battery device (10), in particular for a vehicle, comprising a plurality of battery cells (20) arranged next to one another for storing electrical energy, wherein each battery cell (20) comprises a contact-making section (22) for electrical contact-making and the battery cells (20) are oriented by way of their contact-making sections (22) towards a common contact-making side (KS), wherein cell contact-making means (30) also make electrically conductive contact with the contact-making sections (22) on the contact-making side (KS), characterized in that the cell contact-making means (30) and the contact-making sections (22) of the battery cells (20) are encapsulated in an electrically insulating adhesive layer (40), wherein the adhesive layer (40) has at least one cooling surface (42) which is in areal, heat-transmitting contact with a counterpart cooling surface (52) of an active cooling device (50), wherein at least sections of the adhesive layer (40) are also connected to the cell contact-making means (30) in a force-transmitting manner.
H01M 10/653 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
C09J 9/00 - Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
B29C 39/10 - Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressureApparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
26.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN OUTPUT POWER OF A BATTERY DEVICE AND AN OPERATING POWER OF A FUEL CELL SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a controlling method for monitoring an output power (OP) of a battery device (110) and an operating poweroperating power (OPP) of a fuel cell system (120) for an electric drive device (130) of a hybrid drive system (100), characterised by the following steps:
measuring and storing the operating poweroperating power (OPP) of the fuel cell system (120) over a measurement period (MP),
measuring and storing the output power (OP) of the battery device (110) over a measurement period (MP),
determining a battery damage forecast (BDF) at least on the basis of the measured and stored output power (OP) of the battery device (110),
determining a fuel cell damage forecast (FCDF) at least on the basis of the measured and stored operating poweroperating power (OPP) of the fuel cell system (120);
specifying a target output power (TOP) for the battery device (110) on the basis of the determined battery damage forecast (BDF),
specifying a target operating power (TOPP) for the fuel cell system (120) on the basis of the determined fuel cell damage forecast (FCDF).
B60L 58/40 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
G01R 31/382 - Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 16/00 - Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
The present invention relates to an articulated lorry (10) comprising: a drive unit, which has a fuel cell (26), a fuel cell cooling system (12), which has a coolant circuit (30) for guiding a cooling medium, and a pump (32) for circulating the cooling medium, a fifth-wheel plate (14) with a fifth-wheel coupling for receiving a kingpin and with a coolant duct (19) integrated in the fifth-wheel plate (14), the coolant circuit (30) connecting the fuel cell (26) and the fifth-wheel plate (14) to each other via the coolant duct (19).
The present invention relates to a control method for controlling a brief, temporary power reduction of a fuel cell system (100), wherein the following steps are provided: - sensing a reduction requirement (RA) for the brief, temporary power reduction for the fuel cell system (100), - reducing the operating current (BI) of the fuel cell system (100) to a no-load current value (LI), - operating at least one operating component (B) of the fuel cell system (100) with an unreduced electrical component operating power (KBL).
The present invention relates to a universal method for identifying health indicators for an application-optimized state of health estimation in a system-specific battery application. According to the invention, the method includes steps of acquiring (S21, S22) criteria regarding resources or requirements from a user, and of outputting (S60) identified health indicators (HI) to the user. The method is preferably suitable for establishing a dedicated diagnosis of the state of health of the battery, which is as efficient and accurate as possible, as part of a product development process before an appropriate diagnostic technique is implemented on the system.
The invention relates to a method for improving the control of a vehicle fleet (1), in particular for individually optimising the operation of each vehicle (2) in the vehicle fleet (1). In the method, the vehicle parameters (FP) and the control parameters (SP), which are determined therefrom, of a number of vehicles (2) from the plurality of vehicles (2) in the vehicle fleet (1), preferably from all of the vehicles (2) in the vehicle fleet (1), are collected in order to determine a change over time in a vehicle parameter (FP) and/or control parameter (SP) depending on the ageing state of the number of vehicles (2), and the at least one model parameter (MP) of a model (M) of at least one vehicle (2) in the vehicle fleet (1), preferably at least one vehicle (2) of the number of vehicles (2) from the plurality of vehicles (2) in the vehicle fleet (1) from which the vehicle parameters (FP) and the control parameters (SP) determined therefrom are collected, is changed depending on the change over time in the vehicle parameter (FP) and/or control parameter (SP) in order to ensure compliance with a predetermined target specification of an operating characteristic (BK) of the at least one vehicle (2) in the vehicle fleet (1) despite ageing of the at least one vehicle (2).
The present invention relates to an electrolysis device (10) for producing a fuel (B) in electrolysis cells of at least one electrolysis stack (100), having an air supply portion (122) for supplying feed air (ZL) to an air side (120) of the electrolysis stack (100) and an air discharge portion (124) for discharging exhaust air (AL) from the air side (120) of the electrolysis stack (100), further having a water supply portion (132) for supplying water (W) to a fuel side (130) of the electrolysis stack (100) and a fuel discharge portion (134) for discharging fuel (B) from the fuel side (130) of the electrolysis stack (100), wherein at least one heating device (20) is arranged in the water supply portion (132) in order to heat a heating gas (AG) conducted therein during a heating process, and furthermore, a heating supply portion (140) is fluidically connected to the water supply portion (132) upstream of the heating device (20) in order to supply the heating gas (AG) to the electrolysis stack (100) via the water supply portion (132).
The invention relates to a method for putting a motor vehicle (1) having an electrical power supply system (7) into a safe state in the event of an impact, wherein an impact identification routine is carried out and, if an impact is identified, the electrical power supply system (7) of the motor vehicle is switched off. Here, the following steps are carried out: - providing a driver assistance system (2) having a surroundings sensor system (3) for monitoring at least parts of the surroundings of the motor vehicle, - providing a driving dynamics control system (4) having at least one acceleration sensor (5), - monitoring at least parts of the surroundings of the motor vehicle (1) for objects (6) using the surroundings sensor system (3) of the driver assistance system (2), - if an object (6) is detected by means of the surroundings sensor system (3), checking whether there is a risk of collision with the object (6), - activating a defined collision warning time window (Δt) if a risk of collision has been established, - interrogating the acceleration sensor (5) within the collision warning time window (Δt), - detecting an impact if the acceleration sensor (5) of the driving dynamics system (4) outputs an exceedance of the defined threshold value.
B60R 21/0134 - Electrical circuits for triggering safety arrangements in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle
B60L 3/00 - Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposesMonitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
B60W 30/08 - Predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision
34.
DIAGNOSTIC METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING DAMAGE TO AT LEAST ONE FUEL CELL MEMBRANE OF A FUEL CELL STACK
The present invention relates to a diagnostic method for identifying damage to at least one fuel cell membrane (116) of a fuel cell stack (110) of a fuel cell system (100), characterised by the following steps: determining a reference by way of measurements and/or by way of theoretical calculations; operating the fuel cell stack (110) with a working current, wherein the working current is applied at the fuel cell stack (110) and/or is tapped at the fuel cell stack (110), overlaying the working current at the fuel cell stack (110) with a measurement current; determining a fuel cell system response at the fuel cell stack (110) as a result of the overlaid measurement current; and comparing the fuel cell system response with the reference in order to identify damage to the at least one fuel cell membrane (116) of the fuel cell stack (110), characterised in that the diagnostic method has a prior step in which a parameter of the fuel cell system (100) is monitored and the step of overlaying with measurement current, and the steps subsequent thereto, are only carried out if a predetermined condition is met, wherein the diagnostic method is carried out with a determined frequency of the measurement current when a determined damage type appears likely, wherein the determined damage type appears likely when a prediagnosis indicates the determined damage type.
The present invention relates to a method (10) for classifying battery cells (1100) of a battery pack (1001) with regard to their cell health. In the method (10), a cell voltage (V_Zell) and a corresponding electrical current (I_Zell) are recorded for each of the battery cells (1100) to be classified. These are used to determine the internal electrical resistance (iR) of the respective battery cell (1100). Subsequently, each of the battery cells (1100) is classified as healthy on the basis of the determined internal resistance (iR) if a deviation ΔiR of the respective internal resistance (iR) from an internal resistance reference value (iRW) is within a normal range. The internal resistance reference value (iRW) is intended to be variable over time. The classification of the battery cells (1100) is output as a classification result (KE). The invention also relates to a computer program product, a device (100) and a battery system (1000), which each implement said method (10).
A battery cell test unit includes two pressure plates, a battery cell which is clamped between the two pressure plates, a test unit housing, an electrical connection device which electrically contacts the battery cell in the test unit housing, and conditioning plates which are arranged in the test unit housing and to abut in a planar contact from opposite sides against two outward-facing surfaces of the two pressure plates during a test. The battery cell and the two pressure plates together form a test device.
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
G01R 1/04 - HousingsSupporting membersArrangements of terminals
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 10/617 - Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
H01M 10/6556 - Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
H01M 50/569 - Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
37.
METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING A FLUID FLOW IN A FUEL CELL BY ADAPTING AT LEAST ONE GEOMETRIC PARAMETER OF FLUID-GUIDING ELEMENTS
The invention relates to a method for a computer-implemented optimization of a fluid flow through an inlet section (110), a reaction section (120), and an outlet section (130) of an element of a fuel cell system by adapting at least one geometric parameter of fluid-guiding elements, wherein the following steps are carried out: - carrying out a flow simulation on a simulation model (SM) of the fuel cell (100), - generating a flow map (SK) of the fuel cell (100) on the basis of the results of the flow simulation, - automatically identifying at least one sub-flow (TS) of the fluid flow in the flow map (SK), said sub-flow correlating to at least one fluid-guiding element (140) of the fuel cell (100), on the basis of the results of the flow simulation, - detecting a selection of at least one sub-flow (TS) to be optimized and of the at least one correlating fluid-guiding element (140), - detecting a change in at least one geometric parameter (GP) of the at least one selected fluid-guiding element (140), - repeating the steps of carrying out the flow simulation, generating the flow map (SK), and identifying the at least one sub-flow (TS) as an optimization loop, - generating a comparison result (VE) of the repeated flow simulation with the previous flow simulation, and - outputting the at least one geometric parameter (GP) as an optimized geometric parameter (GP) on the basis of the comparison result (VE) after all of the flow simulations have been completed.
G06Q 10/04 - Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
G06F 30/28 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
H01M 8/04276 - Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange
AZAZRZRZ); and - comparing the difference (Dif) with a reference value (R) in order to detect a blockage or a leakage in the anode recirculation portion (112).
G06F 30/15 - Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
G06F 30/27 - Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
40.
PRE-AGING METHOD FOR PRE-AGING A BATTERY, AND TEST METHOD FOR TESTING BATTERY SETS
The present invention relates to a pre-aging method (10) and to a pre-aging system (20) for pre-aging a battery (2) to a predetermined aging condition, a test method (30) and a test system (40) for testing sets of batteries according to a predetermined test plan, and a computer program product.
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
The invention relates to a method (100) for preventing vibration excitations produced by a recirculation device (400) of a fuel cell system (200). The target speed (SG) for the operational speed of the recirculation device (400) is determined, and the actual operational speed (IG) of the recirculation device (400) is detected. The determined target speed (SG) is compared with at least one operational-speed speed corridor (GK) in which a vibration excitation of the fuel cell system (200) due to the recirculation device (400) is to be expected. A corrected target speed (kSG) is then determined as an operational speed outside of the at least one speed corridor (GK) on the basis of the actual operational speed (IG) and the determined target speed (SG). The corrected target speed (kSG) is output as the target speed (SG). The invention additionally relates to a computer program product for the computer-supported execution of the aforementioned method (100) and to an inspection device (300) and a recirculation device (400), each of which comprises a respective configuration corresponding to the execution of the method (100). The invention additionally relates to a fuel cell system (200) comprising the aforementioned inspection device (300) and/or the aforementioned recirculation device (400).
The present invention relates to a testing system (10) for carrying out a test operation and for detecting an operating behaviour of at least one electrical domain of a vehicle with a body, having: a voltage source, which has in particular a DC link (14) connected to a power grid (12), a first emulator module (20a) for emulating an electrical component of a first electrical domain, wherein the first electrical component is an actuator and/or a sensor, and a second emulator module (20b) for emulating a second electrical component, which is associated with the first electrical domain or a second electrical domain, wherein the second electrical component is an actuator and/or a sensor and wherein the emulator modules (20a-g) are connected to the voltage source and in each case comprise a transformer with model-based control for emulating the electrical component. The invention is characterised by: a conductive vehicle body substitution device (24), which is set up to accommodate a test specimen (22) connectable to the emulator modules, wherein the electrical and/or magnetic conductivity of the vehicle body substitution device (24) simulates the electrical and/or magnetic conductivity of the body of the vehicle.
G01R 31/00 - Arrangements for testing electric propertiesArrangements for locating electric faultsArrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
G01R 31/28 - Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
43.
DIAGNOSIS METHOD FOR DETECTING DISTURBANCES IN A FUEL CELL STACK
The present invention relates to a diagnosis method for detecting disturbances in the operation of a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell system, comprising the following steps: - determining multiple regeneration times, a regeneration time being determined for a respective regeneration cycle of the fuel cell stack, and the regeneration times being at successive times, - determining a respective regeneration time interval between successive regeneration times, - comparing the regeneration time intervals with a reference and/or comparing a function of the regeneration time intervals with a reference function in order to detect disturbances in the operation of the fuel cell stack, and - outputting a disturbance signal on the basis of the comparison result. The reference in this case is produced by previously determined regeneration time intervals, and the disturbance signal is output if, compared to the reference, a regeneration time interval has a difference that is above a limit value.
In order to provide a method for checking the conformity of a communication device (A) to a communication protocol (KP), said method being more efficient than the known prior art, a device model (GM) of a specified model class for describing the communication device (A) is determined from a specified sequence of excitation signals (AS) for exciting the communication device (A) and from a captured sequence of response signals (RS) of the communication device (A), a specification model (SM) of the same model class for describing the communication protocol (KP) is determined from a specification of the communication protocol (KP), and a degree of conformity (KG) for describing the conformity of the communication device (A) to the communication protocol (KP) is ascertained by comparing the specification model (SM) with the device model (GM).
G06F 21/57 - Certifying or maintaining trusted computer platforms, e.g. secure boots or power-downs, version controls, system software checks, secure updates or assessing vulnerabilities
The invention relates to a liquid-cooled cylinder head (1) for an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder (2), wherein the cylinder head (1) is cooled according to a top-down cooling concept, comprising a cooling chamber (3) with a top first sub-cooling chamber (4) and a bottom second sub-cooling chamber (5), and at least one coolant release (16) for each cylinder (2) between the first sub-cooling chamber (4) and the second sub-cooling chamber (5) in the region of a centrally arranged receiving sleeve (6) for a spark plug (8) opening into a combustion chamber (7) and having a spark plug longitudinal axis (8a), the spark plug opening (9) of which is arranged in a combustion chamber cover area (10) delimiting the combustion chamber (7). In order to enable efficient combustion and optimised heat dissipation, according to the invention the combustion chamber cover (10) is roof-shaped or dome-shaped and the spark plug longitudinal axis (8a), together with a cylinder axis (2a) or a parallel to the cylinder axis (2a) and/or an engine vertical plane (ε) which extends through the cylinder axes (2a) of two adjacent cylinders (2), spans a first angle (α) > 0.
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
47.
ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM, ELECTROLYSIS PLANT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNTHESIS GAS
The present invention relates to an electrolysis system (10), comprising: - an electrolysis cell stack (100) with a cathode portion (110) which has a cathode supply portion (112) and a cathode discharge portion (114), and with an anode portion (120) which has an anode supply portion (122) and an anode discharge portion (124), - an anode gas port (202) fluidically coupled to the anode supply portion (112) by means of an anode supply connection (200) for supplying anode gas to the anode portion (120), - an anode discharge port (308) fluidically coupled to the anode discharge portion (124) by means of an anode discharge connection (300) for discharging anode exhaust gases produced by the electrolysis cell stack (100), - a cathode supply port (502) fluidically coupled to the cathode supply portion (112) by means of a cathode supply connection (500) for supplying cathode gas to the cathode portion (110), and - a cathode discharge port (612) fluidically coupled to the cathode discharge portion (114) by means of a cathode discharge connection (600) for discharging synthesis gas produced by the electrolysis cell stack (100).
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
The present invention relates to an electrolysis system (10), comprising: - an electrolysis cell stack (100) with a cathode portion (110) which has a cathode supply portion (112) and a cathode discharge portion (114), and with an anode portion (120) which has an anode supply portion (122) and an anode discharge portion (124), - an anode gas port (202) fluidically coupled to the anode supply portion (112) by means of an anode supply connection (200) for supplying anode gas to the anode portion (120), - an anode discharge port (316) fluidically coupled to the anode discharge portion (124) by means of an anode discharge connection (300) for discharging anode exhaust gases produced by the electrolysis cell stack (100), - a cathode supply port (502) fluidically coupled to the cathode supply portion (112) by means of a cathode supply connection (500n) for supplying cathode gas to the cathode portion (110), and - a cathode discharge port (612) fluidically coupled to the cathode discharge portion (114) by means of a cathode discharge connection (600) for discharging synthesis gas produced by the electrolysis cell stack (100).
The invention relates to a computer-implemented method for generating test scenarios for a security check of a functional system of a mobility application, in particular from the automotive and/or aeronautics sector. A system model of the functional system is created and an attack graph is determined on the basis of a security and threat analysis. The attack graph has nodes representing attack targets connected by edges representing attack actions, wherein the nodes are assigned corresponding abstract test modules relating to which placeholder variables are provided for system-specific information. Test modules are arranged in the particular attack path according to a sequence of the edges and are joined to form a test scenario, from which a test case can then be derived for checking the security of a functional system.
G06F 21/57 - Certifying or maintaining trusted computer platforms, e.g. secure boots or power-downs, version controls, system software checks, secure updates or assessing vulnerabilities
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Measuring and diagnostic equipment, not for medical
purposes, for evaluating and analyzing the driving behavior
of motor vehicles, as well as for the thermodynamic
evaluation of internal combustion engines; test benches,
testing machines, testing systems and scientific apparatus
and testing instruments for testing vehicles, driver
assistance systems, vehicle components and drive train
components, in particular combustion engines, electric
machines, power electronics, batteries, fuel cells,
electrically driven axles and transmissions; partially and
fully automatic engine test benches; monitoring devices and
instruments for the operating condition of drive train
components. Carrying out technical analyses and investigations into the
influence of engine and exhaust aftertreatment components,
data statuses of electronic control units (xCU), the
influence of ambient conditions and various fuels and
lubricating oils on the resulting particulate and general
gaseous emissions, the influence of fuels and lubricating
oils on exhaust emissions and on the abrasive and corrosive
wear of engine components and the resulting particulate
emissions, the overall behaviour, noise development and
sound insulation; comparative evaluation of vehicles or
vehicle components, in particular drive train components or
vehicle characteristics, in particular drive train
characteristics; carrying out technical analyses and
investigations of driver assistance systems; carrying out
technical analyses and investigations of electrified drives
or drive train components, in particular combustion engines,
electric machines, power electronics, batteries, fuel cells,
electrically driven axles and transmissions.
51.
SENSOR FOR MEASURING THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF A FLUID STREAM
A sensor (100) for measuring the moisture content of a fluid stream (10) is described. The sensor (100) comprises a tube section (20) with a tube-section cavity (22) for conducting the fluid stream (10) and with a tube casing (24), which encloses the tube-section cavity (22), wherein the tube casing (24) has an outer tube-casing wall (26) and an inner tube-casing wall (28), and wherein the tube casing (24) is made of a light-transmissive material (40), also comprises at least one light source (50) for emitting light (52) into the light-transmissive material (40) for reflection at least at the inner tube-casing wall (28), and further comprises at least one light sensor (60) for detecting the light (52) emitted by the at least one light source (50) and reflected at least at the inner tube-casing wall (28).
G01N 21/3554 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for determining moisture content
The invention relates to a cell stack system (100) for a fuel cell system, having a plurality of cell stacks (110, 112), each cell stack (110, 112) having an anode section (120) and a cathode section (130), wherein the plurality of cell stacks (110, 112) have at least one edge cell stack (112), and the at least one edge cell stack (112) is arranged relative to the plurality of cell stacks (110, 112) such that no cell stack (100, 112) of the plurality of cell stacks (110, 112) is arranged on one side of the edge cell stack (112), a tube system (50) for supplying anode supply gas (AZG) and cathode supply gas (KZG) to the cell stacks (110, 112) and for discharging anode exhaust gas (AAG) and cathode exhaust gas (KAG) from the cell stacks (110, 112), a distributor system (10) per cell stack (110, 112), each distributor system (10) connecting the anode section (120) and the cathode section (130) of the corresponding cell stack (110, 112) to the tube system (50) for a fluidic communication, and a thermal insulation device (70) for thermally insulating the at least one edge cell stack (112) so as to prevent heat losses.
The invention relates to a cell stack system (100) for a fuel cell system, having a plurality of cell stacks (110), each cell stack (110) having an anode section (120) and a cathode section (130), a tube system (50) for supplying anode supply gas (AZG) and cathode supply gas (KZG) to the cell stacks (110) and for discharging anode exhaust gas (AAG) and cathode exhaust gas (KAG) from the cell stacks (110), a distributor system (10) per cell stack (110), each distributor system (10) connecting the anode section (120) and the cathode section (130) of the corresponding cell stack (110) to the tube system (50) for a fluidic communication, and a holding device (70) for holding the cell stack (110), wherein the cell stacks (110) can be moved relative to the holding device (70), and the holding device (70) is mechanically separate from the tube system (50) or from the distributor systems (10).
The present invention relates to a cell-stack system (100) for a fuel-cell system (102), comprising a number of cell stacks (110), which are arranged in at least one cell-stack unit (20), wherein each cell stack (110) has an anode portion and a cathode portion, comprising a pipe system (50), which runs in a longitudinal direction (52) and is intended for conducting anode feed gas (AZG) and cathode feed gas (KZG) to the cell stacks (110) and for conducting anode off gas (AAG) and cathode off gas (KAG) away from the cell stacks (110), and comprising a manifold system (10) for each cell stack (110), wherein each manifold system (10) connects the anode portion and the cathode portion of the corresponding cell stack (110) to the pipe system (50) for fluid communication, and wherein each manifold system (10) has an anode feed portion (122) for feeding the anode feed gas (AZT) from an anode feed pipe (62) of the pipe system (50), an anode discharge portion (124) for discharging the anode off gas (AAG) to an anode discharge pipe (66) of the pipe system (50), a cathode feed portion (132) for feeding the cathode feed gas (KZG) from a cathode feed pipe (64) of the pipe system (50), and a cathode discharge portion (134) for discharging the cathode off gas (KAG) to a cathode discharge pipe (68) of the pipe system (50).
H01M 8/247 - Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
H01M 8/2484 - Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
55.
METHOD FOR GENERATING CORRECTED MEASUREMENT VALUES DURING THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION AND MASS FLOW OF AN EXHAUST GAS COMPONENT IN AN EXHAUST GAS FLOW
The invention relates to a method for generating corrected measurement values during the process of determining the concentration of an emission component in an exhaust gas flow, said method being usable online for an OBD and/or OBM process, even when sensors present in certain regions supply measurement values with a high degree of inaccuracy. According to the invention, the concentration (I) of the emission component X in the exhaust gas flow is first measured via a sensor (14), and simultaneously the concentration (II) of the emission component X is determined via an exhaust gas model (24) which is stored in a computing unit (20) and via which expected concentrations of the emission component X in the exhaust gas flow are read or calculated on the basis of environmental data using physical models or map-based algorithms. An estimated concentration (III) of the emission component X is then derived from the concentration measurement of the sensor (14) and the concentration determination via the exhaust gas model (24) by means of a Kalman filter using the equation (IV), wherein K1 forms a weighting factor of the Kalman filter. FIG 1: (I)%%%c_X_sens (II)%%%c_X_mod (III)%%%c_X_corr (IV)%%%c_X_corr = c_X_mod + K1 · (c_X_sens - c_X_mod)
Fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising at least one fuel cell stack (2) with an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4), an air supply section (5), a fuel supply section (6) with a reformer, in particular a reformer heat exchanger (7) and an exhaust section (8) with an oxidation catalyst (9), characterised in that a CPOX reformer (10) is provided for the production of shielding gas by catalytic partial oxidation.
Fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising at least one fuel cell stack (2) with an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4), an air supply section (5), a fuel supply section (6) with a reformer, in particular a reformer heat exchanger (7) and an exhaust section (8) with an oxidation catalyst (9), characterised in that a CPOX reformer (10) is provided for the production of shielding gas by catalytic partial oxidation.
The invention further relates to the use of such a fuel cell system (1).
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
57.
MIXING DEVICE FOR MIXING AT LEAST ANODE EXHAUST GAS AND CATHODE EXHAUST GAS FROM A FUEL CELL STACK OF A FUEL CELL SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a mixing device (10) for mixing at least anode exhaust gas (AEG) with cathode exhaust gas (CEG) from a fuel cell stack (110) of a fuel cell system (100), having a cathode exhaust gas line (30) with a cathode exhaust gas connection (32) for fluid-communicating connection with a cathode exhaust gas section (134) of a cathode section (130) of the fuel cell stack (110) and an anode exhaust gas line (20) with an anode exhaust gas connection (22) for fluid-communicating connection with an anode exhaust gas section (124) of an anode section (120) of the fuel cell stack (110), characterised in that the anode exhaust gas line (20) is arranged within the cathode exhaust gas line (30) and has a closed anode exhaust gas line end (24) and at least two anode exhaust gas outlets (21) into the cathode exhaust gas line (30) with outlet directions (OD) radial to the anode exhaust gas line axis (AEL) and to the cathode exhaust gas line axis (CEL), wherein, further downstream of the anode exhaust gas line end (24), the cathode exhaust gas line (30) transitions into a mixed exhaust gas line (40) with a mixed exhaust gas connection (42) for fluid-communicating connection with a burner inlet (152) of an afterburner (150) of a fuel cell system (100).
B01F 25/313 - Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
The invention relates to a method for operating a gas-powered internal combustion engine, wherein during a switched on operating state of the internal combustion engine, an oxygen-containing gas, preferably air, is introduced during an inflow phase into at least one cylinder for combustion and wherein fuel is fed to at least one injector, is injected by the injector into the cylinder in the course of a primary injection and is ignited there in the course of a primary ignition, characterised in that the supply of fuel to the injector is ended during a switch-off process of the internal combustion engine, and in that fuel remaining in the region of the injector is injected into at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine after the primary ignition and before the start of the subsequent inflow phase in the course of a secondary injection and is ignited in the course of a secondary ignition.
F02D 19/02 - Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
F02D 41/00 - Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
59.
MONITORING METHOD FOR A TEST OBJECT WITH A MULTIPHASE ALTERNATING CURRENT ON A TEST STAND
The present invention relates to a monitoring method and a corresponding monitoring device (110) for monitoring a multiphase alternating current for a test object (300) while operating on a test stand (200), characterised by the following steps: detecting (S10) individual phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) of a multiphase alternating current to the test object (300); determining (S11) harmonic frequency components of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) based on a fast Fourier transformation of the detected phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3); ascertaining (S21) a form index of a waveform of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) from a ratio of the determined harmonic frequency components of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) to an amplitude of a basic frequency; ascertaining (S22, S23) at least one symmetry index of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) from a ratio of the phase currents (Ip1, Ip2, Ip3) to one another; and outputting (S30) a monitoring signal based on the ascertained form index and/or the at least one symmetry index, for intervention in the operation of the test object (300).
H02H 7/08 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
H02P 29/02 - Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
The invention relates to a drive train for a vehicle (15), wherein the drive train has at least one motor (9), such as an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, the motor (9) being rotationally connected to a first shaft (1) in order to transmit the driving torque, wherein the drive train has a second shaft (2) which is arranged coaxially with respect to the first shaft (1), wherein the drive train has a sliding sleeve (4) which can couple the first shaft (1) and the second shaft (2) and decouple same from each other, wherein the drive train has at least one locking pawl (6) and has a corresponding parking lock wheel (5), characterized in that the locking pawl (6) is pivotable about a pivot axis (S) between the locking position and the release position, and in that the pivot axis (S) is normal to the axis of rotation (A) of the first shaft (1) and second shaft (2).
B60K 1/00 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
F16D 11/00 - Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
F16H 61/28 - Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
61.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING A CHARGING CURRENT LIMIT FOR A CHARGING PROCESS OF A RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
The invention relates to a method (100), a computer program product, a control system (10) and a battery charging system (90) for determining a charging current limit for a charging process of a rechargeable battery device (1000). In this case, measurement parameters (MP) are recorded at the battery device (1000). Furthermore, battery parameters (BP) are determined by means of a process physics-based battery model on the basis of the recorded measurement parameters (MP). Furthermore, prediction parameters (VP) for the onset of metal plating at an electrode (1001, 1002) of the battery device (1000) are determined with the aid of a prediction model, in particular a data-driven prediction model, wherein at least one forecast onset time of metal plating is determined as prediction parameter(s) (VP) on the basis of at least the battery parameters (BP) as input parameters of the prediction model. Control parameters (KP) for controlling the charging process are determined with the aid of a control model, which is likewise in particular a data-driven control model, wherein on the basis of the measurement parameters (MP), the battery parameters (BP) and the prediction parameters (VP), the charging current limit is determined as the at least one control parameter (KP) and the determined charging current limit for specifying the charging current is output to a battery charging system (90).
The present invention relates to a multichannel test system (100) and to a method for supplying test load devices (61, 62) with electrical power from a supply grid, comprising at least a first test channel (10) and a second test channel (20) which are galvanically separated. At least one switching device (40) is provided for galvanically coupling intermediate circuits (13, 23) of the test channels (10, 20) in a switchable manner to form a common intermediate circuit. For this purpose, in addition to phase-controlled, variably adjustable rectification, uncontrolled, invariable rectification is also provided in a passive operating mode by an active power stage (12, 22) in power converter circuits (16, 26, 36) of the test channels (10, 20, 30).
There are known test systems for testing fuel cells (46) or fuel cell stacks comprising a fuel cell (46) or a fuel cell stack and a test unit (10) having an anode gas supply unit (12), a cathode gas supply unit (14), a conditioning unit (16), and a control unit (94) and an evaluation unit (96), by means of which the measurements on the fuel cell (46) or the fuel cell stack can be taken. In order to lower the hydrogen consumption of such a test system, it is proposed that the fuel cell (46) or the fuel cell stack be connected on the anode gas side to an anode gas recirculation system (84), by means of which anode gas flowing out of an anode gas outlet (52) of the fuel cell (46) or of the fuel cell stack is recyclable to an anode gas inlet (50) of the fuel cell (46) or of the fuel cell stack.
The invention relates to a connecting device for connecting a fuel cell stack (18) to a testing unit (10). The connecting device has an interface unit (22) connected to the testing unit (10) and comprising a main part (30), which has at least one through-opening (32), and at least one connecting part (36), which is secured to the main part (30) and has a connecting plate (38) provided with at least one fluid medium opening (40). The connecting device additionally has a movable support (26), to which the fuel cell stack (18) is secured and which is provided with a connecting surface (54) having a plurality of fluid medium inlets (58) and fluid medium outlets (60) that are fluidically connected to the fuel cell stack (18), and the connecting surface (54) of the support (26) can be moved against the at least one connecting plate (38) of the interface unit (22), or the connecting plate (38) of the interface unit (22) can be moved against the connecting surface (54) of the support (26). The at least one fluid medium opening (40) in the at least one connecting plate (38) corresponds to one of the fluid medium inlets (58) and/or fluid medium outlets (60) in the connecting surface (54) of the support (26) such that when the connecting surface (54) of the support (26) rests against the connecting plate (38), a fluidic connection is produced between the fluid medium inlet (58) and/or fluid medium outlet (60) in the connecting surface (54) and the at least one fluid medium channel (42) in the connecting part (36), said connecting plate (38) being at least indirectly resiliently secured to the main part (30).
The invention relates to a shunt for measuring an electric current. The shunt has a conductor (1) with at least one input contact (3a) and at least one output contact (3b), wherein the conductor (1) has at least one measuring section (6), and at least one cooling device (5) is arranged on the conductor (1) in order to cool the conductor (1). The invention is characterized in that the conductor (1) extends along a longitudinal axis (A) along which a current substantially flows, the conductor (1) has two longitudinal segments (2a, 2b) which likewise extend along the longitudinal axis (A) and which are arranged at the same height along the longitudinal axis (A), each of the longitudinal segments (2a, 2b) has a contact point for introducing or discharging the current to be measured at a first end (4a) along the longitudinal axis (A), and the longitudinal segments (2a, 2b) are electrically connected together at a second end (4b) along the longitudinal axis (A).
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
The invention relates to a shunt for measuring an electric current. The shunt has an input region (1) with at least one input contact (4), and the shunt has an output region (3) with at least one output contact (5), wherein the shunt has at least one measuring section (2) which is arranged between the input region (1) and the output region (3). The invention is characterized in that the input region (1), the measuring section (2), and the output region (3) have the same material, and the measuring section (2) has a lower density than the input region (1) and the output region (3).
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
The invention relates to a shunt (1) for measuring an electric current. The shunt (1) has an input region (2) with at least one input contact (2a), and the shunt (1) has an output region (4) with at least one output contact (4a), wherein the shunt has at least one measuring section (3) which is electrically connected between the input region (2) and the output region (4), and the measuring section (3) has an outer surface. The invention is characterized in that at least one electrically conductive reference conductor (5) is arranged on the outer surface, said reference conductor being electrically insulated from the measuring section (3), and the reference conductor (5) covers at least an eighth of the outer surface.
G01R 1/20 - Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instrumentsStructural combinations of such elements with such instruments
68.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING AND MAINTAINING A LATERAL DISTANCE OF A FIRST VEHICLE TO A SECOND VEHICLE DURING AN OVERTAKING MANOEUVRE
The invention relates to a method and a device for determining and maintaining a lateral distance S(t) of a first vehicle (10) to a second vehicle (12) during an overtaking manoeuvre with a distance measuring unit (14) directed in a direction of travel of the first vehicle (10), a camera (16) directed in the direction of travel of the first vehicle (10), an image processing unit (18) and a computing unit (15), in which method by way of the distance measuring unit (14) an actual distance E(t) of the first vehicle (10) to the second vehicle (12) is continuously or cyclically measured, and by way of the camera (16) an image of the second vehicle (12) is continuously recorded, and in the image processing unit (18) a current actual offset between a lateral face (Z) of the second vehicle (12) closest to the middle of the road and the camera axis (X) is determined cyclically from the image data and from the determined actual distance E(t), and in the computing unit (15) an actual lateral distance S(t) is calculated from this actual offset. Furthermore, the distances determined by way of the camera (16) and the distance measuring unit (14) can be verified in order to improve the accuracy of the calculated lateral distance S(t).
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising at least one fuel cell stack (2) with an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4), an air supply section (5), a fuel supply section (6) and a recirculation section (7), wherein a heat exchanger network with at least one first heat exchanger (8) and a second heat exchanger (9) is provided, wherein the second heat exchanger (9) is arranged downstream of the first heat exchanger (8), wherein a cold side of the first heat exchanger (8) is arranged in the fuel supply section (6) and a cold side of the second heat exchanger (9) is arranged in the air supply section (7).
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising at least one fuel cell stack (2) with an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4), an air supply section (5), a fuel supply section (6) and a recirculation section (7), wherein a heat exchanger network with at least one first heat exchanger (8) and a second heat exchanger (9) is provided, wherein the second heat exchanger (9) is arranged downstream of the first heat exchanger (8), wherein a cold side of the first heat exchanger (8) is arranged in the fuel supply section (6) and a cold side of the second heat exchanger (9) is arranged in the air supply section (7).
The invention further relates to the use of such a fuel cell system (1).
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
The present invention relates to a cell casing assembly (100) for encasing at least one battery cell (10), comprising a cell frame (20) for enclosing at least one battery cell (10) and a cell casing (30) for sealing the at least one battery cell (10) in the cell casing assembly (100) so as to form a gas barrier. According to the invention, the cell casing assembly (100) has at least one closed pressure relief opening which is formed in the cell frame (20), wherein a circumference of the pressure relief opening defines a predetermined breaking point (33) in a portion of the cell casing (30) and/or the cell frame (20) closing the at least one pressure relief opening, for opening the gas-barrier-forming cell casing assembly (100) so as to provide pressure relief.
The invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust gas of a motor vehicle internal combustion engine (1) using an exhaust gas purification system (2) comprising two SCR systems (10, 11) which are connected behind one another and are each associated with a metering means (12, 13) for metering an ammonia-containing reducing agent into the exhaust gas. By reducing agent being metered in using the second metering means (13), a quantity of ammonia stored in an SCR catalytic converter (8) of the second SCR system (11) is set at least approximately to a predefinable setpoint value, and a reducing agent metering rate for the second metering means (13) is determined according to the predetermined setpoint value. According to the invention, in order to determine the reducing agent metering rate for the second metering means (13), the quantity of ammonia stored in the SCR catalytic converter (8) of the second SCR system (11) and spent by conversion with a quantity of nitrous oxide introduced into the SCR catalytic converter (8) is taken into consideration. A control means (14) is provided for the exhaust gas purification system (2), which control means is designed to control an implementation of the exhaust gas purification method according to the invention.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operationControl specially adapted for catalytic conversion
F01N 13/00 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Measuring and diagnostic equipment, not for medical purposes, for evaluating and analyzing the driving behavior of motor vehicles, as well as for the thermodynamic evaluation of internal combustion engines; test benches, testing machines, testing systems and scientific apparatus and testing instruments for testing vehicles, driver assistance systems, vehicle components and drive train components, in particular combustion engines, electric machines, power electronics, batteries, fuel cells, electrically driven axles and transmissions; partially and fully automatic engine test benches; monitoring devices and instruments for the operating condition of drive train components Carrying out technical analyses and investigations into the influence of engine and exhaust aftertreatment components, data statuses of electronic control units (xCU), the influence of ambient conditions and various fuels and lubricating oils on the resulting particulate and general gaseous emissions, the influence of fuels and lubricating oils on exhaust emissions and on the abrasive and corrosive wear of engine components and the resulting particulate emissions, the overall behaviour, noise development and sound insulation; comparative evaluation of vehicles or vehicle components, in particular drive train components or vehicle characteristics, in particular drive train characteristics; carrying out technical analyses and investigations of driver assistance systems; carrying out technical analyses and investigations of electrified drives or drive train components, in particular combustion engines, electric machines, power electronics, batteries, fuel cells, electrically driven axles and transmissions
73.
GAS CONDUIT DEVICE FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS
The present invention relates to a gas conduit device (10) which serves to conduct a high-temperature gas between high-temperature fuel cell stacks (SOFC stacks). According to the invention, the gas conduit device (10) has a conduit body (11), which is made of a ceramic material and serves to electrically isolate electrical potentials at axial ends of the conduit body (11).
The invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (1) having an exhaust gas purification system (2) connected thereto, which comprises a first SCR catalyst (4) and a second, downstream, SCR catalyst (8) and a particle filter (7) arranged between the first SCR catalyst (4) and the second SCR catalyst (8). In this method, a reducing agent containing urea is dosed into the exhaust gas using a first dosing device (10) arranged on the inlet side of the first SCR catalytic converter (4) and/or using a second dosing device (12) arranged on the inlet side of the second SCR catalytic converter (8), and nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas are at least largely removed from the exhaust gas in the first and/or second SCR catalytic converter (4, 8) by selective reduction using ammonia released from the dosed urea. According to the invention, the overall reducing agent dosing rate is distributed over a first dosing rate dosed by the first dosing device (10) and a second dosing rate dosed by the second dosing device (12) as a function of particle formation brought about by reaction of urea dosed at the second dosing rate. The invention further relates to an exhaust gas purification system with a control device (13) which is configured to control performance of a corresponding exhaust gas purification method.
The invention relates to a computer-implemented method for generating a virtual prototype of a vehicle on the basis of data from road measurements, comprising the following work steps: S1) providing a tyre database which comprises a plurality of tyre datasets with Pacejka parameters; S2) providing a vehicle model, with a tyre model which can be adapted via a tyre dataset; S3) providing a tyre dataset for the tyre model; S4) carrying out a measurement journey with a load event during which a measured value of a traction parameter of at least one of the tyres is determined; S5) simulating the load event using the vehicle model, wherein at least one simulated value of the traction parameter is output by the tyre; S6) comparing the measured value of the traction parameter with the simulated value of the traction parameter; S7) adapting the tyre dataset, in order to adjust the simulated value of the traction parameter to the measured value of the traction parameter by changing the Pacejka parameters; wherein the work steps S5 to S7 are repeated until a termination condition is achieved, and subsequently the Pacejka parameters are output.
The invention relates to a supply device (10) for supplying at least one electrical drive device (200) of a vehicle, comprising at least two fuel cell systems (100) each having at least one fuel cell stack (110) for generating electrical current, and comprising a high-voltage bus (20) with a connection section (22) for connecting the at least one electrical drive device (200), wherein the high-voltage bus (20) is directly electrically conductively connected to the fuel cell systems (100) and a battery device (30) is electrically conductively connected to the high-voltage bus (20) via a voltage converter (32) in order to control the bus voltage (VB) in the high-voltage bus (20).
B60L 50/75 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
B60L 58/31 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
B60L 58/40 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
The invention relates to a media distributing device (100) for distributing gaseous media to an assembly of a plurality of fuel cell stacks (200), comprising an air supply section (10, 11, 12, 13) for supplying the fuel cell stacks (200) with air and a fuel supply section (20, 21, 22, 23) for supplying the fuel cell stacks (200) with fuel. According to the invention, at least one section of a fuel supply chamber (20) is received within an air supply chamber (10), wherein the air supply chamber (10) surrounds a border of the fuel supply chamber (20) at least at the received section of the fuel supply chamber (20).
The invention relates to an inspection method for inspecting at least one central temperature-control device (160) for controlling the temperature of a media flow to at least two fuel cell stacks (110) of a fuel cell system (100), having the following steps: - specifying a process parameter target value (PPS), - detecting process parameter actual values (PPI) of the at least two fuel cell stacks (110), - determining process parameter deviations (PPA) as a difference between each detected process parameter actual value (PPI) and a specified process parameter target value (PPS), - specifying weighting factors (G) for the determined process parameter deviations (PPA), - generating a process parameter sum (PPT) on the basis of the process parameter deviations (PPA) and the weighting factors (G) specified for same, and - outputting a control specification (SV) to the at least one central temperature-control device (160) on the basis of the generated process parameter sum (PPT).
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Test equipment and testing devices for testing electrical
and electronic components, inverters, rectifiers, devices
for distributing electrical energy, namely battery chargers
installed in a vehicle (on-board chargers), control units
for battery management in vehicles, electrical and
electronic cables, bus interfaces and vehicle energy
management; computer programs, software and control programs
for the operation and testing of control units for energy
management and battery management in vehicles. Design and development of computer programs and software;
design and development of control programs for the operation
and testing of fuel cells, batteries and accumulators;
technical analysis and investigation of data from electronic
control units (ECU); technical analysis and research
relating to inverters, rectifiers, devices for the
distribution of electrical energy, namely battery chargers
installed in a vehicle (on-board chargers), control units
for battery management in vehicles, electrical and
electronic cables, bus interfaces and the energy management
of vehicles.
The invention relates to an electric drive unit (1) comprising at least one first electric machine (3) having a first rotor (31), mounted in a housing (2), with a first drive shaft (33) which is connected, for conjoint rotation, to a first drive pinion (34) that is constantly in toothed engagement with a output gear (5) or can be rotationally connected thereto, comprising at least one second electric machine (4) having a second rotor (41), mounted in the housing (2), with a second drive shaft (43) which is connected to a second drive pinion (44), wherein the first drive pinion (34) and the output gear (5) on the one side, and the second drive pinion (44) and the output gear (5) on the other side each form a single-stage spur gear transmission (30, 40), and wherein the first drive pinion (34), the second drive pinion (44) and the output gear (5) are each rotatable about an axis of rotation (3a, 4a, 5a) and the first axis of rotation (3a) of the first drive pinion (34), the second axis of rotation (4a) of the second drive pinion (44) and the third axis of rotation (5a) of the output gear (5) are arranged parallel to one another. In order to improve efficiency, the invention proposes that the second drive pinion (44) is arranged in an axially displaceable manner within the second rotor (41) and can be brought into toothed engagement with the output gear (5) by way of axial displacement in a first axial displacement direction (VI).
The invention relates to a method for determining the minimum cell voltage (ZV-MIN) of fuel cells (112) arranged in a fuel cell stack (110) of a fuel cell system (100), having the following steps: - determining channel voltages (KV) for at least two measurement channels (MK), each measurement channel having at least two fuel cells (112) which are measured in series, - ascertaining the average value (KM) for the determined channel voltages (KV) for each measurement channel (MK), - ascertaining an estimated maximum cell voltage (ZV-MAX), - ascertaining an estimated minimum cell voltage (ZV-MIN) for each measurement channel (MK) on the basis of the ascertained cell voltages (KV) and the ascertained maximum cell voltage (ZV-MAX), and - outputting the estimated minimum cell voltage (ZV-MIN) as the output minimum voltage (AV-MIN) of the respective measurement channel (MK).
The invention relates to a measuring arrangement (1) having an electric machine (2) with a rotor (4) and having a measuring device (3) for determining a torque loss of the electric machine (2), wherein the measuring device (3) has a fixing device (5) and at least one piezo element (6i, 6ii, 6iii, 6iv), preferably at least three, in particular four, piezo elements, each having a preferred direction, wherein the fixing device (5) carries the at least one piezo element (6i, 6ii, 6iii, 6iv) and supports the electric machine via the at least one piezo element (6i, 6ii, 6iii, 6iv) in such a way that at least shear forces between the electric machine (2) and the fixing device (5) can be measured by means of the at least one piezo element (6i, 6ii, 6iii, 6iv), wherein the preferred direction or the preferred directions each lies or lie parallel to or in a single plane, wherein a rotation axis (7) of the rotor (4) intersects the plane at an angle of between 45° and 135°, preferably between 85° and 95°, most preferably at least substantially perpendicularly, and wherein the rotor (4) is freely rotating.
G01L 1/16 - Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
G01L 3/10 - Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
G01L 5/167 - Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using piezoelectric means
The invention relates to a method for determining a loss torque of an electrical machine comprising a rotor, wherein the electrical machine is mounted on a measuring device in such a way that an axial torque on the machine can be measured, and wherein the rotor is freely rotatable, the method comprising the following working steps: operating the machine for a first time in such a way that the rotor reaches a predefined rotational speed; operating the machine for a second time to let it idle when the predefined rotational speed has been reached, wherein a signal from the measuring device, which signal represents the axial torque on the machine, is monitored; identifying a jump in the signal; and determining the value of the jump, wherein the value indicates the loss torque of the electrical machine.
The invention relates to an inspection method for inspecting the opening duration (OD) of an outlet valve (142) of a liquid container (140) in an anode exhaust gas section (124) of a fuel cell system (100), having the following steps: - opening the outlet valve (142) in order to discharge liquid (F) out of the liquid container (140), - detecting the anode pressure (AP) in the anode exhaust gas section (124) at the point in time at which the outlet valve (142) is opened, - setting an anode pressure reference value (APR) on the basis of the detected anode pressure (AP), - further monitoring the anode pressure (AP) during the opening duration (OD) of the outlet valve (142), - determining an anode pressure deviation (APA) of the monitored anode pressure (AP) from the set anode pressure reference value (APR), and - closing the outlet valve (142) if the determined anode pressure deviation (APA) exceeds a deviation threshold (AG).
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
H01M 8/04313 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variablesProcesses for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
The invention relates to a method for operating a test bench for vehicles using simulation means and a motion capture system, comprising the following steps: generating a virtual test environment with at least one virtual living being and at least one virtual vehicle using the simulation means, wherein one of the virtual living beings is a virtual representation of a real living being and wherein one of the virtual vehicles is a virtual representation of a vehicle with a driver assistance system, wherein additionally at least parts of the vehicle are operated as a real test specimen on the test bench, wherein the driver assistance system is operated, particularly stimulated, based on the virtual test environment; stimulating the real living being in the motion capture system based on the generated virtual environment using a stimulus; capturing motion data using the motion capture system, wherein the motion data describe a temporal course of the pose of at least one part of an anatomical structure of the real living being; and recording the captured motion data.
The invention relates to a prechamber unit (1) for an internal combustion engine, which prechamber unit has a prechamber body (2), forming a prechamber (3), with a nozzle cap (4) which is configured to open into a combustion chamber (5) of an internal combustion engine. The prechamber (3) is flow-connected via a central connecting channel (9) and at least one first nozzle channel (7) with a first orifice (10) in the nozzle cap (4) and at least one second nozzle channel (8) with a second orifice (11) in the nozzle cap (4), wherein the nozzle channels (7, 8) branch off from the connecting channel (9) and are arranged on different sides of a vertical plane (s), running through a longitudinal axis (9a) of the connecting channel (9), of the prechamber unit (1), wherein a spark plug (13) opens into the prechamber (3). In order to make stable ignition and rapid flame propagation into the combustion chamber (5) possible in the prechamber (3), it is provided that a first nozzle cap angle (oi) of the first orifice (10) and a second nozzle cap angle (02) of the second orifice (11) and/or a first orifice plane angle (ßi) of the first orifice (10) and a second orifice plane angle (ßz) of the second orifice (11) is/are of different configuration, wherein the nozzle (4) is shaped asymmetrically in relation to the vertical plane (s).
Test stands where vehicles have to be brought in independently or on lifting platforms and prepared for connection to the load apparatuses are known. In order to shorten the existing setup time and clearing time on the test stand, a vehicle support (10) for a test stand (82) is proposed which comprises two longitudinal beams (12, 14), a front crossmember (22) and a rear crossmember (20), via which the two longitudinal beams (12, 14) are connected to one another, two bearing portions (26) which extend on those sides of the longitudinal beams (12, 14) which face away from the rear crossmember (20), two bearing portions (26) which extend on both sides of the longitudinal beams (12, 14) which face away from the front crossmember (20), and four supporting elements (36) which are fastened to the four bearing portions (26). Rollers (38) are arranged at least on the two supporting elements (36) which are arranged on those sides of the longitudinal beams (12, 14) which face away from the front crossmember (22), and adapter devices (44), to which wheel hubs (46) of a vehicle (48) can be fastened, are fastened on the supporting elements (36). Furthermore, the invention proposes a corresponding method for setting up a test stand with such a vehicle support.
The invention relates to a system for generating scenario data for the testing of a driver assistance system of a vehicle and a corresponding method, where the system comprises: means for simulating a virtual traffic situation, where at least one first road user can be controlled by a first user and simulation data is generated during the simulation; a first user interface for outputting a virtual environment of at least one first road user to the first user on the basis of the virtual traffic situation; a second user interface for capturing inputs of the first user for controlling the at least one first road user in a virtual environment of the first road user; means for checking the generated simulation data for the occurrence of scenarios; means for extracting scenario data related to the scenario; and a data storage for recording the scenario data for testing the driver assistance system.
The invention relates to a fuel cell group (10) for generating electric energy, having a main fuel cell system (100) with at least one main fuel cell stack (120) and at least one auxiliary fuel cell system (200) with at least one auxiliary fuel cell stack (220), wherein the main fuel cell system (100) and the at least one auxiliary fuel cell system (200) are electrically connected in a parallel manner, the main fuel cell system (100) has a main control module (110) for variably controlling a variable main operating point (HBP), and the auxiliary fuel cell system (200) has an auxiliary switching module (210) for switching between an off-state (AZ) and at least one specified on-state (EZ).
H01M 8/04225 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
The present invention relates to a method for determining an ageing status (AZ) of a fuel cell (112), a fuel cell stack (110) and/or a fuel cell system (100) on a test bench (200), characterised by the following steps: - monitoring the profile of the electric potential (EP) during operation of the test bench (200), - detecting local extremes (LE) in the monitored profile of the electric potential (EP), - determining a reduced cycle number (RZZ) based on detected cycles (EZ) of the detected local extremes (LE), - determining reduced cycle values (RZW) for all local extremes (LE) of the reduced cycle number (RZZ), - comparing the reduced cycle number (RZZ) and the reduced cycle values (RZW) with a comparison database (70) for at least one ageing type of fuel cells (112), - outputting a qualitative and/or quantitative ageing status (AZ) on the basis of the comparison result.
The invention relates to a liquid-cooled cylinder head (1) for an internal combustion engine, with at least one cooling chamber (2) adjoining a fire deck (3), and with a valve spring chamber (16) which is separated from the former by an upper deck (17), and with at least one prechamber unit (7) which is arranged, in particular, in the region of a cylinder axis in the cylinder head (1), delimits the cooling chamber (2), and is sealed with respect to the upper deck (19) into at least one seal zone (21), wherein the prechamber unit (7) has a prechamber (8), into which at least two components (15, 16, 17) open. In order to make reliable sealing and cooling of the prechamber unit (7) possible, it is provided that the seal zone (21) has, in a top view, a sealing shape (22) which differs from the circular shape.
According to the invention, in order to allow reliable concentration measurements of a gaseous or solid material in a measurement volume, at least one part of an exhaust plume in the measurement volume is captured by an imaging unit and a total passage path of the light beam through the exhaust plume in the measurement volume is determined from the captured image of the at least one part of the exhaust plume, and a concentration of the gaseous or solid material in the measurement volume is determined from the determined decrease in the light intensity and from the total passage path.
G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
The present invention relates to a battery storage device (100) in which a cell-receiving portion (12) of a housing (10) has a plurality of receiving chambers (21) which are divided gas-impermeably by means of a chamber partition (16) and in which an individual battery cell or a group of a plurality of battery cells (20) is received; and a gas exhaust portion (13) of the housing (10) has a plurality of exhaust passages (31) which are at least partially divided gas-impermeably by means of a passage partition (18) and are each fluidically connected to an associated receiving chamber (21) and form a flow path which is separate at least in certain sections.
The present invention relates to a battery energy storage device (100), wherein a sealing element (40) is arranged at a through-opening (13) which extends through a housing (10) and in which a busbar (30) extends from an interior (12) to an outer face (17) of the housing (10).
H01M 50/24 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
H01M 50/289 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
H01M 50/30 - Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
The invention relates to a fuel cell system (1), in particular an SOFC system, comprising: at least one fuel cell stack (2) having an anode section (3) and a cathode section (4); an air supply section (5); a fuel supply section (6); an exhaust gas section (7) having an afterburner (8); and a recirculation section (9), wherein a first heat exchanger (10) is located in the recirculation section (9), wherein a first dividing device (11a) is provided downstream of the first heat exchanger (10) in order to conduct a portion of the anode exhaust gas to the afterburner (8). The invention also relates to a use of such a fuel cell system (1).
The present invention relates to a battery cell testing device (10) for use in a battery cell testing system, said device comprising: a battery cell holder (12) having a frame (14) and a battery cell fixing device (22); a contact device (24) for electrically contacting the battery cell; and a temperature control device (26) which is located on the contact device (24) and the frame (14). The temperature control device has: cooling fins arranged on the contact device (24); an axial fan (28); and a flow-guiding device (30), on the contact device (24), for guiding an air flow generated by the axial fan (28).
The present invention relates to a battery cell test apparatus (10), comprising: a holding device (12) having a battery cell receiving device (13) for a battery cell to be tested, and a positioning device (16) for a conditioning plate (22); and a base device (14) with an electrical connection device (32) for connecting to the battery cell to be tested, an electrical test system connection (52) electrically connected to the electrical connection device (32) for connection to a test system power source, a signal connection device (34) for connection to a signal lead connected to a sensor, a test-system signal connection (54) connected for signalling purposes to the signal connection device (34), a first heat-transfer medium connection device (36a) for the fluidic connection of the conditioning plate (22) to an external heat-transfer medium source, and a first test-system heat-transfer medium connection (56) in fluidic connection to the first heat-transfer medium connection device (36a), characterised in that two pressure plates (60), with surfaces facing one another, arranged on the positioning device (16), wherein a battery cell receiving space (26) is formed between the two pressure plates (60), one pressure plate (60) is designed as a conditioning plate (22) or both pressure plates (60) are designed as conditioning plates (22).
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
G01R 31/385 - Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 10/6556 - Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
99.
DEVICE FOR MEASURING AT LEAST ONE GASEOUS OR SOLID MATERIAL
The invention relates to a device for measuring at least one gaseous or solid material in at least one measurement volume at a stationary measurement station, wherein: a light source and at least one detector are provided, and at least one main primary beam can be emitted from the light source to at least one beam splitter unit; the at least one beam splitter unit is disposed at a first distance from a first reflection region of a reflection unit, and the beam splitter unit splits the main primary beam into at least one first partial beam oriented through the measurement volume toward the first reflection region and at least one secondary primary beam oriented in a different direction than the main primary beam; at least one deflecting unit is disposed at a second distance from a second reflection region, and the at least one secondary primary beam can be directed to the deflecting unit by means of the beam splitter unit and the at least one secondary primary beam can be directed, as a second partial beam, through the at least one measurement volume toward the second reflection region by means of the deflecting unit; and each of the at least one measurement volume is disposed between the beam splitter unit and/or the deflecting unit and the associated reflection regions and is at least partly delimited by the beam splitter unit and/or the deflecting unit and the associated reflection regions. According to the invention, the first reflection region directs the first partial beam, as a first return beam, through the at least one measurement volume to the at least one detector, the second reflection region directs the second partial beam, as a second return beam, through the at least one measurement volume to the at least one detector, and the at least one detector measures a light property of each return beam, said light property characterizing the at least one gaseous or solid material.
G01N 21/85 - Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
G01N 15/075 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
G01N 21/27 - ColourSpectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection
The present invention relates to a method (100) for controlling one or two electrically driven axles (1a, 1b) of a vehicle with electric motors (EM1, EM2), each connected to an output (2, 2a, 2b) via a respective power transmission path (3, 4), comprising the following steps: determining (101a) values for a speed and a torque applied to at least one mechanical component (5) of the power transmission paths (3, 4) and/or the electric motors (EM1, EM2); determining a value of a damage condition of the at least one mechanical component (5) resulting from damage inputs over a predefined period of time; and controlling (107) the electrically driven axles (1a, 1b) taking into account the damage condition of the at least one mechanical component (5).
B60L 15/20 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performanceAdaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
B60K 1/02 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
B60L 3/00 - Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposesMonitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
