An improved process for manufacturing ion-exchanged adsorbent product having sufficient mechanical strength for use in industrial scale gas separation or gas purification adsorbers. The ion exchange step is performed on shaped adsorbent particles, directly without a high temperature calcination step first. After the completion of ion exchange step, the resulting ion-exchanged adsorbent particles are subjected to the high temperature calcination step.
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
The present invention generally relates to a coated inert core, a method of making coated core-shell adsorbent, and to the use of said core-shell adsorbent in gas separation or purification applications. Coating the inert core prior to applying the shell material greatly improves adhesion of the shell to the core material, resulting in reduced attrition and fracturing. Use of coated core enables controlled growth of adsorbent product particle size resulting in improved single pass recovery of pre- defined size distribution.
B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
Disclosed is a thermochemical regenerative combustion method for fuel containing ammonia and/or other low BTU bio-fuels to achieve fuel efficiency equal to or better than conventional fuels such as hydrogen and natural gas.
Disclosed is a thermochemical regenerative combustion method for fuel containing ammonia and/or other low BTU bio-fuels to achieve fuel efficiency equal to or better than conventional fuels such as hydrogen and natural gas.
Disclosed are methodology and apparatus useful to employ liquid nitrogen cryogen to boost on demand the refrigeration capacity of a freezer or similar device in which refrigeration is provided by a mechanical refrigeration circuit.
A system and method for high rate liquid hydrogen tank filling is provided. The flexible, pump- based filling system can achieve high fill rate of liquid hydrogen in excess of 100 kg per minute and accommodate maximum delivery pressures. The present system and method further includes recovery and re-liquefaction of displaced and flash generated tank vapors.
A system and method for high rate liquid hydrogen tank filling is provided. The flexible, pump-based filling system can achieve high fill rate of liquid hydrogen in excess of 100 kg per minute and accommodate maximum delivery pressures. The present system and method further includes recovery and re-liquefaction of displaced and flash generated tank vapors.
F17C 5/04 - Methods or apparatus for filling pressure vessels with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
F17C 13/00 - Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
8.
FUEL BLENDING IN THERMOCHEMICAL HEAT EXCHANGE METHODS
Disclosed is a combustion method in a furnace, e.g. a glass furnace. A fuel mixture, optionally comprising recirculated flue gas, comprises fuel components that undergo an endothermic reforming reaction while being indirectly heated utilizing the heat of the furnace flue gas in order to improve heat recovery efficiency. The heat exchanger may be of the regenerator type.
F23C 1/00 - Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in air
F23C 9/00 - Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
F23K 5/00 - Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
9.
FUEL BLENDING IN THERMOCHEMICAL HEAT EXCHANGE METHODS
Disclosed is a thermochemical regenerative combustion method in which a mixture of fuel components that can, and cannot, undergo endothermic reaction is passed through a heated regenerator to obtain improved heat recovery efficiency.
Mechanical devices and systems for monitoring and controlling the flow of beverages in dispensing systems, specifically draft beer; foam-detection equipment integrated into beverage lines to automatically stop flow during keg changes to preserve product quality and reduce waste; components for beverage dispensing systems, including flow control mechanisms, sensors, valves, and resettable control devices designed for commercial, residential, and hospitality environments
43 - Food and drink services, temporary accommodation
Goods & Services
developing customized carbonation solutions for greenhouses; consultancy and advisory services relating to the provision of beverage carbonation solutions; consultancy and advisory services relating to the provision of carbonation solutions for greenhouses; installation, maintenance and repair of beverage carbonation systems; installation, maintenance and repair of carbonation systems for greenhouses; and contract beverage services; Developing customized beverage carbonation solutions for restaurants, bars, pubs, and breweries
Beer dispensing machines and mechanical systems for infusing and mixing gases, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and custom gas blends, into beer for consistent carbonation, nitrogenation, and foam stability; components for gas-infused draft beer dispensing systems, including gas regulators, gas mixers, gas generators, gas cylinders, infusion chambers, and foam detectors; mechanical draft beer systems designed to deliver optimized taste, texture, and beverage quality for use in commercial, residential, and hospitality settings
13.
System and Method for Precooling a Hydrogen Feed Stream with Concurrent Nitrogen Liquefaction
A highly efficient refrigeration system and process for precooling of a hydrogen feed stream with concurrent nitrogen liquefaction is disclosed. The disclosed refrigeration system and associated methods employ a reverse Brayton refrigeration cycle using a nitrogen based refrigerant and a fully integrated three pinion bridge (BriM) machine operatively coupling at least two turbine/expanders and at least four nitrogen refrigerant compression stages.
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
14.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRECOOLING A HYDROGEN FEED STREAM WITH CONCURRENT NITROGEN LIQUEFACTION
A highly efficient refrigeration system and process for precooling of a hydrogen feed stream with concurrent nitrogen liquefaction is disclosed. The disclosed refrigeration system and associated methods employ a reverse Brayton refrigeration cycle using a nitrogen based refrigerant and a fully integrated three pinion bridge (BriM) machine operatively coupling at least two turbine/ expanders and at least four nitrogen refrigerant compression stages.
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
15.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TURNDOWN OF A HYDROGEN PRECOOLING AND/OR HYDROGEN LIQUEFACTION SYSTEM
A highly efficient, refrigeration system and process for precooling/liquefaction of a hydrogen feed stream and method of turndown of such system is disclosed. The disclosed refrigeration system and associated methods employ a reverse Brayton refrigeration cycle using a nitrogen based refrigerant and a fully integrated three pinion bridge (BriM) machine operatively coupling at least two turbine/ expanders and at least four nitrogen refrigerant compression stages. Turndown of the hydrogen precooling and liquefaction process requires removal of nitrogen refrigerant from the refrigeration recycle loop by retaining liquid nitrogen in the phase separator, which is sized to accommodate the bulk of the nitrogen refrigerant used in the refrigeration circuit.
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
16.
APPARTUS AND METHODS OF PROVIDING UNIFORM SURFACE FREEZING TO FOOD PRODUCTS
A method and apparatus for cryogenic freezing of a first food product using a freezer (100), the freezer including a chamber (200). The method includes receiving the first food product on a conveyor through a first sidewall of the freezer when a first door (101) positioned on the first sidewall is in an open or in a partially open position; and circulating a cooling gas inside the chamber when the first door is in a partially closed position or in a closed position, wherein the cooling gas circulates inside the chamber flowing around the first food product.
F25D 3/11 - Devices using other cold materialsDevices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
F25D 3/12 - Devices using other cold materialsDevices using cold-storage bodies using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow
The present invention relates to a device, using electrical resistance measurements, and a method to detect the undesirable carbon formation due to chemical processing of mixture of higher hydrocarbons subjected to high temperatures in process equipment such as methane steam reformers, heat exchangers, pipes.
G01N 27/04 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
G01N 27/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluidInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid
The present invention relates to a device, using electrical resistance measurements, and a method to detect the undesirable carbon formation due to chemical processing of mixture of higher hydrocarbons subjected to high temperatures in process equipment such as methane steam reformers, heat exchangers, pipes.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
G01N 27/12 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluidInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid
19.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRE-PURIFICATION OF A FEED GAS STREAM
A system and method of pre-purification of a feed gas stream is provided that is particularly suitable for pre-purification of a feed air stream in cryogenic air separation unit. The disclosed pre-purification systems and methods are configured to remove substantially all of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water, and carbon dioxide impurities from a feed air stream and is particularly suitable for use in a high purity or ultra-high purity nitrogen plant. The pre-purification systems and methods preferably employ two or more separate layers of hopcalite catalyst (41, 45) with the successive layers of the hopcalite separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer (43) that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layers. The separate layers (41, 45) of hopcalite catalyst preferably have different volumes and/or different average particle sizes of the hopcalite materials.
The present invention relates to net-zero hydrogen plants and methods of operating said plants having a lower cost and much larger scale compared to electrolysis driven plants utilized to produce green hydrogen.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
The present invention relates to net-zero hydrogen plants and methods of operating said plants having a lower cost and much larger scale compared to electrolysis driven plants utilized to produce green hydrogen.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
22.
METHOD FOR PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY OF A DENSIFIED LIQUID OXYGEN PRODUCT FOR SPACE VEHICLE APPLICATIONS
A system and method for the production and supply of a densified, liquid oxidant to a space vehicle launch facility with one or more launch platforms is provided. In one embodiment, a low pressure gaseous oxygen stream is piped from a nearby air separation unit to the space vehicle launch facility where it is then liquefied and densified in a two-stage, integrated liquefaction/densification system. In an alternate embodiment, a liquid oxygen stream produced at an air separation unit is densified in a two-stage, integrated densification system at or near the air separation unit with the resulting densified liquid oxygen product transported via truck/trailer to a nearby space vehicle launch facility.
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
23.
INTEGRATION OF A HOT OXYGEN BURNER WITH AN AUTO THERMAL REFORMER
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
A system and method of pre-purification of a feed gas stream is provided that is particularly suitable for pre-purification of a feed air stream in cryogenic air separation unit. The disclosed pre-purification systems and methods are configured to remove substantially all of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water, and carbon dioxide impurities from a feed air stream and is particularly suitable for use in a high purity or ultra-high purity nitrogen plant. The pre-purification systems and methods preferably employ two or more separate layers of hopcalite catalyst with the successive layers of the hopcalite separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layers. Alternatively, the pre-purification systems and methods employ a hopcalite catalyst layer and a noble metal catalyst layer separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layer.
A system and method for the production and supply of a densified, liquid oxidant to a space vehicle launch facility with one or more launch platforms is provided. A low pressure gaseous oxygen stream is piped from a nearby air separation unit and is then liquefied and densified in a two-stage, integrated liquefaction/densification system. The first refrigeration stage is a nitrogen based reverse Brayton cycle refrigeration cycle, that liquefies the gaseous oxygen and subcools the resulting liquid oxygen to a temperature of about 81 Kelvin. The second refrigeration stage is a mixed refrigerant loop containing some combination of helium and/or neon refrigerants that densifies the liquid oxygen to a temperature of about 57 Kelvin. The integrated liquefaction and densification system may also be configured to densify liquid methane or other propellants used in space vehicle launches.
A system and method for the co-production of a densified, liquid oxidant and a densified liquid methane fuel to a space vehicle launch facility is provided. In one embodiment, a low pressure gaseous oxygen stream is piped from a nearby air separation unit to the space vehicle launch facility where it is then liquefied and densified in a two-stage, integrated liquefaction/densification system that also densifies a source of liquid methane. In an alternate embodiment, a liquid oxygen stream produced at an air separation unit is densified in a two- stage, integrated densification system configured to densify both the liquid oxygen as well a source of liquid methane at or near the air separation unit with the resulting densified liquid products transported via truck/trailer to a nearby space vehicle launch facility.
A system and method for the production and supply of a densified, liquid oxidant to a space vehicle launch facility is provided. A stream of liquid oxygen taken from a co-located, liquid producing air separation unit is densified in a two refrigeration stage, integrated densification system. The first refrigeration stage is a nitrogen based reverse Brayton cycle refrigeration cycle that provides refrigeration to the second refrigeration stage. The second refrigeration stage is a helium and/or neon comprising refrigerant loop that densifies the liquid oxygen to a temperature between about 70 Kelvin and 57 Kelvin. The integrated densification system may also be configured to densify liquid methane or other propellants used in space vehicle launches.
A system and method for the production and supply of a densified, liquid oxidant to a space vehicle launch facility with one or more launch platforms is provided. A low pressure gaseous oxygen stream is piped from a nearby air separation unit and is then liquefied and densified in a two-stage, integrated liquefaction/densification system. The first refrigeration stage is a nitrogen based reverse Brayton cycle refrigeration cycle, that liquefies the gaseous oxygen and subcools the resulting liquid oxygen to a temperature of about 81 Kelvin. The second refrigeration stage is a mixed refrigerant loop containing some combination of helium and/or neon refrigerants that densifies the liquid oxygen to a temperature of about 57 Kelvin. The integrated liquefaction and densification system may also be configured to densify liquid methane or other propellants used in space vehicle launches.
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
29.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CO-PRODUCTION OF A DENSIFIED LIQUID OXYGEN PRODUCT AND DENSIFIED LIQUID METHANE PRODUCT
A system and method for the co-production of a densified, liquid oxidant and a densified liquid methane fuel to a space vehicle launch facility is provided. In one embodiment, a low pressure gaseous oxygen stream is piped from a nearby air separation unit to the space vehicle launch facility where it is then liquefied and densified in a two-stage, integrated liquefaction/densification system that also densifies a source of liquid methane. In an alternate embodiment, a liquid oxygen stream produced at an air separation unit is densified in a two-stage, integrated densification system configured to densify both the liquid oxygen as well a source of liquid methane at or near the air separation unit with the resulting densified liquid products transported via truck/trailer to a nearby space vehicle launch facility.
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
30.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DENSIFICATION OF LIQUID OXYGEN
A system and method for the production and supply of a densified, liquid oxidant to a space vehicle launch facility is provided. A stream of liquid oxygen taken from a co-located, liquid producing air separation unit is densified in a two refrigeration stage, integrated densification system. The first refrigeration stage is a nitrogen based reverse Brayton cycle refrigeration cycle that provides refrigeration to the second refrigeration stage. The second refrigeration stage is a helium and/or neon comprising refrigerant loop that densifies the liquid oxygen to a temperature between about 70 Kelvin and 57 Kelvin. The integrated densification system may also be configured to densify liquid methane or other propellants used in space vehicle launches.
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
31.
METHOD FOR PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY OF A DENSIFIED LIQUID OXYGEN PRODUCT FOR SPACE VEHICLE APPLICATIONS
A system and method for the production and supply of a densified, liquid oxidant to a space vehicle launch facility with one or more launch platforms is provided. In one embodiment, a low pressure gaseous oxygen stream is piped from a nearby air separation unit to the space vehicle launch facility where it is then liquefied and densified in a two-stage, integrated liquefaction/densification system. In an alternate embodiment, a liquid oxygen stream produced at an air separation unit is densified in a two-stage, integrated densification system at or near the air separation unit with the resulting densified liquid oxygen product transported via truck/trailer to a nearby space vehicle launch facility.
Administration to chickens or other poultry of water containing nanobubbles that contain oxygen reduces the incidence of woody breast disorder in the chicken or other poultry.
A method of incubating a fertilized unhatched poultry egg to hatching comprises: incubating the egg for an incubation period of 18 to 21 consecutive days in a gaseous atmosphere which is in contact with the egg, and during that time, feeding carbon dioxide from a source outside the egg into the gaseous atmosphere as necessary so that for at least one period of time of at least 12 hours the carbon dioxide concentration in the gaseous atmosphere which is in contact with the egg is 7,500 ppm to 20,000 ppm, thereby enhancing the health and survivability of the chicks and, in the case of chickens, reducing the tendency of chicks hatched from the eggs thus treated to disorders such as Woody Breast. Preferably, the method is combined with administration to the post-hatching birds of water comprising oxygen-containing nanobubbles.
Administration to chickens or other poultry of water containing nanobubbles that contain oxygen reduces the incidence of woody breast disorder in the chicken or other poultry.
A23K 50/75 - Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
A23K 20/20 - Inorganic substances, e.g. oligo-elements
B01F 23/2373 - Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media for obtaining fine bubbles, i.e. bubbles with a size below 100 µm
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
35.
METHODS USING CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN TO IMPROVE CHARACTERISTICS OF POULTRY
Disclosed are methods of reducing incidence of disorders such as Woody Breast in poultry, by incubating pre-hatching eggs in an atmosphere enriched in carbon dioxide, preferably combined with administration to the post-hatching birds of water comprising oxygen-containing nanobubbles.
Disclosed are methods of freezing material that is susceptible to breakage at undesirable places or times, wherein the freezing is performed with reduced risk of such breakage occurring, and methods for recovery of valuable component from such material by freezing, size reduction, and sieving at sub-ambient pressure.
A23L 3/375 - Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of chemicals with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature
Disclosed are methods of freezing material that is susceptible to breakage at undesirable places or times, wherein the freezing is performed with reduced risk of such breakage occurring, and methods for recovery of valuable component from such material by freezing, size reduction, and sieving at sub-ambient pressure.
A23B 7/055 - FreezingSubsequent thawingCooling with addition of chemicals with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature
A01H 6/50 - Lamiaceae, e.g. lavender, mint or chia
A23L 3/375 - Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of chemicals with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature
A23L 33/105 - Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
The present disclosure relates to a furnace comprising:
a plurality of groupings, wherein each grouping in the furnace is adjacent to each other and separated by a gap, wherein each grouping comprises:
(a) one row of tubes and optionally additional rows of tubes comprising a plurality of tubes containing a catalyst for converting a gaseous feed, wherein each row of tubes is parallel to each other;
(b) at least two rows of burners comprising having a first and second row of outer burners and optionally additional rows of burners comprising a plurality of burners, and as described herein,
(c) wherein the plurality of burners within each grouping is configured such that the ratio of B/G is greater than 1.3 and the ratio of B/W is less than 1.3, wherein W, B and G are as defined herein.
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
39.
HIGH PERFORMANCE SEMICONDUCTOR GRADE DIMETHYLALUMINUM CHLORIDE
Novel high purity dimethylaluminium chloride compositions are provided that are suitable for semiconductor applications, such as atomic layer etch and aluminum ion implantation. The reduction or minimization of specified gaseous impurities allows the vapor phase of the DMAC to have purity levels of 99.9 mol% or higher to selectively etch various atomic layers with high selectivity and high etch precision at acceptable etch rates and 99 mol% or higher to ion implant aluminum ions without substantial implantation of C2H3 ions into a wafer device, thereby avoiding degradation or failure of the wafer device. Storage conditions are established that are conducive to maintaining the high purity levels required for such semiconductor applications.
The present disclosure relates to a furnace comprising: a plurality of groupings, wherein each grouping in the furnace is adjacent to each other and separated by a gap, wherein each grouping comprises: (a) one row of tubes and optionally additional rows of tubes comprising a plurality of tubes containing a catalyst for converting a gaseous feed, wherein each row of tubes is parallel to each other; (b) at least two rows of burners comprising having a first and second row of outer burners and optionally additional rows of burners comprising a plurality of burners, and as described herein, (c) wherein the plurality of burners within each grouping is configured such that the ratio of B/G is greater than 1.3 and the ratio of BAY is less than 1.3, wherein W, B and G are as defined herein.
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
A method of operating a reformer furnace is disclosed. The method comprises using a carbon margin in balancing the furnace temperature thereby leading to carbon free formation operation and improved efficiency.
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
42.
BURNER WITH ALTERNATE MODES FOR FLEXIBLE OPERATION
A burner comprises a central conduit, a first annular conduit, and a nozzle plate across the outlet of the first annular conduit, wherein the nozzle plate comprises a plurality of orifices that extend through the nozzle plate, and a second annular conduit which opens into a downstream space, wherein the central conduit and the first annular conduit are controllably connected to a first reactant and the second annular conduit is controllably connected to a source of a second reactant, wherein one of the first and second reactants comprises fuel and the other of the first and second reactants comprises oxygen. Combustion apparatus comprises a plurality of the burners, preferably arranged in two planes each of which contain at least one of the burners. A fuel-rich flame can be emitted in one of the planes and a fuel-lean flame can be emitted in the other plane. The fuel-rich and fuel-lean nature of the flames emitted in the respective planes can be periodically alternated.
F23D 14/22 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
A burner comprises a central conduit, a first annular conduit, and a nozzle plate across the outlet of the first annular conduit, wherein the nozzle plate comprises a plurality of orifices that extend through the nozzle plate, and a second annular conduit which opens into a downstream space, wherein the central conduit and the first annular conduit are controllably connected to a first reactant and the second annular conduit is controllably connected to a source of a second reactant, wherein one of the first and second reactants comprises fuel and the other of the first and second reactants comprises oxygen. Combustion apparatus comprises a plurality of the burners, preferably arranged in two planes each of which contain at least one of the burners. A fuel-rich flame can be emitted in one of the planes and a fuel-lean flame can be emitted in the other plane. The fuel-rich and fuel-lean nature of the flames emitted in the respective planes can be periodically alternated.
F23D 14/22 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
A system and method for separating air by cryogenic distillation using a four column arrangement including a higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, an intermediate pressure column, and an argon column is provided. The disclosed system and method is particularly suited for production of normal purity oxygen and employs a once-through kettle column reboiler, a once-through kettle column condenser, and a once-through argon condenser. The once through argon condenser is disposed within the lower pressure column where an argon-rich vapor stream is condensed against the descending liquid in the lower pressure column.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
45.
Air separation unit and method for production of high purity nitrogen product using a distillation column system with an intermediate pressure kettle column
An air separation unit and associated method for separating air by cryogenic distillation using a distillation column system including a higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, an intermediate pressure kettle column, and an argon column arrangement is provided. The disclosed air separation unit and method is particularly suited for production of high purity nitrogen for electronics applications and includes nitrogen recycle circuit necessary to attain the higher purity nitrogen products. In addition to the intermediate pressure kettle column, the present air separation unit and associated method employs a once-through argon condenser, preferably disposed within the lower pressure column as well as a once-through kettle column reboiler, a once-through kettle column condenser.
F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
46.
Air separation unit and method for cryogenic separation of air using a distillation column system including an intermediate pressure kettle column
An air separation unit and associated method for separating air by cryogenic distillation using a distillation column system including a higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, an intermediate pressure kettle column, and an argon column arrangement is provided. The present air separation unit and associated method employs a once-through kettle column reboiler, a once-through kettle column condenser, and a once-through argon condenser. The once through argon condenser is disposed within the lower pressure column where an argon-rich vapor stream is condensed against the descending liquid in the lower pressure column.
F25J 3/00 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
47.
AIR SEPARATION UNIT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF NITROGEN AND ARGON USING A DISTILLATION COLUMN SYSTEM WITH AN INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE KETTLE COLUMN
An air separation unit and associated method for separating air by cryogenic distillation using a distillation column system including a higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, an intermediate pressure kettle column, and an argon column arrangement is provided. The disclosed air separation unit and method is particularly suited for production of an argon product as well as several nitrogen products wherein a portion of the nitrogen overhead intermediate pressure kettle column is taken as an intermediate or elevated pressure nitrogen product. The present air separation unit and associated method employs a once-through kettle column reboiler, a once-through kettle column condenser while the argon condenser condenses an argon-rich vapor stream against a pumped oxygen stream from the bottom of the lower pressure column.
An air separation unit and associated method for separating air by cryogenic distillation using a distillation column system including a higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, an intermediate pressure kettle column, and an argon column arrangement is provided. The disclosed air separation unit and method is particularly suited for production of high purity nitrogen for electronics applications and includes nitrogen recycle circuit necessary to attain the higher purity nitrogen products. In addition to the intermediate pressure kettle column, the present air separation unit and associated method employs a once-through argon condenser, preferably disposed within the lower pressure column as well as a once-through kettle column reboiler, a once-through kettle column condenser.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
49.
AIR SEPARATION UNIT AND METHOD FOR CRYOGENIC SEPARATION OF AIR USING A DISTILLATION COLUMN SYSTEM INCLUDING AN INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE KETTLE COLUMN
An air separation unit and associated method for separating air by cryogenic distillation using a distillation column system including a higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, an intermediate pressure kettle column, and an argon column arrangement is provided. The disclosed air separation unit and method is particularly suited for production of an oxygen product as well as several nitrogen products wherein a portion of the nitrogen overhead intermediate pressure kettle column is taken as an intermediate pressure nitrogen product. The present air separation unit and associated method employs a once-through kettle column reboiler, a once-through kettle column condenser, and a once-through argon condenser. The once through argon condenser is disposed within the lower pressure column where an argon-rich vapor stream is condensed against the descending liquid in the lower pressure column.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
50.
Air separation unit and method for production of nitrogen and argon using a distillation column system with an intermediate pressure kettle column
An air separation unit and associated method for separating air by cryogenic distillation using a distillation column system including a higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, an intermediate pressure kettle column, and an argon column arrangement is provided. The disclosed air separation unit and method is particularly suited for production of an argon product as well as several nitrogen products wherein a portion of the nitrogen overhead intermediate pressure kettle column is taken as an intermediate or elevated pressure nitrogen product. The present air separation unit and associated method employs a once-through kettle column reboiler, a once-through kettle column condenser while the argon condenser condenses an argon-rich vapor stream against a pumped oxygen stream from the bottom of the lower pressure column.
F25J 3/00 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
51.
AIR SEPARATION UNIT AND METHOD FOR CRYOGENIC SEPARATION OF AIR USING A DISTILLATION COLUMN SYSTEM INCLUDING AN INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE KETTLE COLUMN
An air separation unit and associated method for separating air by cryogenic distillation using a distillation column system including a higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, an intermediate pressure kettle column, and an argon column arrangement is provided. The disclosed air separation unit and method is particularly suited for production of an oxygen product as well as several nitrogen products wherein a portion of the nitrogen overhead intermediate pressure kettle column is taken as an intermediate pressure nitrogen product. The present air separation unit and associated method employs a once-through kettle column reboiler, a once-through kettle column condenser, and a once-through argon condenser. The once through argon condenser is disposed within the lower pressure column where an argon-rich vapor stream is condensed against the descending liquid in the lower pressure column.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
52.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION USING FOUR DISTILLATION COLUMNS INCLUDING AN INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE COLUMN
A system and method for separating air by cryogenic distillation using a four column arrangement including a higher pressure column, a lower pressure column, an intermediate pressure column, and an argon column is provided. The disclosed system and method is particularly suited for production of normal purity oxygen and employs a once-through kettle column reboiler, a once-through kettle column condenser, and a once-through argon condenser. The once through argon condenser is disposed within the lower pressure column where an argon-rich vapor stream is condensed against the descending liquid in the lower pressure column.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
A method and a system are provided for liquefying an industrial gas. Industrial gas is compressed, at a three-stage feed recycle compressor, to produce a first compressed gas portion and a second compressed gas portion. The second compressed gas portion is further compressed and divided into a first part and a second part. The first compressed gas portion is turbo-expanded to form a first turbo-expanded gas portion. The first turbo-expanded gas portion is warmed, at a heat exchanger, to form a first return stream. The first return stream is fed back to the three-stage feed recycle compressor, between a first compression stage and a second compression stage. A cooled first part is turbo-expanded to form a turbo-expanded first part. The turbo-expanded first part is warmed at the heat exchanger to form a second return stream. The cooled and liquefied second part is recovered as liquefied industrial gas.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
54.
PROTECTIVE SHROUD FOR A VALVE INTEGRATED PRESSURE REGULATOR (VIPR)
A protective shroud for a valve integrated pressure regulator (VIPR) assembly is provided. The protective shroud includes a main body section, a top section extending from the main body section to form a primary handle with one or more connecting arm sections and a grip section, and a bottom section with an annular collar. The connecting sections and grip section of the primary handle are oriented in a parallel orientation to the annular collar. The front face of the main body section includes a recessed portion having a first port or opening configured to expose a pressure gauge/display from the VIPR assembly and a second port or opening configured to expose a gas outlet from the VIPR assembly. The top section of the protective shroud also includes a top opening sized to receive a control knob of the VIPR assembly.
A liquid nitrogen energy storage (LNES) system that includes a liquid charging mode and a power generating mode is provided. The disclosed liquid nitrogen energy storage system comprises a nitrogen liquefier designed to cool or liquefy a first portion of the gaseous nitrogen and a cold recovery heat exchanger designed to cool or liquefy a second portion of the gaseous nitrogen during a liquid charging mode and to warm a liquid nitrogen energy stream during a power generating mode. The liquid nitrogen energy storage system also includes a cold store configured to provide refrigeration for liquefaction of the second portion of the gaseous nitrogen in the cold recovery heat exchanger during the liquid charging mode and to warm a portion of the liquid nitrogen taken as a liquid nitrogen energy stream in the cold recovery' heat exchanger during the power generating mode.
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
A liquid nitrogen energy storage (LNES) system that includes a liquid charging mode and a power generating mode is provided. The disclosed liquid nitrogen energy storage system comprises a nitrogen liquefier designed to cool or liquefy a first portion of the gaseous nitrogen and a cold recovery heat exchanger designed to cool or liquefy a second portion of the gaseous nitrogen during a liquid charging mode and to warm a liquid nitrogen energy stream during a power generating mode. The liquid nitrogen energy storage system also includes a cold store configured to provide refrigeration for liquefaction of the second portion of the gaseous nitrogen in the cold recovery heat exchanger during the liquid charging mode and to warm a portion of the liquid nitrogen taken as a liquid nitrogen energy stream in the cold recovery heat exchanger during the power generating mode.
A gas delivery system and method are provided that include a therapeutic gas delivery device, and a high-frequency ventilator delivering a breathing gas to a respiratory circuit. The therapeutic gas delivery system also includes a flow sensor assembly having a single interior chamber. The flow sensor assembly includes a flow sensor connected with the therapeutic gas delivery device and configured to measure a flow rate of the breathing gas. The flow sensor has a sensor gas inlet and a sensor gas outlet. The flow sensor assembly further includes a one-way flow valve disposed downstream of the sensor gas outlet. The one-way flow valve includes a valve gas inlet and a valve gas outlet. Inner diameters of the valve gas inlet and the valve gas outlet are greater than or equal to an inner diameter of at least one of the sensor gas inlet and the sensor gas outlet.
A gas delivery system and method are provided that include a therapeutic gas delivery device, and a high-frequency ventilator delivering a breathing gas to a respiratory circuit. The therapeutic gas delivery system also includes a flow sensor assembly having a single interior chamber. The flow sensor assembly includes a flow sensor connected with the therapeutic gas delivery device and configured to measure a flow rate of the breathing gas. The flow sensor has a sensor gas inlet and a sensor gas outlet. The flow sensor assembly further includes a one-way flow valve disposed downstream of the sensor gas outlet. The one-way flow valve includes a valve gas inlet and a valve gas outlet. Inner diameters of the valve gas inlet and the valve gas outlet are greater than or equal to an inner diameter of at least one of the sensor gas inlet and the sensor gas outlet.
A61M 16/00 - Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators Tracheal tubes
G01F 15/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
A61M 16/20 - Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
59.
HIGH RECOVERY PROCESS FOR PURIFICATION OF MULTICOMPONENT GASES
The process of the present invention provides high recovery and low capital cost giving it an economic advantage over previously known purification processes. The present process has particular applicability to the purification of synthesis gases comprising at least hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), CO2, and H2O to obtain a gas stream including at least H2, CO, and CH4, that is substantially free of H2O and CO2. The process also has applicability to the purification of natural gases inclusive of at least CH4, N2, CO2, and H2O to produce a gas stream including at least CH4 and N2, but which is substantially free of H2O and CO2.
This invention relates to a method and system for improved gas delivery for regulating gas at a substantially constant delivery pressure on a consistent basis. The system includes an automated redundant pressure regulation safety feature that is specifically configured along a flow network to significantly reduce the occurrence of pressure surges due to failure of the gas to be regulated to the delivery pressure. By reducing the occurrence of pressure surges and utilizing higher pressure package gas sources, the frequency of changeouts can be lowered.
This invention relates to a method and system for improved gas delivery for regulating gas at a substantially constant delivery pressure on a consistent basis. The system includes an automated redundant pressure regulation safety feature that is specifically configured along a flow network to significantly reduce the occurrence of pressure surges due to failure of the gas to be regulated to the delivery pressure. By reducing the occurrence of pressure surges and utilizing higher pressure package gas sources, the frequency of changeouts can be lowered.
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereofApparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
Disclosed are methodology and apparatus for freezing the exterior crust of products, such as food products, in a manner that does not cause the exterior of the product to adhere to the surface on which it is placed during or after the freezing.
A23L 3/375 - Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of chemicals with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature
F25D 3/11 - Devices using other cold materialsDevices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
F25D 25/04 - Charging, supporting, or discharging the articles to be cooled by conveyors
63.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRE-PURIFICATION OF A FEED AIR STREAM
A system and method of pre-purification of a feed gas stream is provided that is particularly suitable for pre-purification of a feed air stream in cryogenic air separation unit. The disclosed pre-purification systems and methods are configured to remove substantially all of the hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water, and carbon dioxide impurities from a feed air stream and is particularly suitable for use in a high purity or ultra-high purity nitrogen plant. The pre-purification systems and methods preferably employ two or more separate layers of hopcalite catalyst with the successive layers of the hopcalite separated by a zeolite adsorbent layer that removes water and carbon dioxide produced in the hopcalite layers.
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
B01D 53/28 - Selection of materials for use as drying agents
B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
Enhancements to a dual column, nitrogen producing cryogenic air separation unit are provided. Such enhancements include an improved air separation cycle that uses multiple condenser-reboilers and recycles a portion of the vapor from one or more of the condenser-reboilers to the incoming feed stream and or the compressed purified air streams to yield improvements in such dual column, nitrogen producing cryogenic air separation units. The multiple condenser-reboilers preferably include an integrated condenser-reboiler arrangement comprising a heat exchanger having a set of nitrogen condensing passages, a first set and second set of boiling passages, and a phase separator.
F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
65.
REGENERATORS WITH PRESSURIZED CAVITY IN PARTITION WALLS
A pressurized cavity is provided around at least a portion or all of a regenerator, within which gas such as flue gas is maintained at a pressure in excess of the pressure within the regenerator, to protect against leakage of gas through the walls of the regenerator.
F27D 17/00 - Arrangements for using waste heatArrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
F28D 17/02 - Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material
F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
C03B 5/237 - Regenerators or recuperators specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
F23D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Disclosed are methodology and apparatus useful to employ liquid nitrogen cryogen to boost on demand the refrigeration capacity of a freezer or similar device in which refrigeration is provided by a mechanical refrigeration circuit.
F25B 19/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
F25B 25/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups
F25D 16/00 - Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
67.
GAS DOSING APPARATUS WITH DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE
A gas dosing apparatus is provided that includes an inlet configured to receive gas, and a directional control valve connected to the inlet and having a first position and a second position. The gas dosing apparatus also includes a fixed volume reservoir connected to the directional control valve and receiving gas from the inlet, via the directional control valve, while the directional control valve is in the first position. The gas dosing apparatus further includes an outlet connected to the directional control valve and outputting a gas dose received from the fixed volume reservoir, via the directional control valve, while the directional control valve is in the second position
Disclosed are methodology and apparatus useful to employ liquid nitrogen cryogen to boost on demand the refrigeration capacity of a freezer or similar device in which refrigeration is provided by a mechanical refrigeration circuit.
F25B 19/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using evaporation of a refrigerant but without recovery of the vapour
F25B 25/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups
F25D 16/00 - Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
Disclosed are methodology and apparatus for freezing the exterior crust of products, such as food products, in a manner that does not cause the exterior of the product to adhere to the surface on which it is placed during or after the freezing.
F25D 13/06 - Stationary devices associated with refrigerating machinery, e.g. cold rooms with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
B65G 17/00 - Conveyors having an endless traction element, e.g. a chain, transmitting movement to a continuous or substantially-continuous load-carrying surface or to a series of individual load-carriersEndless-chain conveyors in which the chains form the load-carrying surface
70.
Gas dosing apparatus with directional control valve
A gas dosing apparatus is provided that includes an inlet configured to receive gas, and a directional control valve connected to the inlet and having a first position and a second position. The gas dosing apparatus also includes a fixed volume reservoir connected to the directional control valve and receiving gas from the inlet, via the directional control valve, while the directional control valve is in the first position. The gas dosing apparatus further includes an outlet connected to the directional control valve and outputting a gas dose received from the fixed volume reservoir, via the directional control valve, while the directional control valve is in the second position.
A system and method for co-producing ultra-high purity oxygen and ultra-high purity hydrogen from a water electrolysis unit is provided. The presently disclosed system and method includes upgrading the crude oxygen stream coming from the water electrolysis unit by means of a small, stand-alone cryogenic distillation system wherein the refrigeration for such cryogenic distillation system is supplied by a nitrogen recycle refrigeration loop.
A process for producing a purified hydrogen product without a pre-reformer or pre- reforming catalyst in a fired, tubular reformer where the feed stream having a carbon (i.e., C2+) molar composition greater than or equal to five percent and is mixed with a steam stream to yield a reformer feed stream with a steam-to-carbon ratio less than or equal to three. The reformer tubes contain a nickel-based catalyst without alkali promotion.
C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
Catalyst beds in refinery reactors require periodic change out due to build-up of contamination and loss of activity. The instant invention mists a liquid chemical solvent in nitrogen carrier gas to solubilize oils and heavy hydrocarbons and to further desorb light hydrocarbons and remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S), to effect decontamination. This process can be advantageously combined with nitrogen cool-down processes in preparation for catalyst unloading.
A process for producing a purified hydrogen product without a pre-reformer or pre-reforming catalyst in a fired, tubular reformer where the feed stream having a carbon (i.e., C2+) molar composition greater than or equal to five percent and is mixed with a steam stream to yield a reformer feed stream with a steam-to-carbon ratio less than or equal to three. The reformer tubes contain a nickel-based catalyst without alkali promotion.
C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C01B 3/56 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solidsRegeneration of used solids
Catalyst beds in refinery reactors require periodic change out due to build-up of contamination and loss of activity. The instant invention mists a liquid chemical solvent in nitrogen carrier gas to solubilize oils and heavy hydrocarbons and to further desorb light hydrocarbons and remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S), to effect decontamination. This process can be advantageously combined with nitrogen cool-down processes in preparation for catalyst unloading.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
78.
NOVEL METHOD FOR PRETREATING AND RECOVERING A RARE GAS FROM A GAS CONTAMINANT STREAM EXITING AN ETCH CHAMBER
Novel methods for pretreating a rare-gas-containing stream exiting an etch chamber followed by recovering the rare gas from the pre-treated, rare-gas containing stream are disclosed. More particularly, the invention relates to the pretreatment and recovery of a rare gas, such as xenon or krypton, from a nitrogen-based exhaust stream with specific gaseous impurities generated during an etch process that is performed as part of a semiconductor fabrication process.
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
79.
SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING AND REGULATING THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROGEN FROM AN ELECTROLYZER AND NON-ELECTROLYZER SOURCE
The disclosure relates, inter alia, to a system comprising: (1) an electric power grid; (2) an electrolyzer generating a first stream of hydrogen in communications link with the electric power grid; (3) hydrogen production means for producing a second stream of hydrogen, said hydrogen production means being a non-electrolyzer in communications link with the electrolyzer; (4) a first conduit leading to a hydrogen user through which hydrogen flows to the hydrogen user; (5) a second conduit connecting the electrolyzer to the first conduit through which hydrogen from the electrolyzer flows to the first conduit at a first location; (6) a third conduit distinct from the second conduit connecting the non-electrolyzer to the first conduit through which hydrogen from the non-electrolyzer flows to the first conduit at a second location distinct from the first location; and (7) means for controlling and maintaining a continuous flow of hydrogen to the hydrogen user.
In a reactor for partial oxidation of feedstock employing a hot oxygen stream that is generated by a suitable burner, the same burner that generates and provides the hot oxygen stream in full-scale partial oxidation operation can be employed in the starting-up of the partial oxidation reactor by suitable control of the characteristics of the feed to the burner, or of the pressures.
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
81.
SYSTEM AND METHOD TO PRODUCE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
A small to mid-scale liquefied natural gas production system and method is provided. The disclosed liquefied natural gas production system employs at least one heat exchanger, three turbine/ expanders and at least three refrigerant compression stages. The expansion ratio of one turbine/ expander is appreciably lower than the expansion ratio of the other turbine/ expanders such that the temperature of the exhaust stream from the turbine/ expander with the lower expansion ratio is above the critical point temperature of the compressed natural gas containing feed stream but colder than about -15° C. The present system and method may be configured using either a single nitrogen-based expansion refrigerant circuit or two separate refrigerant circuits wherein the turbine/ expander with the lowest expansion ratio is contained within a separate refrigeration circuit from the other two turbine/ expanders with the higher expansion ratios.
A small to mid-scale liquefied natural gas production system and method is provided. The disclosed liquefied natural gas production system employs a nitrogen-based refrigerant, at least one heat exchanger, three turbine/ expanders and two or more refrigerant compression stages. The expansion ratio of one turbine/ expander is appreciably lower than the expansion ratio of the other turbine/ expanders such that the temperature of the exhaust stream from the turbine/ expander with the lower expansion ratio is above the critical point temperature of the compressed natural gas containing feed stream but colder than -15° C.
A small to mid-scale liquefied natural gas production system and method is provided. The disclosed liquefied natural gas production system employs a nitrogen- based refrigerant, at least one heat exchanger, three turbine/ expanders and two or more refrigerant compression stages. The expansion ratio of one turbine/ expander is appreciably lower than the expansion ratio of the other turbine/ expanders such that the temperature of the exhaust stream from the turbine/ expander with the lower expansion ratio is above the critical point temperature of the compressed natural gas containing feed stream but colder than -15° C.
A small to mid-scale liquefied natural gas production system and method is provided. The disclosed liquefied natural gas production system employs a nitrogen-based refrigerant, at least one heat exchanger, three turbine/expanders and two or more refrigerant compression stages. The expansion ratio of one turbine/expander is appreciably lower than the expansion ratio of the other turbine/expanders such that the temperature of the exhaust stream from the turbine/expander with the lower expansion ratio is above the critical point temperature of the compressed natural gas feed stream but colder than -15° C.
A small to mid-scale liquefied natural gas production system and method is provided. The disclosed liquefied natural gas production system employs a nitrogen- based refrigerant, at least one heat exchanger, three turbine/ expanders and two or more refrigerant compression stages. The expansion ratio of one turbine/ expander is appreciably lower than the expansion ratio of the other turbine/ expanders such that the temperature of the exhaust stream from the turbine/ expander with the lower expansion ratio is above the critical point temperature of the compressed natural gas containing feed stream but colder than -15° C.
A small to mid-scale liquefied natural gas production system and method is provided. The disclosed liquefied natural gas production system employs a nitrogen-based refrigerant, at least one heat exchanger, three turbine/expanders and two or more refrigerant compression stages. The expansion ratio of one turbine/expander is appreciably lower than the expansion ratio of the other turbine/expanders such that the temperature of the exhaust stream from the turbine/expander with the lower expansion ratio is above the critical point temperature of the compressed natural gas feed stream but colder than -15° C.
A gas dosing apparatus is provided that includes an inlet configured to receive gas, and a directional control valve connected to the inlet and having a first position and a second position. The gas dosing apparatus also includes a fixed volume reservoir connected to the directional control valve and receiving gas from the inlet, via the directional control valve, while the directional control valve is in the first position. The gas dosing apparatus further includes an outlet connected to the directional control valve and outputting a gas dose received from the fixed volume reservoir, via the directional control valve, while the directional control valve is in the second position.
A small to mid-scale liquefied natural gas production system and method is provided. The disclosed liquefied natural gas production system employs a nitrogen-based refrigerant, at least one heat exchanger, three turbine/expanders and two or more refrigerant compression stages. The expansion ratio of one turbine/expander is appreciably lower than the expansion ratio of the other turbine/expanders such that the temperature of the exhaust stream from the turbine/expander with the lower expansion ratio is above the critical point temperature of the compressed natural gas feed stream but colder than −15° C.
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
89.
SYSTEM AND METHOD TO PRODUCE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
A small to mid-scale liquefied natural gas production system and method is provided. The disclosed liquefied natural gas production system employs a nitrogen-based refrigerant, at least one heat exchanger, three turbine/expanders and two or more refrigerant compression stages. The expansion ratio of one turbine/expander is appreciably lower than the expansion ratio of the other turbine/expanders such that the temperature of the exhaust stream from the turbine/expander with the lower expansion ratio is above the critical point temperature of the compressed natural gas containing feed stream but colder than -15° C.
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
90.
SYSTEM AND METHOD TO PRODUCE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
A small to mid-scale liquefied natural gas production system and method is provided. The disclosed liquefied natural gas production system employs a nitrogen-based refrigerant, at least one heat exchanger, three turbine/expanders and two or more refrigerant compression stages. The expansion ratio of one turbine/expander is appreciably lower than the expansion ratio of the other turbine/expanders such that the temperature of the exhaust stream from the turbine/expander with the lower expansion ratio is above the critical point temperature of the compressed natural gas containing feed stream but colder than −15° C.
F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
Dry ice shippers with unique structural features designed to deliver optimized performance for preserving one or more perishable items in a presence of dry ice during transport are provided. The improved dry ice shippers exhibit superior properties that overcome the performance limitations of conventional dry ice shippers.
F25D 3/14 - Devices using other cold materialsDevices using cold-storage bodies using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow portable, i.e. adapted to be carried personally
An improved dry ice containing apparatus, comprising: a transportable shipper with a contents region volume, said contents region volume at least partially defined by shipper walls surrounding therealong, said contents region volume apportioned between a first portion for holding dry ice and a second portion for holding one or more perishable items; the dry ice occupying the first portion of the contents region volume; the one or more perishable items occupying the second portion of the contents region volume; one or more openings extending into the shipper walls, each of said one or more openings in fluid communication with the contents region volume to allow the dry ice and the one or more perishable items to be introduced thereinto and removed therefrom; one or more corresponding insulated plugs to substantially close the one or more openings; the improved dry ice containing apparatus comprising an insulative structural element, said insulative structural element encapsulating the contents region volume and configured to reduce heat ingress from a surrounding environment into the contents region volume to create an overall heat transfer coefficient designated as (U).
A method of incubating a fertilized unhatched poultry egg to hatching comprises: incubating the egg for an incubation period of 18 to 21 consecutive days in a gaseous atmosphere which is in contact with the egg, and during that time, feeding carbon dioxide from a source outside the egg into the gaseous atmosphere as necessary so that for at least one period of time of at least 12 hours the carbon dioxide concentration in the gaseous atmosphere which is in contact with the egg is 7,500 ppm to 20,000 ppm, thereby enhancing the health and survivability of the chicks and, in the case of chickens, reducing the tendency of chicks hatched from the eggs thus treated to disorders such as Woody Breast.
A method of incubating a fertilized unhatched poultry egg to hatching comprises: incubating the egg for an incubation period of 18 to 21 consecutive days in a gaseous atmosphere which is in contact with the egg, and during that time, feeding carbon dioxide from a source outside the egg into the gaseous atmosphere as necessary so that for at least one period of time of at least 12 hours the carbon dioxide concentration in the gaseous atmosphere which is in contact with the egg is 7,500 ppm to 20,000 ppm, thereby enhancing the health and survivability of the chicks and, in the case of chickens, reducing the tendency of chicks hatched from the eggs thus treated to disorders such as Woody Breast.
Incubating eggs of chicken or other poultry in an atmosphere in which the CO2 concentration is elevated at controlled levels, enhances the health and survivability of the chicks and, in the case of chickens, reduces the tendency of chicks hatched from the eggs thus treated to disorders such as Woody Breast.
A method and system for decarbonization of a hydrocarbon conversion process such as steam methane reforming process for hydrogen production utilizing oxygen transport membrane reactors. The system employs catalyst-containing reforming reactors for converting natural gas into synthesis gas which is further treated in high temperature or medium temperature water gas shift reactors and fed to a hydrogen PSA to produce hydrogen product. The system further employs oxygen transport membrane reactors thermally coupled to reforming reactors and configured to oxy-combust about 90% to about 95% of combustibles in PSA tail gas that may be optionally mixed with natural gas. The oxy-combustion product stream leaving the oxygen transport membrane reactors contains about 90% of the carbon provided to the feed of the reforming reactor. The carbon dioxide in the oxy-combustion product stream can be recovered and further purified for utilization or geologic storage or liquefied to form a liquid carbon dioxide product.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
A nitrogen producing cryogenic air separation unit with an excess air circuit is provided. The nitrogen producing cryogenic air separation unit is capable of producing high pressure gaseous nitrogen without the use of a nitrogen product compressors and is also capable of producing high rates of liquid nitrogen without adding additional compression stages in the main air compressor and/or without a nitrogen recycle compressor.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
98.
NITROGEN PRODUCING CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION UNIT WITH EXCESS AIR CIRCUIT
A nitrogen producing cryogenic air separation unit with an excess air circuit is provided. The nitrogen producing cryogenic air separation unit is capable of producing high pressure gaseous nitrogen without the use of a nitrogen product compressors and is also capable of producing high rates of liquid nitrogen without adding additional compression stages in the main air compressor and/or without a nitrogen recycle compressor.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
Disclosed is a system for providing a desired amount of cooling to a quantity of non-liquid conveyable product in a vessel within a given length of residence time in the vessel, comprising:
Disclosed is a system for providing a desired amount of cooling to a quantity of non-liquid conveyable product in a vessel within a given length of residence time in the vessel, comprising:
(A) continuously feeding a mass of non-liquid conveyable product into a vessel, through the interior of the vessel, and out of the vessel, at a rate that provides a given predetermined length of residence time within the interior of the vessel, wherein the non-liquid conveyable product is moved through the interior of the vessel by engagement thereof with an impeller that is positioned in the interior of the vessel; and
(B) feeding cryogen out of a plurality of nozzle openings directly into or onto the non-liquid conveyable product in the interior of the vessel while the impeller is moving the non-liquid conveyable product continuously past the nozzle openings, wherein the cryogen is fed into said non-liquid conveyable product from a sufficient number of said nozzle openings to provide the desired amount of cooling to the non-liquid conveyable product within the given period of residence time in the vessel, and wherein the flow of cryogen out of each nozzle opening is continuous or intermittent.
A23L 3/375 - Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling with addition of chemicals with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature
A23B 4/09 - FreezingSubsequent thawingCooling with addition of chemicals before or during cooling with direct contact between the food and the chemical, e.g. liquid N2, at cryogenic temperature
F25D 3/11 - Devices using other cold materialsDevices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air with conveyors carrying articles to be cooled through the cooling space
100.
CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION UNIT WITH ARGON CONDENSER VAPOR RECYCLE
A system and method for improving the performance of an oxygen, nitrogen, and argon producing air separation unit configured to produce a gaseous nitrogen product stream is provided. By recycling the argon condenser boil-off vapor stream to the main air compression train, the argon recovery and oxygen recovery while maintaining the production level of a medium or high pressure gaseous nitrogen product stream. In addition, some operational cost savings in terms of lower power costs can also be realized compared to some prior art oxygen, nitrogen, and argon producing air separation units.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
