A method (100) of producing commercially pure carbon dioxide can include providing (110) a body of rubblized carbon based ore. The body of rubblized carbon based ore can be heated (120) at an elevated temperature under an oxygen deficient atmosphere to produce water, carbon dioxide, a residual mineral ore, and optionally hydrocarbon products. The carbon dioxide can be separated (130) from the water and optional hydrocarbon products. The carbon based ore can include oil shale, coal, tar sands, peat, tasmanite, or a combination thereof.
B01D 53/34 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
2.
RECOVERING RARE EARTH ELEMENTS AND OTHER TRACE METALS FROM CARBON-BASED ORES
A method of recovering rare earth elements and other trace metals from based ores can include providing a body of rubblized carbon-based ore. The rubblized carbon-based ore can include carbonates and rare earth elements. The carbonates in the ore can be decomposed at an elevated decomposition temperature and an oxygen deficient atmosphere to form an enriched spent ore and carbon dioxide.
A method of continuously recovering hydrocarbons from carbon ores, comprising: providing a first vessel and a second vessel containing rubblized carbon ore; introducing a cooling fuel gas into the first vessel; consuming the oxygen through oxidation in an oxidation zone at an oxidation temperature in the first vessel; controlling the oxidation temperature of the oxidation zone; heating rubblized carbon ore in a pyrolysis zone using the hot oxidation product gas, producing gaseous and vapor hydrocarbon pyrolysis products and a heated pyrolyze carbon ore; condensing the vapor hydrocarbon pyrolysis products on rubblized carbon ore in a condensing zone downstream of the pyrolysis zone; collecting the condensed hydrocarbon pyrolysis products; and recycling remaining gaseous hydrocarbons and oxidation products from the gas outlet of the second vessel as the recycle gas; wherein the oxidation zone and pyrolysis zone continuously move through the rubblized carbon ore in a downstream direction.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
E21B 43/247 - Combustion in situ in association with fracturing processes
4.
Low temperature homogeneous charge continuous oxidation pyrolysis of carbon ores
A method of continuously recovering hydrocarbons from carbon ores can include providing first and second vessels containing rubblized carbon ore. A cooling fuel gas can be introduced into the first vessel. The cooling fuel gas can include oxygen and a recycle gas from the second vessel, which includes hydrocarbons and oxidation products. The oxygen can be consumed through oxidation in an oxidation zone in the first vessel. The temperature of the oxidation zone can be controlled by limiting the oxygen concentration in the cooling fuel gas. This can produce a hot oxidation product gas that heats rubblized carbon ore in a pyrolysis zone downstream of the oxidation zone. Gaseous and vapor hydrocarbons can be produced in the pyrolysis zone. The vapor hydrocarbons can be condensed in a condensing zone downstream of the pyrolysis zone and then collected. The remaining gaseous hydrocarbons and oxidation products can be recycled as the recycle gas. The oxidation zone and the pyrolysis zone can continuously move through the rubblized carbon ore in a downstream direction. Optionally, by using nitrogen free oxygen for the oxidation, a nitrogen free stream of carbon dioxide is produced suitable for carbon dioxide capture and management. This can also eliminate the production of NOx in the oxidation process.
Recovering hydrocarbons (100) from oil shale can include injecting (110) a heated working fluid into a first vessel containing particulate oil shale in a pyrolysis mode. The heated working fluid can have a temperature above a production temperature to pyrolyze kerogen in a stationary bed of the oil shale at or above the production temperature. An effluent can concurrently flow (120) out of the first vessel to be injected into a second vessel in preheating mode. The second vessel containing particulate oil shale has an average temperature below the production temperature so as to capture heat from the effluent sufficient to increase the average temperature of the particulate oil shale and to condense condensable hydrocarbon product while also removing entrained mineral fines mists of condensed hydrocarbons from the effluent. Liquid hydrocarbons can be concurrently collected (130) from the first vessel and/or the second vessel.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
C10G 9/02 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in retorts
C10G 9/26 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid material, e.g. blast and run
C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
Recovering hydrocarbons from oil shale can include injecting a heated working fluid into a first vessel containing particulate oil shale in a pyrolysis mode. The heated working fluid can have a temperature above a production temperature to pyrolyze kerogen in a stationary bed of the oil shale at or above the production temperature. An effluent can concurrently flow out of the first vessel to be injected into a second vessel in preheating mode. The second vessel containing particulate oil shale has an average temperature below the production temperature so as to capture heat from the effluent sufficient to increase the average temperature of the particulate oil shale and to condense condensable hydrocarbon product while also removing entrained mineral fines mists of condensed hydrocarbons from the effluent. Liquid hydrocarbons can concurrently be collected from the first vessel and/or the second vessel.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
Recovering hydrocarbons (100) from oil shale can include injecting (110) a heated working fluid into a first vessel containing particulate oil shale in a pyrolysis mode. The heated working fluid can have a temperature above a production temperature to pyrolyze kerogen in a stationary bed of the oil shale at or above the production temperature. An effluent can concurrently flow (120) out of the first vessel to be injected into a second vessel in preheating mode. The second vessel containing particulate oil shale has an average temperature below the production temperature so as to capture heat from the effluent sufficient to increase the average temperature of the particulate oil shale and to condense condensable hydrocarbon product while also removing entrained mineral fines mists of condensed hydrocarbons from the effluent. Liquid hydrocarbons can be concurrently collected (130) from the first vessel and/or the second vessel.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
C10G 9/26 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with discontinuously preheated non-moving solid material, e.g. blast and run
C10G 9/02 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in retorts
C10G 9/36 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
C10G 9/38 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
A radial flow oil shale retort (100) can include a central heating fluid conduit (118) having a permeable outer wall (132) and an outer heating fluid annulus (116) positioned about the central heating fluid conduit (118), the outer heating fluid annulus (116) having a permeable inner wall (130). An annular body (114) of comminuted oil shale can be between the permeable outer wall (132) of the central heating fluid conduit (118) and the permeable inner wall (130) of the outer heating fluid annulus (116). A heating fluid supply (122) can be connected to either the central heating fluid conduit (118) or the outer heating fluid annulus (116) to flow a heating fluid in a radial direction through the annular body (114) of the comminuted oil shale.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
9.
Heating materials through co-generation of heat and electricity
Systems and methods for heating material through cogeneration of thermal and electrical energy can include a heat source and an electric generator configured to produce hot exhaust gas and electricity. One or more heating conduits can carry the hot exhaust gas to one or more bodies of material. The electric generator can at least partially power one or more electric heaters configured to reheat the hot exhaust gas after a portion of heat has been transferred from the hot exhaust gas to the one or more bodies of material.
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
F01L 15/10 - Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. with reciprocatory slide valves, other than provided for in groups with main slide valve and auxiliary valve dragged thereby
F02C 6/04 - Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
C10B 53/06 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of oil shale or bituminous rocks
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10B 49/02 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
C10B 47/06 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge in retorts
10.
HEATING MATERIALS THROUGH CO-GENERATION OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY
Systems (100) and methods for heating material through cogeneration of thermal and electrical energy can include a heat source (105) and an electric generator (110) configured to produce hot exhaust gas and electricity. One or more heating conduits (115) can carry the hot exhaust gas to one or more bodies of material (120). The electric generator (110) can at least partially power one or more electric heaters (125) configured to reheat the hot exhaust gas after a portion of heat has been transferred from the hot exhaust gas to the one or more bodies of material (120).
Systems for heating a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material to produce hydrocarbons therefrom can involve heating multiple zones of the body of material sequentially. An exemplary system can include a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material having a lower zone and an upper zone. A lower heating conduit can be embedded in the lower zone, while an upper heating conduit is embedded in the upper zone. A collection conduit is embedded in the upper zone at a location above the upper heating conduit. A lower heating valve is also operatively associated with the lower heating conduit and is capable of switchably flowing a heat transfer fluid through the lower heating conduit. An upper heating valve is operatively associated with the upper heating conduit and capable of switchably flowing the heat transfer fluid through the upper heating conduit. The lower heating valve and upper heating valve are also configured to sequentially flow the heat transfer fluid through the lower heating conduit and then through the upper heating conduit or through the upper heating conduit and then through the lower heating conduit.
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10B 5/06 - Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with horizontal heating flues
C10B 49/02 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
12.
STAGED ZONE HEATING OF HYDROCARBONS BEARING MATERIALS
Methods and systems of heating a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material to produce hydrocarbons therefrom can involve heating multiple zones of the body of material sequentially. An exemplary method (100A) can include forming a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material having a first zone and a second zone (110A). The first zone can be heated in a first heating stage to form a dynamic high temperature production region in the first zone (120A). A cooling fluid can then be injected into the first zone after the high temperature production region forms (130A). The high temperature production region can move into the second zone in a second heating stage. Hydrocarbons can be collected from the body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material during both the first and second heating stages (140 A).
E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
E21B 43/16 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
13.
Staged zone heating of hydrocarbon bearing materials
Methods and systems of heating a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material to produce hydrocarbons therefrom can involve heating multiple zones of the body of material sequentially. An exemplary method can include forming a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material having a first zone and a second zone. The first zone can be heated in a first heating stage to form a dynamic high temperature production region in the first zone. A cooling fluid can then be injected into the first zone after the high temperature production region forms. The high temperature production region can move into the second zone in a second heating stage. Hydrocarbons can be collected from the body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material during both the first and second heating stages.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
14.
Fluid seal and method of sealing a gas containment system
A fluid seal system for a hydrocarbon recovery capsule includes a plurality of interconnected fluid seals each comprising an elongated sealing member clamped to a bulkhead plate and biasing a geomembrane to the bulkhead plate. A compression plate is positioned between each elongated sealing member and the bulkhead plate, thereby clamping the geomembrane to the bulkhead plate. An enclosed channel of each elongated sealing member receives a slurry. Clay amended soil surrounds and compresses the plurality of interconnected seals to provide a fluid seal that is capable of withstanding high temperatures while sealing off fluid and gas from the environment. A method of sealing a hydrocarbon recovery capsule is disclosed and described.
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
F16J 15/02 - Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
F16J 15/14 - Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces by means of granular or plastic material, or fluid
A gas containment system can include a gas barrier layer forming a capsule. The gas barrier layer can be made up of a particulate swelling clay, a non-swelling particulate material mixed with the particulate swelling clay, water, and a water-soluble polyol. The water can hydrate the particulate swelling clay and form a continuous liquid phase in the gas barrier layer. The water-soluble polyol can be dissolved in the water. The gas containment system can further include a gas retained inside the capsule.
B65G 5/00 - Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth
E21D 11/00 - Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambersLinings thereforMaking such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
A gas containment system (100) can include a gas barrier layer (110) forming a capsule. The gas barrier layer can be made up of a particulate swelling clay, a non-swelling particulate material mixed with the particulate swelling clay, water, and a water-soluble polyol. The water can hydrate the particulate swelling clay and form a continuous liquid phase in the gas barrier layer. The water-soluble polyol can be dissolved in the water. The gas containment system can further include a gas retained inside the capsule.
A thermal insulation system can include a body of heated material at an elevated temperature. A layer of porous insulating material can be placed adjacent to and in fluid communication with the body of heated material. The insulating layer can contain distributed liquid water in an amount sufficient to cool the insulating layer through evaporative vapor flow toward the body of heated material. The amount of water can be sufficient to provide water vapor for inhibiting the diffusion and adsorption of hydrocarbons from the heated material. The insulating layer can include a continuous vapor phase. A heat sink material at a lower temperature can be placed adjacent to the insulating layer and opposite from the body of heated material.
A thermal insulation system (100) can include a body of heated material (110) at an elevated temperature. A layer of porous insulating material (120) can be placed adjacent to and in fluid communication with the body of heated material (110). The insulating layer (120) can contain distributed liquid water in an amount sufficient to cool the insulating layer (120) through evaporative vapor flow toward the body of heated material (110). The amount of water can be sufficient to provide water vapor for inhibiting the diffusion and adsorption of hydrocarbons from the body of heated material (110). The insulating layer (120) can include a continuous vapor phase. A heat sink material (130) at a lower temperature can be placed adjacent to the insulating layer (120) and opposite from the body of heated material (110).
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
19.
FLUID SEAL AND METHOD OF SEALING A GAS CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
A fluid seal system for a hydrocarbon recovery capsule includes a plurality of interconnected fluid seals (30) each comprising an elongated sealing member (32) clamped to a bulkhead plate (34) and biasing a geomembrane (36) to the bulkhead plate (34). A compression plate (42a, 42b) is positioned between each elongated sealing member (32) and the bulkhead plate (34), thereby clamping the geomembrane (36) to the bulkhead plate (34). An enclosed channel (38) of each elongated sealing member (32) receives a slurry (40). Clay amended soil surrounds and compresses the plurality of interconnected seals (30) to provide a fluid seal that is capable of withstanding high temperatures while sealing off fluid and gas from the environment. A method of sealing a hydrocarbon recovery capsule is disclosed and described.
A system and method for long term storage of waste can include a comminuted material (100) having a high surface area. The comminuted material (100) can include particles of processed hydro carbonaceous materials from which hydrocarbon products have been derived. The comminuted material (100) can be contacted with a flowable waste material so that the flowable waste material is retained in the comminuted material (100). This flowable waste material is some material other than hydrocarbon products that have been derived from the hydro carbonaceous materials. An encapsulation barrier (105) can envelope the comminuted material (100) and provide a secondary means of preventing escape of the flowable waste material.
B03B 9/02 - General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for oil-sand, oil-chalk, oil-shales, ozokerite, bitumen, or the like
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
E02D 31/00 - Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structuresGround foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
21.
Long term storage of waste using adsorption by high surface area materials
A system and method for long term storage of waste can include a comminuted material having a high surface area. The comminuted material can include particles of processed hydrocarbonaceous materials from which hydrocarbon products have been derived. The comminuted material can be contacted with a flowable waste material so that the flowable waste material is retained in the comminuted material. This flowable waste material is some material other than hydrocarbon products that have been derived from the hydrocarbonaceous materials. An encapsulation barrier can envelope the comminuted material and provide a secondary means of preventing escape of the flowable waste material.
A method for removal and condensation of vapors from within an enclosed space is disclosed. An enclosed space containing hydrocarbonaceous material is surrounded by an insulative permeable layer having a lowering temperature gradient between the inner surface and the outer surfaces. The insulative layer may also be covered by an impermeable layer. Heating the material in the enclosed space causes the formation of vapors at a positive pressure within the enclosed space. Vapors pass through the inner surface of the insulative permeable layer and contact the permeable materials and are condensed by the lowering temperature within the insulative layer. The condensate liquid passes downwardly through the insulative layer and is then collected. The positive pressure within the heated enclosed space and the condensation and lowering of pressure and temperature within the insulative layer serves to draw additional vapors from within the enclosed space into the insulative layer which facilitates condensation and subsequent collection.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
F26B 25/00 - Details of general application not covered by group or
A method (10) of minimizing vapor transmission from a constructed permeability control infrastructure can comprise forming (12) a heterogeneous hydrated matrix within the constructed permeability control infrastructure, the constructed permeability control infrastructure comprising a permeability control impoundment defining a substantially encapsulated volume. The heterogeneous hydrated matrix includes a particulate solid phase and a continuous liquid phase which is penetrable by a vapor having a permeation rate. The constructed permeability control infrastructure is operated (14) to control the permeation rate by manipulating (16) an operational parameter of the constructed permeability control infrastructure. Additionally, the vapor can be impeded during operating sufficient to contain the vapor within the constructed permeability control infrastructure.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 31/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
A method of minimizing vapor transmission from a constructed permeability control infrastructure can comprise forming a heterogeneous hydrated matrix within the constructed permeability control infrastructure, the constructed permeability control infrastructure comprising a permeability control impoundment defining a substantially encapsulated volume. The heterogeneous hydrated matrix includes a particulate solid phase and a continuous liquid phase which is penetrable by a vapor having a permeation rate. The constructed permeability control infrastructure is operated to control the permeation rate by manipulating an operational parameter of the constructed permeability control infrastructure. Additionally, the vapor can be impeded during operating sufficient to contain the vapor within the constructed permeability control infrastructure.
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
F17D 5/02 - Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
25.
COMPOSITE FEEDSTOCK FOR RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBONS FROM HYDROCARBONACEOUS MATERIAL
A method of reducing settling of residual comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material during processing (10) can comprise forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (12) which defines a substantially encapsulated volume. The method can also include introducing a composite comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body (14), where the composite hydrocarbonaceous material includes a comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material and a structural material. The method can further include heating the permeable body sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom (16). The hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary during heating, exclusive of subsidence and settling. The structural material can provide structural integrity to the permeable body sufficient to maintain convective flow of fluids throughout the permeable body during heating.
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
26.
CONVECTIVE FLOW BARRIER FOR HEATING OF BULK HYDROCARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
A system (100) for disrupting convective heat flow within a body of hydro carbonaceous material (108) includes a body of hydro carbonaceous material (108) which is sufficiently porous that convective currents can form in void spaces of the material (108). A bulk fluid occupies these void spaces and the bulk fluid is heated by a heat source (112), causing the bulk fluid to flow through the void spaces in convective currents. A convective barrier (116) is placed in an upper portion of the body of hydro carbonaceous material (108). This convective barrier (116) is configured to disrupt convective flow of the bulk fluid.
C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
27.
Convective flow barrier for heating of bulk hydrocarbonaceous materials
A system for disrupting convective heat flow within a body of hydrocarbonaceous material includes a body of hydrocarbonaceous material which is sufficiently porous that convective currents can form in void spaces of the material. A bulk fluid occupies these void spaces and the bulk fluid is heated by a heat source, causing the bulk fluid to flow through the void spaces in convective currents. A convective barrier is placed in an upper portion of the body of hydrocarbonaceous material. This convective barrier is configured to disrupt convective flow of the bulk fluid.
E21B 43/24 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
E21B 43/241 - Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection combined with solution mining of non-hydrocarbon minerals, e.g. solvent pyrolysis of oil shale
28.
Composite feedstock for recovery of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous material
A method of reducing settling of residual comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material during processing can comprise forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure which defines a substantially encapsulated volume; introducing a composite comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body, said composite hydrocarbonaceous material comprising a comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material and a structural material; and heating the permeable body sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom such that the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary during heating, exclusive of subsidence and settling. The structural material can provide structural integrity to the permeable body sufficient to maintain convective flow of fluids throughout the permeable body during heating.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
C10B 53/06 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of oil shale or bituminous rocks
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
29.
ACCESS SYSTEM FOR A PRESSURE CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT
An access system (100) for a pressure controlled environment is disclosed and described. The system (100) can include a pressurized region (110) having a first fluid (104). The pressurized region (110) can be defined, at least partially, by a barrier (112) separating the pressurized region (110) from a lower pressure region (111 ). The system (100) can also include a trap (140) fluidly coupling the pressurized region (110) and the lower pressure region (111 ) through at least a portion of the barrier (112). The trap (140) can have a second fluid (142) forming a seal to prevent the first fluid (104) from escaping the pressurized region (110). Additionally, the system (100) can include at least one cable (132) extending through the trap (140) and the barrier (112) into the pressurized region (110).
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
C10G 11/00 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
30.
Access system for a pressure controlled environment
An access system for a pressure controlled environment is disclosed and described. The system can include a pressurized region having a first fluid. The pressurized region can be defined, at least partially, by a barrier separating the pressurized region from a lower pressure region. The system can also include a trap fluidly coupling the pressurized region and the lower pressure region through at least a portion of the barrier. The trap can have a second fluid forming a seal to prevent the first fluid from escaping the pressurized region. Additionally, the system can include at least one cable extending through the trap and the barrier into the pressurized region.
E21B 43/12 - Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
G05D 27/00 - Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups
31.
METHODS OF OPERATION FOR REDUCED RESIDUAL HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION IN OIL SHALE PROCESSING
A method of reducing residual hydrocarbon accumulation during processing can comprise forming a permeable body (608) of a comminuted hydro carbonaceous material within an enclosure (602). A primary liquid collection system (610) is located in a lower portion of the permeable body. The primary liquid collection system (610) has an upper surface for collecting and removing liquids. Comminuted hydro carbonaceous material below the primary liquid collection system (610) forms a non-production zone (616). At least a portion of the permeable body (608) is heated to a bulk temperature above a production temperature sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom within a production zone (614), where conditions in the non-production zone (616) are maintained below the production temperature.
A vertically compactable fluid transfer device (10) can include a lateral fluid transfer conduit (12) to convey a fluid transfer fluid therethrough and to be supported by particles (16) packed to a first density. Additionally, the device (10) can include a riser (14) coupled to, and in fluid communication with, the lateral fluid transfer conduit (12). The riser (14) can be vertically compactable by at least 20% while maintaining structural integrity when the lateral fluid transfer conduit lowers as the supporting particles (16) pack to a second density, which is higher than the first density.
A vertically compactable fluid transfer device (10) can include a lateral fluid transfer conduit (12) to convey a fluid transfer fluid therethrough and to be supported by particles (16) packed to a first density. Additionally, the device (10) can include a riser (14) coupled to, and in fluid communication with, the lateral fluid transfer conduit (12). The riser (14) can be vertically compactable by at least 20% while maintaining structural integrity when the lateral fluid transfer conduit lowers as the supporting particles (16) pack to a second density, which is higher than the first density.
A method of maintaining structural integrity of a subsiding earthen fluid containment structure is disclosed and comprises forming a lined containment infrastructure (100) including a convex bulged crown portion (120), floor portion (110) and sidewall portions (115) which enclose a comminuted earthen material (126) within an enclosed volume (125) such that fluid flow from the lined containment compound is restricted. The bulged crown flattens, thickens and diminishes in surface area during subsidence of the comminuted earthen material as fluid is removed. The bulged crown is shaped to avoid tensile stresses which may otherwise result in breach or failure of lined containment during subsidence. Further, the lined containment structure can include an inner insulative layer and an outer impermeable seal layer having unique contributions as described in more detail herein.
A method of removing fines from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid can include preparing a bed media of particulate earthen material (12). The hydrocarbon-containing fluid having fines therein can be passed through the bed media (12) at a flow rate such that a portion of the fines are retained in the bed media (12) to form a filtered hydrocarbon-containing fluid. The flow rate is sufficient to maintain a wetting film of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid across at least a majority portion of the particulate earthen material which is contacted by the hydrocarbon-containing fluid. The filtered hydrocarbon-containing fluid can be recovered from the bed media (12) via a suitable outlet (16) having substantially reduced or eliminated fines content.
B01D 15/00 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbentsApparatus therefor
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B01J 20/22 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
A method of maintaining structural integrity of a subsiding earthen fluid containment structure is disclosed and comprises forming a lined containment infrastructure (100) including a convex bulged crown portion (120), floor portion (110) and sidewall portions (115) which enclose a comminuted earthen material (126) within an enclosed volume (125) such that fluid flow from the lined containment compound is restricted. The bulged crown flattens, thickens and diminishes in surface area during subsidence of the comminuted earthen material as fluid is removed. The bulged crown is shaped to avoid tensile stresses which may otherwise result in breach or failure of lined containment during subsidence. Further, the lined containment structure can include an inner insulative layer and an outer impermeable seal layer having unique contributions as described in more detail herein.
B65G 5/00 - Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth
E02D 31/00 - Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structuresGround foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
A method for removal and condensation of vapors from within an enclosed space (120) is disclosed. An enclosed space (120) containing material (110) is surrounded by an insulative permeable layer (130) having a lowering temperature gradient (230) between the inner surface (220) and the outer surfaces (240). The insulative layer (130) may also be covered by an impermeable layer (140). Heating the material (110) in the enclosed space (120) causes the formation of vapors at a positive pressure within the enclosed space (120). Vapors pass through the inner surface (220) of the insulative permeable layer (130) and contact the permeable materials and are condensed by the lowering temperature within the insulative layer (130). The condensate liquid passes downwardly through the insulative layer (130) for collection. The positive pressure within the heated enclosed space (120) and the condensation and lowering of pressure and temperature within the insulative layer (130) serves to draw additional vapors from within the enclosed space (120) into the insulative layer (130) for condensation and collection.
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
A method for removal and condensation of vapors from within an enclosed space (120) is disclosed. An enclosed space (120) containing material (110) is surrounded by an insulative permeable layer (130) having a lowering temperature gradient (230) between the inner surface (220) and the outer surfaces (240). The insulative layer (130) may also be covered by an impermeable layer (140). Heating the material (110) in the enclosed space (120) causes the formation of vapors at a positive pressure within the enclosed space (120). Vapors pass through the inner surface (220) of the insulative permeable layer (130) and contact the permeable materials and are condensed by the lowering temperature within the insulative layer (130). The condensate liquid passes downwardly through the insulative layer (130) for collection. The positive pressure within the heated enclosed space (120) and the condensation and lowering of pressure and temperature within the insulative layer (130) serves to draw additional vapors from within the enclosed space (120) into the insulative layer (130) for condensation and collection.
C10G 31/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by heating, cooling, or pressure treatment
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
39.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR REMOVING FINES FROM HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING FLUIDS
A method of removing fines from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid can include preparing a bed media of particulate earthen material (12). The hydrocarbon-containing fluid having fines therein can be passed through the bed media (12) at a flow rate such that a portion of the fines are retained in the bed media (12) to form a filtered hydrocarbon-containing fluid. The flow rate is sufficient to maintain a wetting film of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid across at least a majority portion of the particulate earthen material which is contacted by the hydrocarbon-containing fluid. The filtered hydrocarbon-containing fluid can be recovered from the bed media (12) via a suitable outlet (16) having substantially reduced or eliminated fines content.
B01D 24/10 - Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being held in a closed container
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
40.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR REMOVING FINES FROM HYDROCARBON-CONTAINING FLUIDS
A method of removing fines from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid can include preparing a bed media of particulate earthen material (12). The hydrocarbon-containing fluid having fines therein can be passed through the bed media (12) at a flow rate such that a portion of the fines are retained in the bed media (12) to form a filtered hydrocarbon-containing fluid. The flow rate is sufficient to maintain a wetting film of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid across at least a majority portion of the particulate earthen material which is contacted by the hydrocarbon-containing fluid. The filtered hydrocarbon-containing fluid can be recovered from the bed media (12) via a suitable outlet (16) having substantially reduced or eliminated fines content.
B01D 24/10 - Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being held in a closed container
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
41.
VAPOR COLLECTION AND BARRIER SYSTEMS FOR ENCAPSULATED CONTROL INFRASTRUCTURES
A method of preventing egress of a vapor from an encapsulated volume can include forming a substantially impermeable vapor barrier (20) along an inner surface of the encapsulated volume. The encapsulated volume includes a permeable body (120) of comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material. Further, the vapor barrier (20) can include an insulating layer (24) capable of maintaining a temperature gradient of at least 400° F across the insulating layer (24). The permeable body (120) can be heated sufficient to liberate hydrocarbons therefrom and the hydrocarbons can be collected from the permeable body (120). The vapor barrier layer (20) can be a single or multiple layer construction, depending on the specific materials chosen.
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (600). This constructed infrastructure (600) defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A mined hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body (605) of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body (605) can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. Hydrocarbon products can be collected from intermediate locations (620, 630) within the permeable body (605). Advantageously, an intermediate fluid collection system (610) can be used to draw a hydrocarbon product from the permeable body (605) at preselected locations. Such intermediate collection can provide hydrocarbon product fractions which can reduce or eliminate the need for full-scale distillation of a hydrocarbon product having a full range of products such as that typically found in crude oil. In addition, product quality can be tailored by monitoring such intermediate draws and adjusting operating parameters accordingly.
C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
43.
CARBON MANAGEMENT AND SEQUESTRATION FROM ENCAPSULATED CONTROL INFRASTRUCTURES
A method of sequestering carbon dioxide emissions during recovery of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (100). This constructed infrastructure (100) defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure (100) to form a permeable body (120) of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body (120) can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. During heating, the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure (100) is a fixed structure. Additionally, during heating, any carbon dioxide that is produced can be sequestered. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.
C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
44.
Corrugated heating conduit and method of using in thermal expansion and subsidence mitigation
A method of maintaining the structural integrity of heating conduit used to heat a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material enclosed within a constructed permeability control infrastructure. The method includes obtaining a heating conduit with corrugated walls and configured for transporting a heat transfer fluid, burying the heating conduit at a depth within the permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material and with an inlet end extending from the boundary of the constructed permeability control infrastructure, operably coupling the inlet end of the heating conduit to a heat source of the heat transfer fluid, and passing the heat transfer fluid through the heating conduit to transfer heat from the heat transfer fluid to the permeable body, with the corrugations in the corrugated walls mitigating longitudinal axis thermal expansion of the heating conduit and allowing the heating conduit to conformably bend in response to subsidence of the permeable body.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
45.
METHODS OF RECOVERING MINERALS FROM HYDROCARBONACEOUS MATERIAL USING A CONSTRUCTED INFRASTRUCTURE AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS
A method of recovering minerals from hydro carbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (100). This constructed infrastructure (100) defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydro carbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body (120) of hydro carbonaceous material. The permeable body (120) can be contacted with an agent sufficient to remove minerals therefrom. The agent is typically a solution containing a solvent, leachant, chelating agent and the like via which minerals can be removed having value, toxic minerals, radioactive minerals and the like.
C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
C10G 29/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
46.
METHODS OF RECOVERING HYDROCARBONS FROM HYDROCARBONACEOUS MATERIAL USING A CONSTRUCTED INFRASTRUCTURE AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS MAINTAINED UNDER POSITIVE PRESSURE
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (100). This constructed infrastructure (100) defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body (120) of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body (120) can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. During heating and removal of hydrocarbons and subsequent thereto a positive pressure can be maintained within the encapsulated volume by means of a non-oxidizing gas to expedite flushing of hydrocarbonaceous material, inhibit unwanted entry of oxygen into the encapsulated volume and remove recoverable hydrocarbons following the heating process.
C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
An articulating conduit linkage system (80) for maintaining a fluid connection between a fluid source and displaceable conduit that has been buried in a subsiding permeable body (30). A fluid source can supply a working fluid through a source outlet (72), and which is located outside of the boundaries of the permeable body (30). A displaceable conduit can receive the working fluid through a conduit inlet (74), and be buried at a depth within a subsiding permeable body (30) that is contained within a permeability control infrastructure (12). A plurality of articulating conduit segments (82,84,86) can comprise: an outer conduit segment (82) that is operably coupled to the source outlet (72) with a first single-axis swivel joint, an inner conduit segment (84) that is operably coupled to the conduit inlet (74) with a second single-axis swivel joint, and at least one middle conduit segment (86) that operably connects the outer (82) and inner segments (84), respectively, with at least one single-axis swivel joint to establish a working fluid connection between the fluid source and the displaceable conduit (70). In the event of a subsidence of the permeable body which causes a relative displacement between the source outlet (72) and the conduit inlet (74) that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of both the outlet and the inlet, the plurality of articulating conduit segments (82,84,86) are configured so the outer (82) and inner (84) conduit segments rotate in opposite directions to extend the conduit linkage system while maintaining a working fluid connection between the source outlet (72) and the conduit inlet (74).
E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
C10G 31/09 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
48.
CORRUGATED HEATING CONDUIT AND METHOD OF USING IN THERMAL EXPANSION AND SUBSIDENCE MITIGATION
A method of maintaining the structural integrity of heating conduit used to heat a permeable body of hydro carbonaceous material enclosed within a constructed permeability control infrastructure. The method (200) includes obtaining (202) a heating conduit with corrugated walls and configured for transporting a heat transfer fluid, burying (204) the heating conduit at a depth within the permeable body of hydro carbonaceous material and with an inlet end extending from the boundary of the constructed permeability control infrastructure, (206) operably coupling the inlet end of the heating conduit to a heat source of the heat transfer fluid, and (208) passing the heat transfer fluid through the heating conduit to transfer heat from the heat transfer fluid to the permeable body, with the corrugations in the corrugated walls mitigating longitudinal axis thermal expansion of the heating conduit and allowing the heating conduit to conformably bend in response to subsidence of the permeable body.
E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
49.
CONVECTIVE HEAT SYSTEMS FOR RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBONS FROM ENCAPSULATED PERMEABILITY CONTROL INFRASTRUCTURES
A constructed permeability control infrastructure (100) can include a permeability control impoundment, which defines a substantially encapsulated volume. The infrastructure (100) can also include a comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material within the encapsulated volume. The comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can form a permeable body (120) of hydrocarbonaceous material. The infrastructure (100) can further include at least one convection driving conduit oriented in a lower portion of the permeable body (120) to generate bulk convective flow patterns throughout the permeable body (120). An associated method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (100), which defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure (100) to form a permeable body (120) of hydrocarbonaceous material. A heated fluid can be passed throughout the permeable body (120) in bulk convective flow patterns to remove hydrocarbons from the permeable body (120). Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing and/or use.
C10G 9/00 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
50.
Vapor collection and barrier systems for encapsulated control infrastructures
A method of preventing egress of a vapor from an encapsulated volume can include forming a substantially impermeable vapor barrier along an inner surface of the encapsulated volume. The encapsulated volume includes a permeable body of comminuted hydro carbonaceous material. Further, the vapor barrier can include an insulating layer capable of maintaining a temperature gradient of at least 400° F. across the insulating layer. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to liberate hydrocarbons therefrom and the hydrocarbons can be collected from the permeable body. The vapor barrier layer can be a single or multiple layer construction, depending on the specific materials chosen.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
51.
Carbon management and sequestration from encapsulated control infrastructures
A method of sequestering carbon dioxide emissions during recovery of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. During heating, the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure is a fixed structure. Additionally, during heating, any carbon dioxide that is produced can be sequestered. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
52.
Methods of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous material using a constructed infrastructure and associated systems maintained under positive pressure
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. During heating and removal of hydrocarbons and subsequent thereto a positive pressure can be maintained within the encapsulated volume by means of a non-oxidizing gas to expedite flushing of hydrocarbonaceous material, inhibit unwanted entry of oxygen into the encapsulated volume and remove recoverable hydrocarbons following the heating process.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
53.
Convective heat systems for recovery of hydrocarbons from encapsulated permeability control infrastructures
A constructed permeability control infrastructure can include a permeability control impoundment, which defines a substantially encapsulated volume. The infrastructure can also include a comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material within the encapsulated volume. The comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The infrastructure can further include at least one convection driving conduit oriented in a lower portion of the permeable body to generate bulk convective flow patterns throughout the permeable body. An associated method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure, which defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. A heated fluid can be passed throughout the permeable body in bulk convective flow patterns to remove hydrocarbons from the permeable body. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing and/or use.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
54.
Intermediate vapor collection within encapsulated control infrastructures
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A mined hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. Hydrocarbon products can be collected from intermediate locations within the permeable body. Advantageously, an intermediate fluid collection system can be used to draw a hydrocarbon product from the permeable body at preselected locations. Such intermediate collection can provide hydrocarbon product fractions which can reduce or eliminate the need for full-scale distillation of a hydrocarbon product having a full range of products such as that typically found in crude oil. In addition, product quality can be tailored by monitoring such intermediate draws and adjusting operating parameters accordingly.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
55.
Methods of recovering minerals from hydrocarbonaceous material using a constructed infrastructure and associated systems
A method of recovering minerals from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be contacted with an agent sufficient to remove minerals therefrom. The agent is typically a solution containing a solvent, leachant, chelating agent and the like via which minerals can be removed having value, toxic minerals, radioactive minerals and the like.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
56.
Methods of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous material using a constructed infrastructure and associated systems
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. During heating the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure is a fixed structure. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
57.
METHODS OF RECOVERING HYDROCARBONS FROM HYDROCARBONACEOUS MATERIAL USING A CONSTRUCTED INFRASTRUCTURE AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydro carbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure (100). This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydro carbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body (120) of hydro carbonaceous material. The permeable body (120) can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom such as by using heating conduits (118,126). During heating the hydro carbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure (100) is a fixed structure. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected as liquid products (136) and gaseous products (140) for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume having substantially permeable side walls and a substantially impermeable cap. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom without contamination or substantial leaching of materials outside of the impoundment. During heating the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure is a fixed structure. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
59.
Methods of recovering hydrocarbons from water-containing hydrocarbonaceous material using a constructed infrastructure and associated systems
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from water-containing hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a constructed permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A mined or separately collected water-containing hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to initially remove water therefrom as a water vapor. The water vapor can be removed from the infrastructure via an outlet which can be controlled or shut off when the permeable body is sufficiently dewatered. The dewatered permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom. During heating the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure is a fixed structure. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
A method of recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbonaceous materials can include forming a stationary permeability control infrastructure. This constructed infrastructure defines a substantially encapsulated volume. A comminuted hydrocarbonaceous material can be introduced into the control infrastructure to form a permeable body of hydrocarbonaceous material. The permeable body can be heated sufficient to remove hydrocarbons therefrom within a temperature range which is sufficient to substantially avoid formation of carbon dioxide or non-hydrocarbon leachates. During heating the hydrocarbonaceous material is substantially stationary as the constructed infrastructure is a fixed structure. Removed hydrocarbons can be collected for further processing, use in the process, and/or use as recovered.
C10G 1/04 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
patents
