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C21D 1/00
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General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering |
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C21D 1/02
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Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation |
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C21D 1/04
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General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields |
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C21D 1/06
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Surface hardening |
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C21D 1/08
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Surface hardening with flames |
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C21D 1/09
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Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energySurface hardening by particle radiation |
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C21D 1/10
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Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energySurface hardening by particle radiation by electric induction |
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C21D 1/18
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HardeningQuenching with or without subsequent tempering |
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C21D 1/19
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HardeningQuenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching |
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C21D 1/20
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Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening |
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C21D 1/22
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Martempering |
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C21D 1/25
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Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 °C and 600 °C, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten") |
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C21D 1/26
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Methods of annealing |
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C21D 1/28
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Normalising |
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C21D 1/30
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Stress-relieving |
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C21D 1/32
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Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising |
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C21D 1/34
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Methods of heating |
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C21D 1/38
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Heating by cathodic discharges |
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C21D 1/40
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Direct resistance heating |
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C21D 1/42
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Induction heating |
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C21D 1/44
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Methods of heating in heat-treatment baths |
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C21D 1/46
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Salt baths |
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C21D 1/48
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Metal baths |
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C21D 1/50
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Oil baths |
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C21D 1/52
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Methods of heating with flames |
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C21D 1/53
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Heating in fluidised beds |
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C21D 1/54
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Determining when the hardening temperature has been reached by measurement of magnetic or electrical properties |
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C21D 1/55
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Hardenability tests, e.g. end-quench tests |
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C21D 1/56
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General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents |
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C21D 1/58
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Oils |
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C21D 1/60
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Aqueous agents |
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C21D 1/62
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Quenching devices |
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C21D 1/63
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Quenching devices for bath quenching |
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C21D 1/64
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Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids |
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C21D 1/68
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Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment |
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C21D 1/70
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Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching |
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C21D 1/72
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Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment during chemical change of surfaces |
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C21D 1/74
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Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material |
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C21D 1/76
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Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere |
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C21D 1/78
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Combined heat-treatments not provided for above |
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C21D 1/82
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Descaling by thermal stresses |
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C21D 1/84
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Controlled slow cooling |
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C21D 1/607
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Molten salts |
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C21D 1/613
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GasesLiquefied or solidified normally gaseous material |
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C21D 1/667
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Quenching devices for spray quenching |
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C21D 1/673
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Quenching devices for die quenching |
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C21D 1/767
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Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulationReheating thereof |
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C21D 1/773
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Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum |
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C21D 3/00
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Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metalsFurnaces therefor |
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C21D 3/02
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Extraction of non-metals |
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C21D 3/04
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Decarburising |
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C21D 3/06
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Extraction of hydrogen |
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C21D 3/08
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Extraction of nitrogen |
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C21D 3/10
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Furnaces therefor |
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C21D 5/00
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Heat treatment of cast-iron |
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C21D 5/02
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Heat treatment of cast-iron improving the malleability of grey cast-iron |
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C21D 5/04
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Heat treatment of cast-iron of white cast-iron |
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C21D 5/06
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Malleabilising |
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C21D 5/08
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Malleabilising with oxidation of carbon |
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C21D 5/10
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Malleabilising with oxidation of carbon in gaseous agents |
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C21D 5/12
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Malleabilising with oxidation of carbon in solid agents |
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C21D 5/14
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Graphitising |
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C21D 5/16
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Packing agents |
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C21D 6/00
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Heat treatment of ferrous alloys |
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C21D 6/02
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Hardening by precipitation |
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C21D 6/04
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Hardening by cooling below 0° C |
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C21D 7/00
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation |
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C21D 7/02
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working |
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C21D 7/04
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface |
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C21D 7/06
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like |
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C21D 7/08
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by burnishing or the like |
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C21D 7/10
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars |
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C21D 7/12
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars by expanding tubular bodies |
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C21D 7/13
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working |
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C21D 8/00
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment |
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C21D 8/02
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips |
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C21D 8/04
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing |
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C21D 8/06
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires |
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C21D 8/08
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires for concrete reinforcement |
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C21D 8/10
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies |
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C21D 8/12
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties |
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C21D 9/00
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor |
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C21D 9/02
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for springs |
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C21D 9/04
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for rails |
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C21D 9/06
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for rails with diminished tendency to become wavy |
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C21D 9/08
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes |
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C21D 9/10
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes shotgun barrels |
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C21D 9/12
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes barrels for ordnance |
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C21D 9/14
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes |
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C21D 9/16
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for explosive shells |
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C21D 9/18
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools |
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C21D 9/20
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for blades for skates |
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C21D 9/22
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for drillsHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for milling cuttersHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for machine cutting tools |
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C21D 9/24
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for saw blades |
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C21D 9/26
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for needlesHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for teeth for card-clothing |
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C21D 9/28
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for plain shafts |
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C21D 9/30
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for crankshaftsHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for camshafts |
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C21D 9/32
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like |
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C21D 9/34
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for tyresHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for rims |
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C21D 9/36
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for ballsHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for rollers |
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C21D 9/38
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for roll bodies |
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C21D 9/40
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for ringsHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for bearing races |
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C21D 9/42
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for armour plate |
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C21D 9/44
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for equipment for lining mine shafts, e.g. segments, rings or props |
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C21D 9/46
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for sheet metals |
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C21D 9/48
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets |
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C21D 9/50
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for welded joints |
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C21D 9/52
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for wiresHeat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor for strips |
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C21D 9/54
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Furnaces for treating strips or wire |
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C21D 9/56
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire |
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C21D 9/58
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with heating by baths |
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C21D 9/60
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with induction heating |
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C21D 9/62
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with direct resistance heating |
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C21D 9/63
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire the strip being supported by a cushion of gas |
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C21D 9/64
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Patenting furnaces |
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C21D 9/66
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Tower-type furnaces |
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C21D 9/67
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Multi-station furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere |
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C21D 9/68
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Furnace coilersHot coilers |
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C21D 9/70
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Furnaces for ingots, i.e. soaking pits |
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C21D 9/567
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with heating in fluidised beds |
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C21D 9/573
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling |
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C21D 9/663
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Bell-type furnaces |
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C21D 9/665
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Bell-type furnaces inverted or side-facing |
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C21D 9/667
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Multi-station furnaces |
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C21D 9/673
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Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to bell-type furnaces |
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C21D 9/675
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Arrangements of charging or discharging devices |
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C21D 9/677
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Arrangements of heating devices |
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C21D 10/00
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Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation |
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C21D 11/00
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Process control or regulation for heat treatments |
