In the present invention there is introduced a method for the manufacture of anode materials (54) for lithium batteries so that a coating method based on laser ablation is utilised in the manufacture of at least one material layer. The share by volume of the active anode material used in the invention is at least 10 percent by volume of the anode material coating, and the average particle size is at most 3 μm. A so-called roll-to-roll method can be used in the method, in which the base material (15, 22, 42, 65, 75, 85, 95) to be coated is directed from one roll (41a) to the second roll (41b), and the coating occurs in the area between the rolls (41a-b). In addition, turning mirrors (31) can be used to focus laser pulses (12, 61, 71a-b, 81a-d, 91) as a pulse front (33) to the surface of the target material (13, 62, 72a-b, 82a-d, 82A-D, 92).
C23C 14/28 - Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
2.
METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CATHODE MATERIALS FOR NANOSTRUCTURED LI ION BATTERIES UTILISING SHORT-TERM LASER PULSES
The present invention introduces a method for the manufacture of cathode materials (52) for lithium batteries so that a coating method based on laser ablation is utilised in the manufacture of at least one material layer. The share by volume of the active cathode material used in the invention is at least 30 percent by volume and the average particle size is at most 5 pm. In the method the so-called roll-to-roll method can be used, in which the base material to be coated (15, 22, 42, 65, 75, 85, 95) is directed from one roll (41 a) to the second roll (41 b), and the coating occurs on the area between the rolls (41 a-b). In addition, turning mirrors (31) can be used to direct laser pulses (12, 61, 71 a-b, 81 a-d, 91) as a pulse front (33) to the surface of the target material (13, 62, 72a-b, 82a-d, 82A-D, 92).
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/1397 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
3.
METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NANOSTRUCTURED SOLID ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS FOR LI ION BATTERIES UTILISING SHORT-TERM LASER PULSES
In the present invention there is presented a method for the manufacture of lithium batteries utilising solid electrolytes so that the solid electrolyte material is manufactured by pulsed laser ablation deposition and the other material layers either by pulsed laser ablation deposition or some other method applicable for the material in question. In the method, the so-called roll-to-roll method can be used, in which the base material (15, 22, 42, 65, 75, 85, 95) to be coated is directed from one roll (41 a) to the second roll (41 b), and the coating occurs in the area between the rolls (41 a, 41 b). In addition, turning mirrors (31 ) can be used for directing laser pulses (12, 61, 71 a-b, 81 a-d, 91 ) as a pulse front (33) to the surface of the target material (13, 62, 72a-b, 82a-d, 82A-D, 92).
The present invention introduces a laser ablation arrangement and a corresponding method for PLD applications, where circular scanning patterns are utilized to achieve high scanning velocities on target (11–12, 31–34, 41–46, 51–53, 62, 73, 84, 92, 102, 114, 124) surfaces for efficient coating process. The arrangement allows for flexible positioning of targets and scan lines in order to optimize coating uniformity on large surface areas as well as high duty cycle for scanning. These features are all essential for achieving efficient industrial coating processes. Fast optical switching (15, 37, 40, 57) and synchronized rotation of scanning mirrors (13–14, 35–36, 47–49, 54–56, 61, 72, 83, 91, 101, 112, 122) enable efficient distribution of laser energy along long scan line paths on target surfaces.
In the present invention, there is presented a method for the manufacture of a dense oxide coating to the surface of separator films (15, 22, 42) or electrode materials used in Li ion batteries by using pulsed laser technology, very short laser pulses (12) of less than 20 ps, and a pressure of at most 10"3 mbar in the coating chamber. The method makes it possible to improve the thermal, chemical and mechanical endurance of separator films (15, 22, 42) and electrode materials, and thus to pro¬ long the performance, safety and service life of Li ion batteries. In addition to the dense oxide coating, porous coatings fabricated with other methods can be used in the structure.
In the present invention there is presented a manufacturing method for producing target material pieces (17) which are used in a laser ablation process and which make possible a more efficient coating process by blending an additive suspension (12, 13) prepared in a special way with a powder (11) used as the raw material for the target material. The suspension (14) consisting of the additive (12), raw materials (11) and liquid (13) is heated and after this sintered so that a solid target material piece (17) is produced. The piece (17) produced in this way can advantageously be used as a target in the laser ablation process.
C04B 35/01 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides
The present invention introduces a method for manufacturing thin films by pulsed laser deposition technology so that the target (15) has essentially an annular cross-section, and laser pulses (12', 12a', 12b') are directed to the inner or outer surface of the target from at least one laser source (11, 11a, 11b). In the invention the target (15) is brought to a rotational movement, and the latest optical element (13, 13a, 13b) directing the pulses to the target can be placed farther away from the target (15), which thus facilitates the protection of the optical elements from contamination.
The present invention presents a method for manufacturing thin films by using pulse laser technology so that a coating (16) of as uniform quality as possible is produced by controllably adjusting the on-time or pulse energy of the laser source (11). The uniform quality of the coating (16) is maximised by interrupting the action of the laser source (11) during scanning in a controllable manner so that the ablation process and the detached material flow (14) from the target (13) to the base material (15) would be made as homogeneous as possible. The adjustment of the pulses (23) of the laser pulse front is achieved by turning the laser source (11) off for short periods during scanning in selected places of the scanning area by using an intellectually guiding function generator (31), which takes into account also the position data signal (33P) provided by the polygon scanner (21), or by adjusting the outgoing laser pulse energy either directly controlled by the controller (11c), or by optical or mechanical attenuation.
The present invention introduces a scanning arrangement and a method suitable for coating processes applying laser ablation. The arrangement is suited to prolonged, industrial processes. The arrangement comprises a target (15), which has an annular form. The laser beam direction (12) is controlled by a rotating mirror (13) locating along the center axis of the annular target (15). The scanning line will rotate circularly along the inner target surface when the mirror (13) rotates. The focal point of the laser beams (12) may be arranged to locate on the inner target surface to ensure a constant spot size. A ring-formed, a cylinder-shaped or a cut conical-shaped target (15) may be used. The inner surface of the target may thus be tapered in order to control the release direction of the ablated material (16) towards a substrate (17) to be coated.
The present invention presents a method for manufacturing tight and porous coatings from metallic, ceramic and organic materials by utilizing composite targets manufactured of two or several materials, which are disintegrated, and producing in this way material flow towards the object to be coated by utilizing short Iaser pulses directed to the target material. With the method it is possible to produce material structures in a controlled manner, minimizing the needed energy of the Iaser pulses and heat generation, and with the method it is also possible to improve productivity by correctly choosing the components for the target material.
The present invention describes a method for coating porous separator films (15, 22, 42) of lithium batteries and a coated separator film (21, 22, 42, 43) produced as a result of the respective manufacturing method. Laser ablation is used in the method for detaching particles (14) from the target (13), and the particle flux (14) vaporised by laser pulses (12) is directed to the base material (15, 22, 42) to be coated, to which the material is attached. The so-called roll-to-roll principle can be used in the method, in which the base material (42) to be coated is directed from one roll (41 a) to a second roll (41 b), and the coating occurs in the area between these rolls (41 a-b). In addition, rotating mirrors (31 ) and a telecentric lens (32) can be used for aligning the laser pulses (12) as a rectilinear pulse front (33) before guiding onto the target material (13).
A coating material is used for coating a substrate by means of laser ablation. The coating material contains graphitic carbon nitride and a dopant in order to alter the properties of the coating produced as compared to a coating of pure carbon nitride.
In order to produce a coating on a substrate, the substrate is placed adjacent to a target. Material is cold ablated off the target by focusing a number of consecutive laser pulses on the target, thus producing a number of consecutive plasma fronts that move at least partly to the direction of said substrate. The time difference between said consecutive laser pulses is so short that constituents resulting from a number of consecutive plasma fronts form a nucleus on a surface of the substrate where a mean energy of said constituents allows the spontaneous formation of a crystalline structure.
The invention shows a method of producing high-quality ablation plume by processing a target, on a target body, with a pulsed laser beam radiation, so that the method comprises: selecting a spot area for a beam cross-section on the target to correspond the ablation threshold of the target material to being exceeded throughout the spot area of which the plume is ablated by the pulsed beam radiation within a controlled ablation depth so providing the fine quality plasma, to be used for coating and/or particle synthesis.
The invention relates in general level to radiation transference techniques as applied for utilisation of material handling. The invention relates to a radiation source arrangement comprising a path of radiation transference, or an improved path of radiation transference, which path comprises a scanner or an improved scanner. The invention also concerns a target material suitable for vaporization and/or ablation. The invention concerns an improved scanner. The invention concerns also to a vacuum vaporization/ablation arrangement that has a radiation source arrangement according to invention. The invention concerns also a target material unit, to be used in coating and/or manufacturing target material.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
10 - Medical apparatus and instruments
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
(1) Laser cold ablation based instrumentation for production of thin films and coatings; Surgical and dental instruments; artificial limbs and teeth; orthopedic articles, namely, orthopaedic bone implants and orthopaedic joint implants made of artificial materials; sutures and suture anchors.
(2) Laser cold ablation based instrumentation for production of thin films and coatings; Surgical and dental instruments; artificial limbs and teeth; orthopedic articles, namely, orthopaedic bone implants and orthopaedic joint implants made of artificial materials; sutures and suture anchors. (1) Industrial treatment of industrial materials by laser beam, industrial coating of industrial materials based on laser cold ablation.
(2) Industrial treatment of industrial materials by laser beam, industrial coating of industrial materials based on laser cold ablation.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
10 - Medical apparatus and instruments
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
(1) Laser cold ablation based instrumentation for production of thin films and coatings; Surgical and dental instruments; artificial limbs and teeth; orthopedic articles, namely, orthopaedic bone implants and orthopaedic joint implants made of artificial materials; sutures and suture anchors.
(2) Laser cold ablation based instrumentation for production of thin films and coatings; Surgical and dental instruments; artificial limbs and teeth; orthopedic articles, namely, orthopaedic bone implants and orthopaedic joint implants made of artificial materials; sutures and suture anchors. (1) Industrial treatment of industrial materials by laser beam, industrial coating of industrial materials based on laser cold ablation.
(2) Industrial treatment of industrial materials by laser beam, industrial coating of industrial materials based on laser cold ablation.
The present invention relates generally tooptical scanners. The invention has advantageous applications e.g. in the field laser technology, such ascoating and machining with cold ablation technology. An optical scanner according to the invention has a rotating mirror (210), and the reflecting surface (214) of the mirror has an angle in relation to the axis of rotation (216), which varies as a function of the position in the mirror. This way it is possible to provide an optical scanner without discontinuation points and an accurate scanning speed throughout the scanning area.
The invention pertains to a method for lowering the ablation threshold of a laser-ablated material by having on a surface of the laser-ablated material a structuring which reduces the reflection of a laser beam. The ablation threshold can be further lowered by heating the material as well as by chemically modifying the material or its surface, even slightly. The invention facilitates industrial implementation of machining of a number of various surfaces and materials. The invention also pertains to target materials to be ablated.
The invention discloses an igniter, a fuel, and a reactor in which the former two can be used in order to achieve a fuel reaction. The igniter arrangement comprises an electromagnetic holder means (101) to hold, in a non-contacting manner, a reactant (104) in the reaction volume of the igniter, a temperature regulating means (102) for controlling the temperature of the reactant (104), and a radiation means (103) for radiating the reactant in order to initiate a reaction in the said reaction volume. The reactor includes an igniter arrangement for initiating a nuclear reaction in a reactant in a reaction volume of the reactor, a feeding means (201) for feeding a nuclear fuel into the said reaction volume, and a heat exchanger arrangement (202) for transmitting heat out of the reaction volume. The invention also discloses an arrangement for controlling a reaction.
The invention relates to a surface-treatment technique in association with ablation, a surface-treatment apparatus and a turbine scanner. The invention also relates to a method of producing a coating, a radiation transmission line, a copying unit and a printing unit. The invention further relates to an arrangement for adjusting the radiation power of a radiation source in a radiation transmission line and a laser apparatus.
The invention relates to an ablation based cold work method, so that the method comprises ablating, along a predefined ablation path on an ablation target surface, to a predefined ablation depth by laser radiation having at least one characteristic wavelength and at least one pulse characteristic for each wavelength for the radiation to be used for ablation of said ablation target material, wherein the radiation from the source is directable via an optical path onto the working spot on said ablation target via a turbine scanner. The invention also relates to an ablation based cold work arrangement, so that the arrangement comprises a laser radiation source to provide the laser radiation be used in the ablation, and at least one turbine scanner arranged into the optical path arranged to lead laser radiation from said laser radiation source to the hit spot of the ablation target at the ablation path location. Such an arrangement can be used in manufacturing technology in automated systems, but also in weapon technology.
The invention discloses an element, a manufacturing method and equipment for it, and a use of the element, the element comprising an electrically conductive filmy structure formed of at least one film material for producing a thermal effect in the filmy structure with the help of an electric current.
C23C 14/28 - Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation
F25B 21/02 - Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effectMachines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
H01L 23/38 - Cooling arrangements using the Peltier effect
H01L 35/28 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - Details thereof operating with Peltier or Seebeck effect only
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
The subject of the invention is a coating method based on laser ablation where the distance between the substrate and the target being ablated is exceptionally small. The short distance allows coating the substrate even in industrial scale preferably also under a low-vacuum or even non-vacuum atmosphere. The invention is preferable in conjunction with the optimal coating of all large-size objects or objects with varying shapes.
The invention relates to a laser ablation coating method, where the laser ablation is carried out in a space with 10-3 atmospheres at most. A low vacuum level enables an advantageous industrial production of surfaces without remarkably weakening the quality features of the deposited surfaces. The invention also relates to a method for producing nano particles, so that target material is ablated by pulse laser for generating nano particles in a space with 10-3 atmospheres at most.
The invention relates in general level to a method for coating articulating surfaces of medical products. The invention also relates to coated medical products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is preferably scanned with a rotating optical scanner comprising at least one mirror for reflecting said laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.
B23K 26/06 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
C23C 14/28 - Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation
A61B 17/58 - Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or jointsDevices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
The invention relates in general level to a method for coating plastic products comprising large surface areas. The invention also relates to coated plastic products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner comprising at least one mirror for reflecting said laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as low production temperatures accomplishing the coating of plastic products, high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.
The invention relates in general level to a method for coating stone or ceramic products comprising large surface areas. The invention also relates to coated stone or ceramic products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner comprising at least one mirror for reflecting said laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, low vacuum conditions accomplishing coating of said stone or ceramic products, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.
The invention relates in general level to a method for coating various products comprising large surface areas with carbon nitride material. The invention also relates to carbon nitride coated products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner comprising at least one mirror for reflecting said laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.
The invention relates in general level to a method for coating metal products comprising large surface areas. The invention also relates to coat metal products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner comprising at least one mirror for reflecting said laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.
The present invention relates generally to semiconductors, material layers within semiconductors, a production method of semiconductors, and a manufacturing arrangement for producing semiconductors. A semiconductor according to the invention comprises at least one layer with a surface, produced by laser ablation, wherein the uniform surface area to be produced comprises at least an area 0.2 dm2 and the layer has been produced by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner comprising at least one mirror for reflecting said laser beam.
The invention relates to a laser ablation method for coating an object with one or more surfaces, so that the object to be coated, i.e. the substrate, is coated by ablating the target, so that the uniformity of the surface deposited on the object to be coated is ± 100 nm. The surface of the coated object is advantageously free of micron size particles, and it is typically a nano technological surface where the size of separate particles is ± 25 nm at most. The object also relates to products made by said method.
The invention relates in general level to a method for coating fiber products comprising large surface areas. The invention also relates to coated fiber products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner comprising at least one mirror for reflecting said laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, low-temperature coating conditions accomplishing coating of fiber-products excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.
The invention relates in general level to a method for coating glass products comprising large surface areas. The invention also relates to coated glass products manufactured by the method. The coating is carried out by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner comprising at least one mirror for reflecting said laser beam. The invention has several both industrially and qualitatively advantageous effects such as high coating production rate, excellent coating properties and overall low manufacturing costs.
The present invention relates generally to solar cells, material layers within solar cells, a production method of solar cells, and a manufacturing arrangement for producing solar cells. A solar cell according to the invention comprises at least one layer with a surface, produced by laser ablation, wherein the uniform surface area to be produced comprises at least an area 0.2 dm2 and the layer has been produced by employing ultra short pulsed laser deposition wherein pulsed laser beam is scanned with a rotating optical scanner comprising at least one mirror for reflecting said laser beam.
This invention relates to a novel diode pump (23) and a method of manufacturing the same. An optical laser pulse beam expander (28), through which a laser beam is guided forward, is integrated as a part of the diode pump (23) according to the invention. The light bars (25, 27) of the diode pump (23) are preferably made from a material that is harder than silicon and that resists large amounts of power, such as from diamond, sapphire, ruby or titanium sapphire. Using a diode pump according to the invention it is possible to guide a laser beam forward without power-restricting optical transmission fibers or optical high-power connectors. The invention enables the manufacture of very high-power diode pumps and the use thereof as a part of a laser apparatus.
G02F 1/00 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/0941 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a semiconductor laser, e.g. of a laser diode
The invention relates in general level to radiation transference techniques as applied for utilisation of material handling. The invention relates to a radiation source arrangement comprising a path of radiation transference which path comprises a turbine scanner. The invention also concerns a target material suitable for vaporization and/or ablation. The invention concerns a turbine scanner. The invention concerns also to a vacuum vaporization/ablation arrangement that has a radiation source arrangement according to invention. The invention concerns also a target material unit, to be used in coating and/or manufacturing target material.
